• 열처리공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2000

Demand for new nondestructive evaluations is growing to detect tensile crack growth behavior to predict long term performance of materials and structure in aggressive environments, especially when they are in non-visible area. Acoustic emission technique is well suited to these problems and has drawn a keen interests because of its dynamic detection ability, extreme sensitivity and location of growing defects. In this study, we investigated the strength of fire resistance steel for frame structure by tensile test after degradation treatment and analysed acoustic emission signals obtained from tensile test with time frequency analysis methods. In the T and TN specimens(under $600^{\circ}C$-10min ) consisting of ferrite and pearlite structure, most of acoustic emission events were produced near yield point, mainly due to the dislocation activities during the deformation. However, B specimen under $600^{\circ}C$-10min had a two peak which was attribute to the presence of martensite phase. The first peak is before yield point and the second after yield point. The sources of second acoustic emission peak were the debonding of martensite-martensite interface and the micro-cracking of brittle martensite phase. In $600^{\circ}C$-30min to $700^{\circ}C$-60min, many signals were observed before yield point and were decreased after yield point.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.333-348
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• 2017

Inspections of ancient metallic bridges have illustrated fatigue cracking in riveted connections. This paper presents a comparison between two alternative finite element (FE) models proposed to predict the fatigue strength of a single shear and single rivet connection. The first model is based on solid finite elements as well as on contact elements, to simulate contact between the components of the connection. The second model is built using shell finite elements in order to model the plates of the riveted connection. Fatigue life predictions are carried out for the shear splice, integrating both crack initiation and crack propagation lives, resulting from the two alternative FE models. Global fatigue results, taking into account several clamping stresses on rivet, are compared with available experimental results. Proposed comparisons between predictions and experimental data illustrated that the proposed two-stage model yields consistent results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.817-834
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• 2014

An experimental program was designed in the current work to examine the structural behavior of ferrocement beams reinforced with composite materials under three point loadings up to failure. The experimental program comprised casting and testing of twelve ferrocement beams having the dimensions of 120 mm width, 200 mm depth and 1600 mm length. The twelve beams were different in the type of reinforcements; steel bars, traditional wire meshes (welded and expanded wire meshes) and composite materials (fiberglass wire meshes and polypropylene wire meshes). The flexural performances of the all tested beams in terms of strength, ductility, cracking behavior and energy absorption were investigated. Also all the tested beams were simulated using ANSYS program. The results of the experimental tests concluded that the beam with fiber glass meshes gives the lowest first crack load and ultimate load. The ferrocement beam reinforced with four layers of welded wire meshes has better structural behavior than those beams reinforced with other types of wire meshes. Also the beams reinforced with metal wire meshes give smaller cracks width in comparing with those reinforced with non-metal wire meshes. Also the Finite Element (FE) simulations gave good results comparing with the experimental results.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2019

In 2017 Pohang Earthquake, a number of residential buildings with pilotis at their first level were severely damaged. In this study, the results of an analytical investigation on the seismic performance and structural damage of two bearing wall buildings with pilotis are presented. The vibration mode and lateral force-resisting mechanism of the buildings with vertical and plan irregularity were investigated through elastic analysis. Then, based on the investigations, methods of nonlinear modeling for walls and columns at the piloti level were proposed. By performing nonlinear static and dynamic analyses, structural damages of the walls and columns at the piloti level under 2017 Pohang Earthquake were predicted. The results show that the area and arrangement of walls in the piloti level significantly affected the seismic safety of the buildings. Initially, the lateral resistance of the piloti story was dominated mainly by the walls resisting in-plane shear. After shear cracking and yielding of the walls, the columns showing double-curvature flexural behavior contributed significantly to the residual strength and ductility.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2021

Even welds that have passed non-destructive testing in the case of brittle crack arrest steel materials will actually have very fine weld defects. Based on studies showing that these defects adversely affect the structure if subjected to a certain period of load, the following conclusions were obtained by conducting CTOD tests on welding joints of high-strength BCA materials, structures comprising the upper decks of a large container vessel. First of all, the fatigue pre-cracking in the weld metal and heat affected areas was tested and the behavior was identified. Both parts of the welding joint are allowable range for the class regulations. In addition, CTOD results showed that the CTOD value in the heat affected area was more than 0.5 times higher than in the weld metal area.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권5호
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• pp.575-589
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• 2022

In order to enhance the greenness in the strain-hardening composites and to reduce the high cost of typical polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC), an affordable strain-hardening composite with green binder content has been proposed. For optimizing the strain-hardening behavior of cementitious composites, this paper investigates the effects of polypropylene fibers on the first cracking strength, fracture properties, and micromechanical parameters of cementitious composites. For this purpose, digital image correlation (DIC) technique was utilized to monitor crack propagation. In addition, to have an in-depth understanding of fiber/matrix interaction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used. To understand the effect of fibers on the strain hardening behavior of cementitious composites, ten mixes were designed with the variables of fiber length and volume. To investigate the micromechanical parameters from fracture tests on notched beam specimens, a novel technique has been suggested. In this regard, mechanical and fracture tests were carried out, and the results have been discussed utilizing both fracture and micromechanical concepts. This study shows that the fiber length and volume have optimal values; therefore, using fibers without considering the optimal values has negative effects on the strain-hardening behavior of cementitious composites.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.809-820
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• 2008

니브 플레이트 길이가 1,500 mm인 새로운 실물크기 개량 더블티 슬래브를 제안, 설계하고 종국 휨강도까지 실험에 의하여 평가하였다. 이 슬래브는 기존의 PCI 더블티와 같은 티 (tee)단면과 새로이 개조된 플레이트단면으로 구성되어있으며, 긴장력은 티 (tee)단면 하부에만 적용되었다. 이 실험체는 국내 프리캐스트 공장에서 제작한 실험체이다. 휨실험에 의하여 티 (tee)단면이 종국 휨강도를 발휘할 때까지 개조된 댑단부를 포함한 니브 플레이트 단면의 안전성과 사용성을 평가하려 하였다. 하중을 가력할수록 초기 휨 균열들이 더블티 하단에서 발생하였고, 그 후 휨전단과 사인장 균열들은 댑단부와 니브 부분으로 증가하여 발생하였다. 제안한 개량 더블티 슬래브는 설계하중 이상의 휨 내력으로 고르게 분포된 많은 휨균열과 함께 연성 파괴되었다. 두께 250 mm의 니브 플레이트부분은 사용하중 하에서 어떠한 균열도 발생하지 않았고, 티 (tee)부분의 극한하중 하에서도 미소한 휨균열만 보여주었다. 제안하는 실험체는 이 실험에서 설계기준 조건을 만족시키는 강도와 연성거동을 보여주었다. 보다 효율적인 활용을 위하여, 니브 플레이트 두께와 인장철근을 감소시킬 수 있는 추가 실험이 제안하는 개량 댑 더블티에 대하여 요구된다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.796-805
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• 2020

연구목적: I형 강거더의 압축플랜지에 80MPa급의 고강도 콘크리트가 합성된 거더의 극한휨강도 평가를 위하여 정적재하시험을 수행하였다. 연구방법: 본 실험은 전단연결 상세가 다른 2종류의 실험체를 설계 및 제작하여 극한한계상태 도달까지 극한휨거동을 평가하였다. 또 실험 결과와 변형률적합법 결과 비교를 통해 극한강도를 평가하였다. 연구결과: 상대슬립 측정 결과 0.02mm 이내 변위를 확인함으로서 두 실험체가 완전결합을 담보한다는 것을 검증하였다. 따라서 전단상세의 차이는 강성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않으며 완전합성 된다면 극한한계상태까지의 거동에도 차이가 없다. 결론:실험 대상이 되는 거더는 사용하중이 탄성범위 내 있고, 허용처짐에 대한 사용성 요구조건을 충족시킨다. 따라서 케이싱 일부가 균열이 발생하는 수준의 인장력을 받더라도 철근의 역할로 인해 바닥판이 압축 파괴에 먼저 도달한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2022

When rock burst occurs, the damaged coal, rock and other fragments can be ejected to the roadway at a speed of up to 10 m/s. It is extremely harmful to personnel and mining equipment, and seriously affects the mining activities. In order to study the energy evolution characteristics, especially kinetic energy, in the process of rock mass failure, this paper first analyzes the energy changes of the rock in different stages under uniaxial compression. The formula of the kinetic energy of rock sample considering the energy from the indenter of the testing machine is obtained. Then, the uniaxial compression tests with different stiffness ratios of the indenter and rock sample are simulated by numerical simulation. The kinetic energy U_d, elastic strain energy U_e, friction energy U_f, total input energy U and surface energy U_θ of crack cracking are analyzed. The results show that: The stiffness ratio has influence on the peak strength, peak strain, U_d, U_e, U_θ, U_f and U of rock samples. The variation trends of strength, strain and energy with stiffness are different. And when the stiffness ratio increases to a certain value, if the stiffness of the indenter continues to increase, it will have no longer effect on the rock sample.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2001

Objective: To evaluate the biodurability of the covering material in retrievable metallic stents covered with polycarbonate polyurethane. Materials and Methods: Using a peristaltic pump at a constant rate of 1ml/min, bile was recirculated from a reservoir through a long tube containing four stents. Each of these was removed from the system every two weeks and a radial tensile strength test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Each stent, removed at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, was compared with a control stent not exposed to bile juice. Results: Gross examination showed that stents were intact at 2 weeks, but at 4, 6 and 8 weeks cracks were observed. The size of these increased gradually in accordance with the duration of exposure, and at 8 weeks several large holes in the polyurethane membrane were evident. With regard to radial tensile strength, extension and peak load at break were 84.47% and 10.030 N/mm, 54.90% and 6.769 N/mm, 16.55% and 2.452 N/mm, 11.21% and 1.373 N/mm at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy at 2 weeks revealed intermittent pitting and cracking, and examination at 4, 6 and 8 weeks showed that the size of these defects was gradually increasing. Conclusion: When the polyurethane membrane was exposed to bile, biodegradation was first observed at week two and increased gradually according to the duration of exposure.