• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
• /
• pp.392-403
• /
• 1997

There is a strong international move towards performance based fire regulations for buildings with New Zealand and Australia at the forefront of research in this fold. The reform of regulations is thought to offer more innovation and flexibility in building design and greater cost effectiveness in construction. An important part of the research in this area is related to the development of agreed approaches to fire safety design, such as the Fire Code Reform Centre's "Fire Engineering Guidelines" or New Zealand's "Fire Engineering Design Guide". Such design process documents have incorporated or referenced much of the latest research in areas such as: tenability criteria fire compartment models egress models risk assessment. Use of such design guidelines or equivalents in major projects in countries such as Hong Kong and Australia have highlighted where fro engineering can offer real benefits to building designers and ultimately building owners and operators. However, there is still much research to be done and use of a systematic, logical design approach clearly identifies where design data or modelling techniques are still urgently required. Such areas are: fire growth rates and peak heat release rates for non-residential occupancies pre-movement times related to egress experimental validation and limits of applicability of CFD and other compartment Ire models probability/reliability data on fire protection systems for risk based analysis. Examples from case studies will be shown where lack of such research and poor judgement can lead to inferior design solutions or where unnecessarily conservative designs can lead to cost excesses. In summary, the link between Ire engineering designers and the research community is very important to highlight areas of fire research that will have the most benefit to the building and construction industry.nstruction industry.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.2697-2704
• /
• 2011

Fire resistance of a floor of a railcar is prescribed in the "Guidelines of standard of railcar safety (Minister of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, 2010)". A floor of a railcar should retain its fire resistance for 15 or 20 minutes according its risk level. To evaluate fire resistance of the floor materials which are composed of ceramic board or aluminum foam with weight lightening, fire resistance of railcar floor is numerically analyzed.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.237-246
• /
• 2024

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of fire accidents in university libraries has posed significant threats to the safety of students' lives and property, alongside negative social impacts. Accurately analyzing the factors affecting evacuation during library fires and proposing optimized measures for safe evacuation is thus crucial. This paper utilizes a specific university library as a case study, simulating fire evacuation scenarios using the Pathfinder software, to assess and validate evacuation strategies and propose relevant optimizations. Pathfinder, developed by Thunderhead Engineering in the United States, is an intuitive and straightforward personnel emergency evacuation assessment system, offering advanced visualization interfaces and 3D animation effects. This study aims to construct evacuation models and perform simulation analysis for the selected university library using Pathfinder. The library's structural layout, people flow characteristics, and the nature of fire and smoke spread are considered in the analysis. Additionally, evacuation scenarios involving different fire outbreak locations and the status of emergency exits are examined. The findings underscore the importance of effective evacuation in fire situations, highlighting how environmental conditions, individual characteristics, and behavioral patterns significantly influence evacuation efficiency. Through these investigations, the study enhances understanding and optimization of evacuation strategies in fire scenarios, thereby improving safety and efficiency. The research not only provides concrete and practical guidelines for building design, management, and emergency response planning in libraries but also offers valuable insights for the design and management of effective evacuation systems in buildings, crucial for ensuring occupant safety and minimizing loss of life in potential hazard situations

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to suggest architectural planning guideline for the improvement of the evacuation environment in a ward. To suggest of guideline, the problem of irrational domestic criteria is searched according to compare National fire code (NFPA101, Life safety code) with Korea building law. This study includes stairs, corridors and exit door etc. but excludes fire facilities. To verify effectiveness of suggested guideline, egress simulation is run that based on databases according to literature survey. The results of this study could be summarized as follow: Suggested guidelines are subdivision(fire partition), evacuation by elevator, secure useful waiting space of elevator hall and smokeproof enclosures, the corridor is divided by fire or smoke barriers corridor from hazardous room, only wheeled items are arranged in corridors of a ward story. The result of computer simulation for suggested guidelines verify that egress time can be decreased 20% or above.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제51권7호
• /
• pp.1765-1775
• /
• 2019

Multiple spurious operations (MSOs) mean multiple fire induced circuit faults causing an undesired operation of one or more systems or components. The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) of the United States published NEI 00-01 as guidelines for solving MSOs. And this guideline includes MSO scenarios of pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR). Nuclear power plant operators in U.S. analyzed MSOs under MSO scenarios included in NEI 00-01 and operators of PWRs in Korea also analyzed MSOs under the scenarios of NEI 00-01. As there are no pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) in the United States, MSO scenarios of PHWRs are not included in the NEI 00-01 and any feasible scenarios have not been developed. This paper developed MSO scenarios which can be applied to PHWRs by reviewing the 63 MSO scenarios included in NEI 00-01. This study found that seven scenarios out of the 63 MSO scenarios can be applied and three more scenarios need to be developed.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.465-474
• /
• 2010

중규모 터널(연장 1 km 이내) 건설은 최근 매년 30% 이상의 증가율을 보이고 있으나 환기 및 방재시설 설치기준은 제정되어 있지 않은 상태라 장대터널을 대상으로 한 설치기준을 따르고 있다. 이에 따라 중규모터널 환기 및 방재시설의 최적화 노력이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 중규모 터널 내 20 MW 규모의 화재 시 발생하는 화재연 역류거리, 고온 열기류 확산범위, 가시거리 20 m 이하(상류) 구간분포, 임계풍속 확보여부, 대피시간 등을 CFD 분석을 통해 방재팬의 적정 초기 가동시간을 도출하여 방재시스템의 최적운전 방안의 제시를 목적으로 한다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.416-421
• /
• 2008

A growing number of larger and bigger tunnels are being constructed, along with the continuing enhancement of road design speed, thereby increasing the frequency of vehicles using tunnels. For such reasons, a fire in tunnels may lead to such situations. Gases and heat caused by fires are to be blamed for such disasters, as well as the development of vehicles leads to the construction of large tunnels. Therefore this study is to provide for the safety of public and rescue personnel in the event of a fire within the tunnel system. For these purpose, the tunnel system must be protected from collapse during a specified time period. This study introduced the role of ITA, it is to developed guidelines for techniques and materials to answer these structural requirements and make tunnels and their ancillary structures more resistant to fire damage.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2015

The live fire test has been playing a critical role in evaluating the goals-to-meet of the weapon systems which utilize the power of explosives. As such, the successful development of the test systems therein is quite important. The test systems development covers that of ranges and facilities including system-level key components such as mission control, instrumentation or observation, safety control, electric power, launch pad, and so on. In addition, proper operational guidelines are needed with well-trained test and operation personnel. The emerging weapon systems to be deployed in future battle field would thus have to be more precise and dynamic, smarter, thereby requiring more elaboration. Furthermore, the safety consideration is becoming more serious due to the ever-increasing power of explosives. In such a situation, development of live fire test systems seems to be challenging. The objective of the paper is on how to incorporate the safety and other requirements in the development. To achieve the goal, an architectural approach is adopted by utilizing both the system components relationship and safety requirement when advanced instrumentation technology needs to be developed and deteriorated components of the range are replaced. As an evaluation method, it is studied how the level of maturity of the test systems development can be assessed particularly with the safety requirement considered. Based on the concepts of both systems engineering and SoS (System-of-Systems) engineering process, an enhanced model for the system readiness level is proposed by incorporating safety. The maturity model proposed would be helpful in assessing the maturity of safety-critical systems development whereas the costing model would provide a guide on how the reasonable test resource allocation plan can be made, which is based on the live fire test scenario of future complex weapon systems such as SoS.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2023

Welding and cutting, which are representative tasks in handling firearms at industrial sites, are the basis for production and maintenance processes across all industries. They are also essential in the root industry. Specifically, they are widely used in the manufacturing industry, including equipment industries such as shipbuilding, automobiles, and chemicals, and subsequent maintenance work and general facility repair. However, such hot work carries a high fire risk owing to sparks scattering and inadequate management, resulting in a high occurrence of accidents. In response, the government and relevant organizations have recently revised the Occupational Safety and Health Act to prevent accidents during hot work. These revisions impose more stringent regulations than before, which are expected to help prevent actual fire accidents. However, whether the fire observer system, which is the core element of the revision, would be practically applied and maintained is unclear. Therefore, this study compared the fire observer system in the revised Occupational Safety and Health Act with those in the laws and systems of developed countries, conducted interviews with safety and health experts to assess the suitability of the new system for fire observer operations, and improvement plans were derived accordingly. Therefore, the laws and systems of developed countries grant more authority to fire observers compared with those of Korea. Moreover, professional training in handling emergency is required. Interviews with safety and health experts revealed that regardless of company size, the same operating standards were applied, and standards for deploying fire observers in various locations were unclear. Furthermore, there was a lack of professional education and training, and the role and authority of fire observers were limited. These findings revealed a problem in this sector. The results of this study are expected to serve as basic data for establishing a practical system for placing fire observers and supplementing laws, guidelines, and systems for preventing fire accidents.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.387-393
• /
• 2022

Background: Problem drinking is a perennial concern in the US fire service. A large literature has documented the importance of addressing alcohol norms in intervention research. The purpose of this study was to explore alcohol norms in a national cohort of firefighters (FFs) to inform intervention development in this occupational group. Methods: Data were from a national online survey of career and volunteer FFs (N = 674). Participants were recruited through national fire service listservs and a database of FFs who had agreed to be contacted for research. Results: When asked about "acceptable" levels of alcohol consumption, FFs on average suggested levels which exceeded public health guidelines. Further, approximately half of career and volunteer FFs believed that, at least under some circumstances, drinking until intoxicated was normative. When asked how long should elapse between a FFs last drink and reporting for duty, the average suggested lag was 11.2 hours (sd = 4.6). However, among male volunteer FFs who reported heavy drinking, the average was 6.68 hours (sd = 4.77). Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of heavy and binge drinking in the fire service, it is not surprising that the alcohol norms found in this study were consistent with a culture of drinking. Participants' reports of alcohol use among their peers were consistent with the actual prevalence of problem drinking. Thus, education and prevention efforts in this occupation should focus on changing norms about alcohol use, including linking heavy drinking to other health and safety issues they face.