• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.251-254
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• 2003

To control the spread of surface fire in the rangelands and to check the entry of fire into forest systems from grassland patches, 26 evergreen / succulent species were selected and among them 3 shrubby species such as Berberis tintoria Lesch, Elaeagnus kologa Schlecht and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wt. were screened for vegetational fire breaks on the basis of leaf moisture content and some other ecological characters. The fire trail experiments indicate that crossing of fire was checked by the fire belt size of 5 ${\times}$ 1.5m for all the three species. However, due to higher fire retardant capacity, the Ire belt of R. tomentosa was effective in comparison to other two species.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2013

Socially, citizens' safety needs get higher, therefore support system of emergency vehicles is desperate as it is one of national services. For emergency vehicles, rapid departure and prompt field arrival are necessary. However, delay of departure occurs frequently due to traffic jam within a city so it makes citizens suffer from inappropriate service. Thus this study researched overseas examples in order to adduce solution of obstacles we have when passing through bridges and tunnel. In order to help emergency vehicles to move smoothly, a proposal of design and method for rapid support system was made.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.327-333
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• 2023

Existing studies on the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)-based CPS (Cyber Physical System) environment lack forest fire monitoring and forest fire reconnaissance using real-world UAVs. So, it is necessary to monitor forest fires early through CPS based on real-world UAVs with high reliability and resource management efficiency. In this paper presents an MFG (Misstion File Generater) that automatically generates a flight path of an UAV for forest fire monitoring in a CPS environment. MFG generates flight paths based on a hiking trail with a high fire probability due to a true story of an entrant. We have confirmed that the flight path generated by MFG can be applied to the UAV. Also, we have verified that the UAV flies according to the flight path generated by MFG in simulation, with a negligible error rate.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1415-1419
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal variation characteristics of phytoncide in trail of Ulsan Metropolitan. Air samples were collected from May to December 2011. They were collected using Tenax Ta tube and phytoncides were detected and quantified using a Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC/MSD). This study are summarized as follows; The seasonal concentrations of phytoncide are Munsu Mt. 272.3 ${\mu}g/m^3$, Samho Mt. 192.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$, Shinbul Mt. 50.9 ${\mu}g/m^3$, Sibli Bamboo forest 22.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and Joongbu Fire Station 24.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$. In Munsu Mt., Samho Mt. and Shinbul Mt. major component ratio is ${\alpha}$-Pinene > ${\beta}$-Pinene+Myrcene >Limonene >Camphene > ${\gamma}$-Terpinene > ${\alpha}$-Terpinene. Bamboo forest and Joongbu fire station major component ratio is ${\alpha}$-Pinene >Limonene > ${\beta}$-Pinene+Myrcene >Camphene > ${\alpha}$-Terpinene. The variation of seasonal concentration is summer >spring >fall >winter. The phytoncide concentration of coniferous forest(Munsu Mt., Samho Mt.) is higher than broadleaf forest(Shinbul Mt.).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2002

Lately a few of new ecological management policies have been developed and implemented to need objectives of national parks in effective ways. Examples include trail closing for preserving bears, no pets allowance for possible diesease expansion, and no fire in national parks. Such new policies can cause visitors and local residents inconvenience and dissatisfaction. Decision-making processes based on public participation became more important as a primary mean to decrease such undesirable reactions. This study examined conflicts between collective value and individual preference in process building an ecological management policy by analysis of questionnaire survey results. The subjects of the present study were 242 university students. The majority(93.%) accepted the need of public participation in decision-making processes, and the most important reason was that such processes can properly help decison makers understand what the public and local residents want(51.7%). They also answered that individual property right can be limited for preserving species but the limited right should be compensated by the government(93.0%). The great majority(97.1%) of respondents supported the trail closing policy designed to protect bears(Urus thibetanus) from being captured no matter what their personal preference is. On the contrary, more than half of the respondents answered that local residents should be allowed to gather herbs and plants even within national park area since they have been doing for a long time. The results of the present study seem to support major findings of some previous studies that it is critical for policy makers to encourage the public to consider issues under debate from the perspective of collective value rather than individual preference and provide them with necessary information and chances to discuss to each other in public participation processes.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.455-464
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• 2008

To provide network services consistently under various network failures, enterprise networks increasingly utilize path diversity through multi-homing. As a result, multi-homed non-transit autonomous systems become to surpass single-homed networks in number. In this paper, we address an inevitable problem that occurs when networks with multiple entry points deploy firewalls in their borders. The majority of today's firewalls use stateful inspection that exploits connection state for fine-grained control. However, stateful inspection has a topological restriction such that outgoing and incoming traffic of a connection should pass through a single firewall to execute desired packet filtering operation. Multi-homed networking environments suffer from this restriction and BGP policies provide only coarse control over communication paths. Due to these features and the characteristics of datagram routing, there exists a real possibility of asymmetric routing. This mismatch between the exit and entry firewalls for a connection causes connection establishment failures. In this paper, we formulate this phenomenon into a state-sharing problem among multiple fire walls under asymmetric routing condition. To solve this problem, we propose a stateful inspection protocol that requires very low processing and messaging overhead. Our protocol consists of the following two phases: 1) Generation of a TCP SYN cookie marked with the firewall identification number upon a SYN packet arrival, and 2) state sharing triggered by a SYN/ACK packet arrival in the absence of the trail of its initial SYN packet. We demonstrate that our protocol is scalable, robust, and simple enough to be deployed for high speed networks. It also transparently works under any client-server configurations. Last but not least, we present experimental results through a prototype implementation.