• 종양간호연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a gum-chewing on the recovery of bowel motility and days of hospitalization after surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized design. Thirty-four patients undergoing abdominal surgery for colorectal cancer were assigned to either gum-chewing group (n=17) or control group (n=17). The patients in the gum-chewing group chewed gum for 10 min three times daily from the first postoperative morning until the day they began oral intake. Outcome variables were time of first flatus, time of first bowel movement, and length of hospital stay. Results: Gum-chewing was effective in enhancing the first passage of flatus, but was not effective in enhancing time of bowel movement and length of hospital stay. Conclusion: Gum-chewing can be utilized as a useful nursing intervention to shorten the time of the first flatus of postoperative colectomy.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2013

The study examined how changes in time invested in private tutoring and academic achievement influenced each other through a multivariate latent growth model by using the data from the first to the third year presented in the KYPS. This study identifies not only how changes in the private tutoring experience exerted a direct influence on changes in academic achievement, but also measures what kind of changes in private tutoring and academic achievement had emerged over time. The detailed study results are as follows. First, the analysis of time invested in private tutoring showed that the higher the grades, the greater were the amount of time invested in private tutoring in the case of Korean language study. On the other hand, the results showed that in the case of English and mathematics, the higher the grades, the lesser was the amount of time invested in private tutoring. Second, private tutoring and academic achievement were all in a linear relationship. Third, it was shown that the time invested in private tutoring and academic achievement exerted a negative influence on each other according to the passage of time.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 1995

Segmental intestinal dilatation is rare, which causes symptom of bowel obstruction and requires resection. The resection is not only diagnostic but also curative procedure. Recently, author experienced 2 cases of segmental dilatation of the ileum due to focal agenesis of the intestinal muscularis in 7 day & 4 day-old female neonates. The post operative recovery was excellant in the first case after resection of dilated ileum(15cm in length) and end to end anastomosis, and discharged at 20th day. But in the second case, the passage disturbance was not relieved after resection of dilated ileum (30cm in length), and author re-resected 80cm more of dilated proximal ileum at 2 weeks after the first operation. This baby discharged after diarrhea control with Loperin on 1 month after the second operation. Final histologic examination showed 1) normal population of ganglion cells in both narrowed & dilated ileum in both cases. 2) focal abscence of muscularis propria in both cases. 3) relative hypertrophy of inner circular muscle layer and thinned, multiple fragmented outer longitudinal muscle layer in case 2.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1995년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 서울대학교, 서울; 30 Sep. 1995
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• pp.99-107
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• 1995

The Phase-type(PH) distribution, defined as a distribution of the time until the absorption in a finite continuous-time Markov chain state with one absorbing state, has been widely used for various stochastic modelling. But great computational burdens often make us hesitate to apply PH methods. In this paper, we propose a seemingly efficient approximation method for phase type distributions. We first describe methods to bound the first passage time distribution in continuous-time Markov chains. Next, we adapt these bounding methods to approximate phase-tupe distributions. Numerical computation results are given to verify their efficiency.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.947-950
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• 1999

Tracheal neurilemoma, an extremely rare benign tracheal tumor that there has been only one case reported in 1996 throughout the nation, is a slowly progressing disease that obliterates the upper airway, delays diagnosis for its symptom similarity to asthma, and makes intubation for operation difficult. Bronchoscopic is therefore needed for diagnosis. There are two options for the treatment methods, a bronchoscopic resection or open surgical resection; however if intubation is difficult, then the bronchoscopic resection is used first to keep the airway open for the surgical resection. In this case, the severe tracheal stenosis impeding intubation made the surgical resection of the primary tracheal neurilemoma with extratracheal mass impossible; therefore, bronchoscopic laser resection was applied first to optain the airway passage for endotracheal intubation, followed by a successful open surgical resection.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1979년도 제13차 학술대회 연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.6.2-6
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• 1979

식도 및 기도이물은 응급을 요하는 경우가 많으므로 이비인후과 영역에서 중요한 질환으로 취급되어 왔고 이에 관하여 많은 문헌을 찾아볼 수 있다. 한가지 흥미로운 것은 문명의 발달과 생활양식의 변화에 따라서 오늘날의 식도 및 기도 이물의 종류와 발생빈도 등에서 도 변화를 보여 주고 있다는 점이다. 과거에 본 교실에서는 이러한 이물의 실태와 추이를 관찰하기 위해 이미 4차에 걸친 식도 및 기도이물 통계를 보고한 바 있거니와 이제 다시 제 5보로서 1973년 1월부터 1977년 12월까지만 5년간에 걸쳐서 체험한 186례의 이물을 대상으로 통계적 관찰을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 이물의 빈도는 식도에서는 주화가 가장 많고 금속첨, Disc, 골편 등의 순이였으며 기도에서는 땅콩과 곡물이 많았다. 2) 성별빈도는 식도에서는 남자가 56.4%, 여자가 43.6%로써 남녀의 차가 크지 않았으나 기도에서는 남자가 71.7%, 여자가 28.3%로 남자에서 많았다. 3)연령별 빈도는 식도 및 기도에서 다같이 10세 이하의 연령층에서 대부분을 차지하였다. 식도이물에 있어서 5세 이하 연령층에서는 주화 등을 우발적으로 오연함으로 인한 것이지 만 30대나 60대에서는 식도협착이나 치아손실로 인한 저작 불충분 때문에 육류 또는 식괴가 저류되는 점이 흥미롭다. 4) 부위별 빈도는 식도에서는 제 1협착부가 제일 많았으며 기도에서는 우측 기관지가 많았으나 좌측 기관지와의 차이는 적었다. 5) 이물의 잔류기간은 과반수 이상이 24시간 이내였다. 6) 주화의 종류로서는 10원주화가 67.0%로 제일 많았으나 100원 주화의 발생빈도가 점차 증가함을 보여 주었다.p<0.01)를 보였으나 수도평균치에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 6) 기니픽의 만성화농성중이염의 측두골 병리조직학적 병변의 검경상 만성염증성병소의 내이, 특히 와우침입로로서의 정원창의 병변이 뚜렷하여 이로 인한 외임파강내의 염증성병변이 뚜렷이 나타나 있으며 와우관의 특히 기저회전에서의 유모세포의 손실이 심한 것으로 보아 중이염으로 인한 골도의 고음역에서의 손실이 발생함을 알 수 있다.A group), vinclozolin, procymidone, tetradifon cypermethrin, 그리고 fenvalerate(B group)에서는 70% 이상의 회수율을 얻었고, 20%의 ethyl acetate/hexane을 사용하여 분석한 경우는 5%나 10%의 ethyl acetate/hexane을 사용하여 분석했을 때보다 좋은 결과를 나타내어 전체 16종의 농약 중 14종에서 75% 이상의 회수율을 얻었으나, alachlor와 bifenthrin은 매우 낮은 회수율을 보여서 ethyl acetate와 hexane의 혼합용매가 이들 두 농약성분의 분석에는 적합하지 않은 용출 용매임을 알 수 있었다.NO_2의$ 급성 중독증상으로서는 눈, 코를 강하게 자극하고 폐충혈, 폐수종, 기관지염, 폐염 등을 일으킨다. 만성 중독시에는 만성폐섬유와 및 폐수종을 일으킨다. (4) $오존(O_3)$ Ozone은 자동차 배기가스에서 나오는 $NO_2$ gas 및 탄화수소와 작용하여, PAN이라는 자극성 물질을 생성시키는 광학적 Smog의 주요소로 알려져 있다. 자극적인 냄새가 있음으로 불쾌감을 주고 비, 인후점막의 전조감과

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2004

An experimental study is conducted to investigate flow characteristics on a small axial-type turbine which is applied as the rotating part of air tools. It operates in a partial admission due to consumption restriction of the high pressure air. In this operating condition, it is necessary to understand flow characteristics for obtaining the high specific output power. Tested turbine consists of two stages and the mean radius of flow passage is less than 10mm. A 6 bar pressure air is used to operate the turbine. The experimental results show that flow angles depend on the measuring location along the circumferential direction, but its discrepancy is alleviated along the axial direction. Absolute flow velocities show three times difference according to the measuring location at the exit of the first rotor due to the partial admission, but they show similar value at the exit of the second rotor by the velocity diffusion. From the measured flow angles and velocities, a ratio of output power obtained by the first and second rotor is estimated. It shows that the output power obtained by the second rotor is about $11\%$ to that by the first rotor at 60,000 RPM. It is effective therefore to improve the first rotor for increasing the turbine output power.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1789-1802
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of non-obese MAFLD on the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways caused by high-temperature processed meals. It was decided to divide the eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats into three groups: the control group, the dry-fried soybeans (DFS) group, and the high-fat diet (HFD) group. Following the passage of twelve weeks, a series of physical, biochemical, histological, and microbiological examinations were carried out. There were distinct pathological abnormalities brought about by each diet. The DFS diet was found to cause the development of fatty liver and to demonstrate strong relationships between components of the gut microbiota, such as Akkermansia and Mucispirillum, and indices of liver health. Diet-induced changes in the gut microbiome have a significant impact on liver pathology in non-obese patients with metabolically altered liver disease (MAFLD), which suggests that dietary interventions that target gut microbiota could be used to manage or prevent the illness.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2004년도 International Conference on Digital Policy & Management
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• pp.55-73
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• 2004

The Internet is a wonderland that can be enjoyed by the young, old, and those in-between. It is also a vast commercial market where many contracts are formed every second. The Internet and E-Commerce have created new situations that have generated sweeping proposals for fundamental changes in contract law. During the first half of the 20th Century. when many businesses expanded their geographic scope, there was a tremendous desire for uniform treatment of contracts for the sale of goods throughout the U.S.A. and the whole world. That same dynamic is now occurring in E-Commerce. There is a general recognition of the desirability of uniform contract law to govern E-commerce, but to date that does not exist, though there are extensive proposals for reform of contract law on the Internet. E-Commerce is currently plagued by some of the same problems that led to the passage of the UCC. In the absence of uniform legislation, state-by-state differences are inevitable with respect to E-Commerce. State-by-state differences in E-Commerce contract law is widely viewed as undesirable. To deal with this problem, a number of uniform bills have been proposed including UCITA, UETA, and revisions to Article 2 of the UCC (Subpart B). The thrust of these uniform acts is to create legal parity between paper records and electronic records. There is considerable resistance by consumer groups to this parity and progress towards Passage of UCITA, UETA, and revised Article 2 has been slow. The UCITA covers licenses of computer software but does not cover the sale oil goods on the Internet. The scope of the UCITA includes computer software. multimedia interactive products, computer data and databases, and Internet and online information, The UETA deals comprehensively with E-Commerce and contract law. The UCC covers the sale of goods, which does not necessarily involve E-Commerce. The basic principles of contract law are modified to deal with Internet transactions. Intent is inferred from the operations of electronic agents and "signatures" can occur with a response to an invitation to click to accept.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2014

Purpose: Generally, rural housing in Korea have had target of people who are in good physical health rather than the disabled. Therefore, it is difficult to offer high quality residential environment for the elderly and the disabled. The purpose of this study is to propose the ways to promote ease and safety in the rural housing. Methods: This study evaluates the accidents, improvement factors, satisfactions, complaints by space of 153 rural housing in Taebaeksi. Results: This study divides the a rural house into 7 sectors : a passage to entrance, an entrance hall, a livingroom, a bedroom, a bathroom, a kitchen, and utility room. this study propose the following plan that rural housing to be barrier free space. First, in passage to entrance of the house, people with disabilities should not experience difficulties in walking, so installing ramps to remove the stepped slope grade without slip so that the floor finish should be. Second, entrance hall need more space to change and keep wheelchair. Third, switches and handle should be installed various height and form depend on the behavior of residents. Forth, install a drain to make no changes in level of bathroom. Implications: This research could be the basic data to renovate the rural housing.