• 제목/요약/키워드: first order line

검색결과 778건 처리시간 0.037초

한국 젊은이의 안면미 선호경향에 관한 연구 : 얼굴의 측모평가를 중심으로 (A STUDY ON THE FACIAL ESTHETIC PREFERENCES AMONG KOREAN YOUTHS: ASSESSMENT OF PROFILE PREFERENCES)

  • 송세진;최익찬
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.881-920
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    • 1992
  • This study was designed to assess profile preferences among Korean youths in the year 1992. Facial esthetics was evaluated by means of silhouette profiles, eliminating the influence of a number of aspects that may affect judgment when normal lateral photographs are used. The main points of preference to be clarified here are as follows. First, on facial convexity, Second, on nasion depth, Third, on mentolabial sulcus depth, Fourth, on the position of upper and lower lips, Fifth, on facial type according to Angle's classification of malocclusion, Sixth, on Song's tangents. The 54 subjects printed in questionnaire as black and white silhouettes were selected from 300 tracings from cephalometric radiographs of people whose age ranging from 11 to 20 years. Photographs of six female subjects were retouched by computer graphic software and printed in color and black/white photographs which were used for adaptation of eyes of participants in selecting profiles in silhouette. They constitute 2 questions. The 54 subjects were grouped as 22 questions, each of them composed of 6 subjects, according to the aspects to be clarified. Twenty four questions in total were asked to assess profile preferences. For the assessment, the profile line, the facial esthetic triangle, Song's tangents, and Angle's classification of malocclusion were introduced. The profile line is composed of 11 component points which are Trichion, Glabella, Nasion, Pronasale, Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion, Labrale inferius, Supramentale, Pogonion, and Gnathion. The facial esthetic triangle is composed of 3 tangents: A-tangent which is the tangent of dorsum of nose, B-tangent which is the line passing through Sn and Ls, and C-tangent which is drawn on the turning point of the curve which lies between mentolabial sulcus (Sm) and pogonion (Pg). Angle's classification has 3 types of malocclusion which are Class I, Class II, and Class III. Class II malocclusion is subdivided into Division 1 and Division 2. The participants of the survey were composed of 861 college students (448 male students, 413 female students) whose majors grouped as Fine Arts. Liberal Arts, and Natural Sciences, and whose mean age 21.8 years. The statistics program SPSS/PC + of SPSS Inc. was used to analyze answers of participants. Crosstabulation, Chi-square test, and Kendall test were done. The conclusions are as follows: First, Korean youths have a tendency to prefer the slightly convex face to the flat or concave face. Second, they prefer a moderately deep nasion. Third, they prefer a moderately deep mentolabial sulcus. Fourth, they prefer the position of lips which are near to Ricketts' E-line. The position of the upper lip which is slightly posterior to E-line is preferred. The upper lip which lies too far anterior or posterior to the lower lip is not perferred. Fifth, they prefer most, according to Angle's Classification of Malocclusion, Class I facial profile which has a slight inclination to Class II division 2. The order of preference is Class I, Class II division 2, Class III, and Class II division 1. Sixth, they prefer the type 2 and 3 of Song's tangents. The facial profile within which A-and B-tangent meet is preferred. The facial profile which has Cotangent that .meets with A-tangent slightly posterior to the crossing point of A-and B-tangent or that parallels with B-tangent is preferred.

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텍스트의 효율적 시각흐름을 위한 타이포그래피-한글을 중심으로- (Typography for Efficient Visual Flow of Text Focused on Hangul)

  • 신경주;김지현
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.187-196
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    • 1998
  • 시각적으로 부적절하고 부담스러운 요소 등을 감소시킬 필요성의 인식 하에 시각 흐름상 정보를 보다 효율적으로 파악할 수 있는 구체적이고 실증적인 방법을 제시하고자 정보의 기본적 전달 매개체인 텍스트를 대상으로 지면에서의 시각 흐름의 특징들과 이에 영향을 미치는 타이포그래피적 요인들을 살펴보고, 나아가 시각 흐름에 영향을 미치는 실제 요인들 중에서의 몇 가지를 추출하여 시각 흐름상 유의미한 차이가 있는지 실험으로써 검증하였다. 그 결과, 효율적인 글자 크기와 글줄 길이 간의 관계는 약 1:8의 비율을 보였다. 또한 지면에서의 텍스트 배열 중에서 글줄 길이에 상관없이 세로로 배열의 효율성이 가장 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 더욱이, 세로로 긴 텍스트의 경우에서 왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로 흐르는 층계 배열보다 세로 배열의 읽기 속도가 빠름을 볼 때, 컬럼 간의 실질적인 눈의 이동 거리를 좁히는 것보다 읽는 방향과 배열을 일치시키는 것이 더욱 효율적인 시각 흐름을 알 수 있다.

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Current Limiting Characteristics of a Flux-Lock Type SFCL for a Single-Line-to-Ground Fault

  • Oh, Geum-Kon;Jun, Hyung-Seok;Lee, Na-Young;Choi, Hyo-Sang;Nam, Gueng-Hyun
    • 조명전기설비학회논문지
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.70-77
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    • 2006
  • We have fabricated an integrated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL, which consists of an YBCO($YB_a2Cu_3O_7$) thin film and a flux-lock reactor wound around an iron core of each phase. In order to apply the SFCL in a real power system, fault analyses for the three-phase system are essential. The short-circuit currents were effectively limited by adjusting the numbers of winding of each secondary coil and their winding directions. The flux flow generated in the iron core cancelled out under the normal operation due to the parallel connection between primary and secondary windings. However, the flux-lock type SFCL with same iron core was operated just after the fault due to the flux generating in the iron core. To analyze the current limiting characteristics, the additive polarity winding was compared with the subtractive one in the flux lock reactor. Whenever a single line-to-ground fault occurred in any phase, the peak value of the line current of the fault phase in the additive polarity winding increased up to about 12.87 times during the first-half cycle. On the other hand, the peak value in the subtractive polarity winding increased up to about 34.07 times under the same conditions. This is because the current flow between the primary and the secondary windings changed to additive or subtractive status according to the winding direction. We confirmed that the current limiting behavior in the additive polarity winding was more effective for a single-line-to-ground fault

IKONOS 위성영상의 외부표정요소로부터 정합선 수립에 의한 DEM 생성 (DEM Generation by the Matching Line Using Exterior Orientation Parameters of the IKONOS Geo Imagery)

  • 이효성;안기원
    • 한국측량학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.367-376
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 IKONOS 위성영상의 메타자료와 지상기준점으로부터 라인변화에 따른 외부표정요소의 최적 다항식 모델을 결정하였다. 외부표정요소의 위치요소는 일차다항식, 회전요소는 상수항을 최적 다항식으로 결정하였다. 그리고 결정된 외부표정요소의 위치결정 정확도는 기존의 검증된 방법 즉, 최소제곱법에 의한 RPC 편의보정 방법과 비교하였다, 그 결과, 두 방법에 의한 정확도는 거의 차이가 없었다. 결정된 외부표정요소로부터 정합선을 수립한 후, 수치표고모델을 작성하여, RPC 편의보정 방법이 적용된 ERDAS IMAGINE에 의한 DEM과 비교 검토하였다. 그 결과로써, 제안방법과 ERDAS IMAGINE으로 작성한 수치표고모델의 높이차이는 허용 표준편차 범위 내에 존재하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제작한 수치표고모델은 기존의 검증된 방법과 유사한 결과 정확도를 나타냈다.

사이버공간의 특성과 의제 전개과정: 일반네티즌공간과 참여네티즌공간의 차이 (The Agenda-Setting Process in Cyberspace: The Difference between Open Cyberspace and Closed Cyberspace)

  • 박은희;이수영
    • 한국언론정보학보
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    • 제18권
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    • pp.99-130
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구는 '성수여중생폭력사건(2000년 4월 12일 발생)'을 계기로 갖게 된 관심, 즉 사이버공간이 우리 사회에 기여하는 부분 혹은 그 가능성은 무엇인지에 대한 관심에서 출발한다. 사이버공간 안에서 발의되는 수많은 의제들이 어떤 경우는 사라지고 어떤 경우는 큰 반향을 일으켜 매스미디어로 공간을 넓혀가기도 하는데 그 과정에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 무엇인지, 또 사이버공간에 매스미디어의 대안적 공간으로 자리잡기 위해서는 어떻게 활용되어야 하는지를 알아보고자 힘이 연구의 목적이다. 성수여중사건이 지니는 특징은 첫째, 의제 발의의 주체가 소시민이라는 것, 둘째, 사이버공간이 기존 주류미디어에 접근하기 어려운 개인의제를 매스미디어의제로 발의될 수 있도록 가교역할을 했으며, 셋째는 사이버공간 안에서 확산된 하나의 사건이 온라인은 물론 오프라인으로의 운동차원으로 그 영역을 급속히 확 대해 갔다는 점들이다. 연구결과를 통해 제안할 수 있는 것은 사이버공간이 전체 사회의 민주주의 발전에 기여하는 대안공간으로 작동하려면 사이버만으로 국한되지 않고 사이버공간과 매스미디어, 사이버공간과 오프라인 사이의 상호작용이 절대적으로 필요하다는 점이다.

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성인여성 저고리 패턴을 활용한 개선된 저고리 패턴설계연구 - 20대 여성용 저고리를 중심으로 - (A Study of Jeogori Design Pattern using the Pattern Analysis in the Books Entitled Hanbok Construction Focusing on the Women in 20's)

  • 김현주;장민정
    • 한국의상디자인학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2015
  • This study mainly analyzes that designing patterns of an adult women Jeogori that takes advantage of patterns from each textbooks and complements the disadvantages based on the analysis of data from the dress evaluation and comparison of materials. The modification of a size specification is needed for the standard body as an adjust of the length of Jogori between front and back, mediation for bust width between front and back, a movement for the based line of Sup and Godae. As a result, the suitable pattern according to the standard somatotype is as below. Jeogori Length of front is determined by the length of back which was measured from side neck point to bust point plus three centimeters, and give three and half centimeters more in front. This three and half centimeters is for the curved in front of your body due to the chest. Bust width of front and back have to show the differences of human body. Bust width of front is calculated as bust girth into quarters and add two centimeters. Bust width of back gives one centimeter behind the curve from the center line in order to reduce the floating phenomenon. So, the amount of center back line dart is one centimeter. Arm hole girth measures as dividing bust girth into four. Also, Goedae width has two methods to measure. First, divide bust girth into ten equal parts and subtract 0.5 centimeters from it. Second, measure neck girth and divide it by four. Sleeve length is equal to Hwajang minus bust width of front. Hand wrist calculates in using bust girth. Make bust girth into quarters and multiply three fifths. Side line measures as deducting from Jeogori length of back to Arm hole girth and multiply two thirds.

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바이크복 현황조사를 기반으로 한 출.퇴근용 바이크복 텍스타일 디자인 개발에 관한 연구 (Bicycle Wear Survey Based a Study on the Development of the Commute for Bike Wear Textile Design)

  • 이연순;엄지은
    • 한국의상디자인학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.179-190
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    • 2012
  • During recent few years, Bike is arising as one of the most important item of sports market. As well as in domestic markets, customers are demanding specific brands only for young aged riders. Therefore, this study researched current bike wears and suggest digital textile printing with sports wear trends which also have safety and visual impact effectiveness, so it can be satisfied as green products and we also try to suggest sports sensitivity of existing cycle wear to city fashion. The purpose of this study is to figure out 20's-30's female biker attitude for bike wear and their purchasing habits and also their preference, digital textile design of city biker wear based on present condition research of riding wear markets and to establish high quality products with occupying high percentage of global markets and making high profits. For this study, bike wear distributors Survey First, foreign companies generally meet evenly sampling the 20s and 30s targeted vendors 10 companies were selected. 'city sporty ware' or 'casual line' dual 'extreme line' from all manufacturers, including, however did not distinguish it from all the vendors. This higher proportion of the recent upsurge in public and non-professional riders, despite the fact that you can see that the lack of 'Extreme line' compared to the 'casual' line of the city sporty ware production. overall seasonal sales in the spring appeared windbreak jacket, leggings and sweat emissions and at the same time built into the fabric dry faster T-shirt and shorts in the summer sales were higher. autumn jacket and produced excellent warm in winter fleece fabric T-shirts, pants, windshield jacket higher sales. showed improvements in design, improved in the order of the highest and perfect for everyday wear for both. As mentioned, we figure out 20's-30's female rider's attitude for riding suit and their purchasing habits and also their preference, so we can develop riding suit design based on their needs and suggest new design patterns.

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종합병원의 병동부 기능공간 구성비율에 관한 연구 (A Study on the proportion of functional Areas in the ward of General Hospitals)

  • 권순정;주소현
    • 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2011
  • This study proposes proportions of functional areas in the ward of general hospitals, which are derived from 5 big university hospitals in order to establish the ward area standard for hospital design. The results of this paper are as follows. First, functional areas of hospital ward are composed of bedroom area, nursing area, training area, service area, and common area. Of course common area can be divided into first common area and secondary common area. The first common area(inter departmental common area) includes lobbies, elevator lobbies, corridors, restroom, and mechanical shafts. The secondary common area means the common area within special department such as ward or radiology department. Second, a standard method of calculating ward areas has been proposed: the standard is based on the center line of the wall between functional areas. Third, the proportions of 6 functional areas in ward are suggested.

서비스 질 향상을 위한 콜센터의 텔레마케터 교육 프로그램의 개발 (Development of a telemarketer education program in call centers for enhancing service quality)

  • 황의철
    • 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘텐츠학회 2006년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.99-102
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    • 2006
  • 콜센터는 고객과의 상호작용이 가장 많이 일어나는 고객접점으로 인식되고 있으며, 고객만족도를 향상시키고 고객 유지율을 증가시키는 활동을 하는 기업의 제 1 관문으로서의 그 역할이 증대되고 있다. 콜센터의 서비스 품질은 기업경쟁력의 척도로서 운영기법과 경영관리에 있어서 고객과 의사소통하는 최 일선의 접점으로서 그 중요성이 점차 확대되어가고 있다. 또한 고객의 요구수준에 맞추기 위해서 서비스 품질을 향상시키는 것이야말로 경영진과 텔레마케터 모두의 당면 과제이기도 하다. 텔레마케터 교육을 위한 교육과정은 아직 확립되거나 표준화되지 않은 상태에 있다. 비록 짧은 역사를 가지고 아직 학문적 체계가 미비한 상태이지만 가능한 빨리 이에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 교육프로그램들을 분석하고, 콜센터의 의견들을 반영한 콜센터의 정형화된 텔레마케터 교육 프로그램을 개발에 관해 기술한다.

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성인여성용 브래지어 원형 개발연구(제2보) -패턴그레이딩을 중심으로- (A Study on the Development of Basic Brassiere Pattern for Adult Women(Part II)-Focusing on Pattern Grading-)

  • 박은미;손희순
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.821-832
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to develop grading method of the basic brassiere patterns therewith, provide for 12 size's brassiere patterns and prove fitness of their's and shape. The collected data were statistically processed using the SAS 6.12 for Means, Standard Deviation, etc. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The basic sizes adopted at the first design stage (see fig.1-2) were 75AA, 75A and 75B each of which was designed as upper foundation basic pattern in reference to the cup size. At the second stage, each of the upper body foundation basic pattern was used to design lower cup, upper up, front panel and wing in their order(see fig.3-6). At the third stage, the other sizes were graded in reference to the three brassiere patterns (75AA, 75A and 75B) to produce 12 brassiere sizes(see Tab. 7-8). In order to develop the basic patterns of adult women's brassieres, 33 women were selected per 11 size combination(3 women per size combination), and then, their brassiere fitting was teated. As a result, the fronts of the basic patterns were found to have such problems as undone front center, poor levelling of upper cup's bottom line or lower cup's top line, poor shape of upper cup's outside top line and shoulder strip position. On the other hand, on the rear side of the basic patterns, the central part of the wing was slightly lifted, while the wing width and straps'interval did not befit the ful1-cup brassiere. The result of this first brassiere fitting test showed that the functionality and aesthetics of the basic pattern brassieres were more or less satisfactory, and thus, the problems were addressed for the second teat. In the second test, the aesthetics, breast-shaping effect and functionality of the basic pattern brassieres were much improved. 2. We were to present the final brassiere sizing system to extend the interior length of breast and the exterior length of breast on the basis of fitting test. Thereby, 75B$.$80A$.$80B$.$85A$.$85B's the interior lengths of breast were enlarged to 0.7cm, the rest size was enlarged to 0.5cm and the exterior length of breast was enlarged to 0.5cm regardless of sizes. 3. The upper foundation basic patterns of 75AA and 75B were presented and and the basic brassiere pattern and grading pattern were presented through to.