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  • Title/Summary/Keyword: fire.explosion

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Prediction and Measurement of Flash Point and Fire Point of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (방향족탄화수소의 인화점과 연소점 측정 및 예측)

  • Ha Dong-Myeong;Han Jong-Geun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.9 no.3 s.28
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 2005
  • The flash points and the fire points are one of the most important combustible properties used to determine the potential for the fire and explosion hazards of flammable substances. In this study, the flash points of aromatic hydrocarbons, were measured by using Pensky-Martens Closed Cup apparatus(ASTM-D93) and Tag Open-Cup apparatus(ASTM D 1310-86). Also the fire points of aromatic hydrocarbons, were measured by using Tag Open-Cup apparatus. The measured flash points were in good agreement with reference values. The measured fire points compared with the estimated values based on 1.23 times stoichiometric concentration. The values calculated by the proposed equation were in agreement with measured values.

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Dynamic Response of Drill Floor to Fire Subsequent to Blowout

  • Kim, Teak-Keon;Kim, Seul-Kee;Lee, Jae-Myung
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.110-119
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    • 2020
  • Explosions and fires on offshore drilling units and process plants, which cause loss of life and environmental damage, have been studied extensively. However, research on drilling units increased only after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico. A major reason for explosions and fires on a drilling unit is blowout, which is caused by a failure to control the high temperatures and pressures upstream of the offshore underwater well. The area susceptible to explosion and fire due to blowout is the drill floor, which supports the main drilling system. Structural instability and collapse of the drill floor can threaten the structural integrity of the entire unit. This study simulates the behavior of fire subsequent to blowout and assesses the thermal load. A heat transfer structure analysis of the drill floor was carried out using the assessed thermal load, and the risk was noted. In order to maintain the structural integrity of the drill floor, passive fire protection of certain areas was recommended.

A Study on the Characteristics & Fire Hazard of Electric Range (전기레인지의 특성과 화재 위험성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jung-Il;Ha, Kag-Cheon;Kim, Ji-Myong
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.380-390
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: Recently, in addition to increase in the use of electric ranges, fires have also been increasing. Method: To find out the fire risk of induction and highlights range, looked at the structure and operation methods. Combustion tests, heat transfer tests, and ignition tests were performed on both types. Results: The highlight electric range burned the towel two minutes later, takes about 25 minutes for the residual heat to cool down after cooking, and the energy of the red color disappeared in three to four minutes and no sparks were seen. Conclusion: Experiments have shown that burn and fire hazards exist, especially if there is cracks in the top, there is a risk of fire and explosion.

Quantitative Risk Assessment for Gas-explosion at Buried Common Utility Tunnel (지하 매설 공동구 내부 가스 폭발에 대한 위험성 평가)

  • Jang, Yuri;Jung, Seungho
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2016
  • Keeping the gas pipelines in the common utility tunnel is useful because it has a lower risk of corrosion than conventional burial, and can prevent from excavating construction. But, explosions in common utility tunnels can cause greater damage from the blast overpressure compared to outdoor explosions, due to nature of the confined environment. Despite this fact, however, research on common utility tunnels has been limited to fire hazard and little has been studied on the dangers of explosions. This study developed scenarios of methane gas explosion caused by gas leak from gas piping within the common utility tunnel followed by unknown ignition; the study then calculated the extent of the impact of the explosion on the facilities above, and suggested the needs for designing additional safety measures. Two scenarios were selected per operating condition of safety devices and the consequence analysis was carried out with FLACS, one of the CFD tools for explosion simulation. The overpressures for all scenarios are substantial enough to completely destroy most of the buildings. In addition, we have provided additional measures to secure safety especially reducing incident frequency.

The Measurement of the Fire and Explosion Properties for 2-Methyl-1-butanol (2-Methyl-1-butanol의 화재 및 폭발 특성치의 측정)

  • Ha, Dong-Myeong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.8-14
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    • 2015
  • For the safe handling of 2-methyl-1-butanol being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of 2-methyl-1-butanol was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of 2-methyl-1-butanol was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of 2-methyl-1-butanol by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured 40C and 44C, respectively. The flash points of 2-methyl-1-butanol by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured 49C and 47C. The AIT of 2-methyl-1-butanol by ASTM 659E tester was measured as 335C. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point 40C was calculated as 1.30 Vol.%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

Dependence of Explosion Overpressure of Flammable Gas on the Change of Volume Blockage Ratio of Facilities (설비 혼잡도에 따른 가연성 증기운의 폭발과압의 변화)

  • Lee, Seung Kuk;Lee, Da Eun;Kim, Sung Chan;Yoon, Kee Bong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.54-61
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    • 2015
  • A series of CFD calculation has been conducted to investigate the effect of facility confinement on explosion power for process plant facility. The level of confinement of a facility was simplified with VBR(volume blockage ratio) and averaged size of obstacles. FLACS which is 3D CFD code of gas dispersion and the explosion was used for simulating the explosion phenomena in the idealized domain with different confinement level. The CFD results showed a tendency that the overpressure increases with increasing VBR and number of obstacles. The effect of VBR on the overpressure was relatively small for the case of number of obstacle less than 25. The results of this study can be used to provide a safety guideline considering the facility confinement in case of leakage accident of flammable gas and vapor in process plants.

Parametric Sensitivity Analysis and Damage Estimation for BLEVE and Fireball (BLEVE와 Fireball의 매개변수 민감도분석 및 피해 산정)

  • Kim Hyung Seok;Kim In Tae;Song Kwang Ho;Ko Jae Wook;Kim In Won
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.25-36
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    • 1998
  • Explosion and fires can occur in all segments of chemical and petroleum industries because of complexity of process, usage and storage of flammable and reactive chemicals, and operating conditions of high pressure and temperatures. Especially chemical plants have high possibility of the occurrence of BLEVE(Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion)and Fireball. In this study, a computer program was developed for the effect assessment of BLEVE and Fireball. BLEVE was analysed by three explosion models of physical explosion model, isothermal expansion model and adiabatic expansion model and Fireball using solid model. The parametric sensitivity analysis has been done for the models of BLEVE and Fireball. The damage by BLEVE and Fireball of Benzene and Toluene and m-Xylene were estimated.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Underwater Explosion for the Development of a Non-Explosive Test System (무폭약 시험 장치 개발을 위한 수중폭발 특성에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Hansol;Park, Kyudong;Na, Yangsub;Lee, Seunggyu;Pack, Kyunghoon;Chung, Hyun
    • Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.57 no.6
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    • pp.322-330
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    • 2020
  • This study deals with underwater explosion (UNDEX) characteristics of various non-explosive underwater shock sources for the development of non-explosive underwater shock testing devices. UNDEX can neutralize ships' structure and the equipment onboard causing serious damage to combat and survivability. The shock proof performance of naval ships has been for a long time studied through simulations, but full-scale Live Fire Test and Evaluation (LFT&E) using real explosives have been limited due to the high risk and cost. For this reason, many researches have been tried to develop full scale ship shock tests without using actual explosives. In this study, experiments were conducted to find the characteristics of the underwater shock waves from actual explosive and non-explosive shock sources such as the airbag inflators and Vaporizing Foil Actuator (VFA). In order to derive the empirical equation for the maximum pressure value of the underwater shock wave generated by the non-explosive impact source, repeated experiments were conducted according to the number and distance. In addition, a Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) technique, which is a frequency-based function, was used to compare the response of floating bodies generated by underwater shock waves from each explosion source. In order to compare the magnitude of the underwater shock waves generated by each explosion source, Keel Shock Factor (KSF), which is a measure for estimating the amount of shock experienced by a naval ship from an underwater explosionan, was used.

Hazards of decomposition and explosion for Tert-butylperoxymaleate (터셔리부틸퍼옥시말레이트의 분해 및 폭발 위험성)

  • Lee, Jung-Suk;Han, Ou-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.40-47
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    • 2021
  • In this study, hazards of decomposition and explosion for tert-butylperoxymaleate(TBPM), an organic peroxide, were evaluated by using various equipment to determine the cause of a fire explosion accident. As a result of DSC analysis, the instantaneous power density of TBPM was 26,401 kW/ml, and the NFPA reactive index(Nr) was classified as 4. And the positive value of EP(explosive propagation) and SS(shock sensitivity) showed that the TBPM had a potential hazard of explosion. From the experimental results, the shock sensitivity and friction sensitivity was rated as class 4 and 5, respectively. In the pressure vessel test, TBPM was ranked USA-PVT No.4 and evaluated as a self-reactive substance. In the combustion rate test, TBPM had the combustion rate of 167 mm/sec and was evaluated as the flammable solid classification 2 in GHS.

Study on Explosion Characteristics and Thermal Stability of Activated Carbon (활성탄의 폭발특성과 열안정성에 관한 연구)

  • Yi-Rac Choi;Dong-Hyun Seo;Ou-Sup Han;Hyo-Geun Cha
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.134-140
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    • 2023
  • Activated carbon is a carbonaceous material mainly used as a gaseous or liquid adsorbent. As fire-related accidents occur consistently due to the accumulation of heat of adsorption and oxidation of volatile organic compounds, the explosive characteristics and thermal stability of powdered and granular activated carbon made from coal and coconut shells were evaluated. As a result of the particle size analysis, the powdered activated carbon was in the particle size range (0.4~3) ㎛, and thermal properties such as exothermic onset temperature and decomposition behavior were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimetry and a thermogravimetric analysis. As a result of the evaluation of the explosion hazards for dust, both coal-based and coconut-based powdered activated carbon are classified as St1 class with weak explosion, but this is a relative and does not mean that the explosion hazards is absolutely low. Therefore, it is necessary to establish countermeasures for reducing the damage.