• 제목/요약/키워드: fire signatures

검색결과 6건 처리시간 0.018초

An Intelligent Fire Detection Algorithm for Fire Detector

  • Hong, Sung-Ho;Choi, Moon-Su
    • International Journal of Safety
    • /
    • 제11권1호
    • /
    • pp.6-10
    • /
    • 2012
  • This paper presents a study on the analysis for reducing the number of false alarms in fire detection system. In order to intelligent algorithm fuzzy logic is adopted in developing fire detection system to reduce false alarm. The intelligent fire detection algorithm compared and analyzed the fire and non-fire signatures measured in circuits simulating flame fire and smoldering fire. The algorithm has input variables obtained by fire experiment with K-type thermocouple and optical smoke sensor. Also triangular membership function is used for inference rules. And the antecedent part of inference rules consists of temperature and smoke density, and the consequent part consists of fire probability. A fire-experiment is conducted with paper, plastic, and n-heptane to simulate actual fire situation. The results show that the intelligent fire detection algorithm suggested in this study can more effectively discriminate signatures between fire and similar fire.

열.전류 감지기를 이용한 전기화재감지시스템 (Electrical Fire Detection System using Temperature and Current Detectors)

  • 김두현;김성철
    • 한국안전학회지
    • /
    • 제22권3호
    • /
    • pp.7-12
    • /
    • 2007
  • This paper presents the development of an electrical fire detection system using digital temperature and current detectors in order to sound for electrical fire in advance. As the demand for electricity is increasing and industrial facilities are getting more complex and larger in size, the losses of human life and property are on the increase by electrical fires. In order to prevent electrical fires, it is required to find out fire signatures, or electric signal of the overcurrent and overheating. Therefore, in this paper, developed is an electrical fire detection system based on the detection of signal for overcurrent and overheating to prevent electrical accidents in advance that happen in electrical wires. The developed system gives an alarm by computer monitor, speaker system and mobile phone before electrical fires occur and give severe damages to human beings and properties, and the system can be implemented and supplied for business and residental buildings at a low price. The usefulness and validity of the system, also, verified in this paper by case study and experiments.

An Intelligent Automatic Early Detection System of Forest Fire Smoke Signatures using Gaussian Mixture Model

  • Yoon, Seok-Hwan;Min, Joonyoung
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
    • /
    • 제9권4호
    • /
    • pp.621-632
    • /
    • 2013
  • The most important things for a forest fire detection system are the exact extraction of the smoke from image and being able to clearly distinguish the smoke from those with similar qualities, such as clouds and fog. This research presents an intelligent forest fire detection algorithm via image processing by using the Gaussian Mixture model (GMM), which can be applied to detect smoke at the earliest time possible in a forest. GMMs are usually addressed by making the model adaptive so that its parameters can track changing illuminations and by making the model more complex so that it can represent multimodal backgrounds more accurately for smoke plume segmentation in the forest. Also, in this paper, we suggest a way to classify the smoke plumes via a feature extraction using HSL(Hue, Saturation and Lightness or Luminanace) color space analysis.

고망간강의 함정 선체 적용 가능성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Applicability of High Manganese Steel to Naval Ship Hulls)

  • 신광호
    • 대한조선학회논문집
    • /
    • 제61권1호
    • /
    • pp.61-67
    • /
    • 2024
  • A naval mine is an effective weapon system implemented for defending defends ports and seas. A mine is an underwater weapon that poses a great threat to ships sailing over the sea from shallow areas. Most of the influence-type naval mines detect magnetic field signals from ships and determine the final time of fire. Therefore, the level of underwater electro-magnetic signatures of ships is a key requirement for determining the survival of ships in wartime situations where mines are emplaced. The main reason why the high manganese steel is attracting attention for naval ship hulls is its nature as a non-magnetic steel. The non-magnetic hull does not generate electro-magnetic signatures; thus, it has the advantage improving the stealth of the ship. In this paper, I examine whether this material can be applied in the hulls material of naval ships that must be ableto reduce underwater electro-magnetic signatures by considering the non-magnetic characteristics of the first developed high manganese steel in the world.

판축토성(版築土城) 축조기법(築造技法)의 이해(理解) - 풍납토성(風納土城) 축조기술(築造技術)을 중심(中心)으로 - (A Study on the Construction method of Stamped earthen wall)

  • 신희권
    • 헤리티지:역사와 과학
    • /
    • 제47권1호
    • /
    • pp.102-115
    • /
    • 2014
  • 판축법은 판으로 틀을 만들어 그 안에 흙이나 모래 등을 층층이 부어 다짐 방망이 등으로 찧어서 단단하게 쌓아 올리는 대표적인 고대 토목기법으로, 토성이나 건물 기단, 담장과 같은 시설을 축조하는 데 가장 보편적으로 이용되어 왔다. 이글의 목적은 풍납토성 축조에 이용된 다양한 기술의 분석을 통해 우리나라 판축토성의 축조 방법과 원리를 이해하는 데 있다. 토성을 축조하기 위해서는 먼저 정지작업을 실시하고 기초를 단단히 조성해야 한다. 점성이 강한 흙을 깔아 기저부를 형성하는데, 구덩이를 파고 다시 메꾸어서 기초를 다지는 기조의 원리가 이용된다. 때로는 지정목을 박거나 잡석을 깔아 기초를 다지기도 한다. 풍납토성은 중심토루의 안팎으로 여러 겹의 판괴를 비스듬하게 연접하여 축조한 것이 특징이다. 비록 고정주와 협판, 달구질 흔적 등의 뚜렷한 판축의 증거는 발견되지 않았지만 판축틀의 일부로 추정되는 목재가 결구된 상태로 발견되기도 하였다. 이 층에서는 판괴 내의 결합력을 높이고 수분을 유지하여 지내력을 증강시키기 위한 부엽층도 확인되었다. 중심토루 외벽에서는 역경사 판축법을 이용한 호성파도 관찰된다. 이밖에 성벽 축조를 마무리하면서 부석과 석축으로 전체 성벽의 유실 방지와 방수, 배수 등의 효과를 꾀하였다. 습기를 통제하거나 판축토 내의 수분을 제거하기 위한 목적으로 불다짐하기도 하였다. 아직까지 우리나라 고대 토성에서 판축의 정형을 찾았다고는 말할 수 없다. 그러나 풍납토성 등에서 확인된 판축의 증거들을 향후 발굴될 여러 유적들과 면밀히 비교 연구해 나가면 판축토성의 축조 방법과 원리를 밝히는데 큰 진전이 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Wearable Computers

  • Cho, Gil-Soo;Barfield, Woodrow;Baird, Kevin
    • 섬유기술과 산업
    • /
    • 제2권4호
    • /
    • pp.490-508
    • /
    • 1998
  • One of the latest fields of research in the area of output devices is tactual display devices [13,31]. These tactual or haptic devices allow the user to receive haptic feedback output from a variety of sources. This allows the user to actually feel virtual objects and manipulate them by touch. This is an emerging technology and will be instrumental in enhancing the realism of wearable augmented environments for certain applications. Tactual displays have previously been used for scientific visualization in virtual environments by chemists and engineers to improve perception and understanding of force fields and of world models populated with the impenetrable. In addition to tactual displays, the use of wearable audio displays that allow sound to be spatialized are being developed. With wearable computers, designers will soon be able to pair spatialized sound to virtual representations of objects when appropriate to make the wearable computer experience even more realistic to the user. Furthermore, as the number and complexity of wearable computing applications continues to grow, there will be increasing needs for systems that are faster, lighter, and have higher resolution displays. Better networking technology will also need to be developed to allow all users of wearable computers to have high bandwidth connections for real time information gathering and collaboration. In addition to the technology advances that make users need to wear computers in everyday life, there is also the desire to have users want to wear their computers. In order to do this, wearable computing needs to be unobtrusive and socially acceptable. By making wearables smaller and lighter, or actually embedding them in clothing, users can conceal them easily and wear them comfortably. The military is currently working on the development of the Personal Information Carrier (PIC) or digital dog tag. The PIC is a small electronic storage device containing medical information about the wearer. While old military dog tags contained only 5 lines of information, the digital tags may contain volumes of multi-media information including medical history, X-rays, and cardiograms. Using hand held devices in the field, medics would be able to call this information up in real time for better treatment. A fully functional transmittable device is still years off, but this technology once developed in the military, could be adapted tp civilian users and provide ant information, medical or otherwise, in a portable, not obstructive, and fashionable way. Another future device that could increase safety and well being of its users is the nose on-a-chip developed by the Oak Ridge National Lab in Tennessee. This tiny digital silicon chip about the size of a dime, is capable of 'smelling' natural gas leaks in stoves, heaters, and other appliances. It can also detect dangerous levels of carbon monoxide. This device can also be configured to notify the fire department when a leak is detected. This nose chip should be commercially available within 2 years, and is inexpensive, requires low power, and is very sensitive. Along with gas detection capabilities, this device may someday also be configured to detect smoke and other harmful gases. By embedding this chip into workers uniforms, name tags, etc., this could be a lifesaving computational accessory. In addition to the future safety technology soon to be available as accessories are devices that are for entertainment and security. The LCI computer group is developing a Smartpen, that electronically verifies a user's signature. With the increase in credit card use and the rise in forgeries, is the need for commercial industries to constantly verify signatures. This Smartpen writes like a normal pen but uses sensors to detect the motion of the pen as the user signs their name to authenticate the signature. This computational accessory should be available in 1999, and would bring increased peace of mind to consumers and vendors alike. In the entertainment domain, Panasonic is creating the first portable hand-held DVD player. This device weight less than 3 pounds and has a screen about 6' across. The color LCD has the same 16:9 aspect ratio of a cinema screen and supports a high resolution of 280,000 pixels and stereo sound. The player can play standard DVD movies and has a hour battery life for mobile use. To summarize, in this paper we presented concepts related to the design and use of wearable computers with extensions to smart spaces. For some time, researchers in telerobotics have used computer graphics to enhance remote scenes. Recent advances in augmented reality displays make it possible to enhance the user's local environment with 'information'. As shown in this paper, there are many application areas for this technology such as medicine, manufacturing, training, and recreation. Wearable computers allow a much closer association of information with the user. By embedding sensors in the wearable to allow it to see what the user sees, hear what the user hears, sense the user's physical state, and analyze what the user is typing, an intelligent agent may be able to analyze what the user is doing and try to predict the resources he will need next or in the near future. Using this information, the agent may download files, reserve communications bandwidth, post reminders, or automatically send updates to colleagues to help facilitate the user's daily interactions. This intelligent wearable computer would be able to act as a personal assistant, who is always around, knows the user's personal preferences and tastes, and tries to streamline interactions with the rest of the world.

  • PDF