• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

An accurate knowledge of the flash point is important in developing appropriate preventive and control measures in industrial fire protection. The lower flash points for the n-propanol+formic acid system were measured by Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus. This binary mixture exhibited MFPB (minimum flash point behavior), which leads to the minimum on the flash point vs composition curve. The Raoult's law and optimization method using Wilson equation were used to predict the lower flash points and were compared with experimental data. The calculated values based on the optimization method were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.70-74
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• 2013

The flash point is one of the most important physical properties to charaterize fire and explosion hazard of liquid solutions. The maximum flash point of liquid mixture is larger than those of the individual components. In this study, the flash points of 2-pentanol+acetic acid system were measured by Seta flash closed cup tester. This system exhibited the maximum flash point behavior. The flash points were estimated by the Raoult's law and the optimization methods using the van Laar and Wilson equations. The calculated values by optimization methods were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2015

The flash point is the major property to characterize fire and explosion hazard of liquid mixtures. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form a flammable air-vapor mixture. The flash points of two aqueous mixtures, water-methanol and water-ethanol, were measured using Seta flash closed cup tester. A prediction method based on activity coefficient models, Wilson and UNIQUAC equations, was used to calculate the flash point. The calculated flash points were compared to the results by the calculating method using Raoult's law. The calculated values based on activity coefficients models were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2016

This study investigates the main factors of fire prevention, such as spontaneous ignition and flash point, while using Diehylene Glycol (DEG) as the antifreeze for automobile and industrial machines. Our results show the flash point of $142^{\circ}C$ and the minimum ignition temperature of $388^{\circ}C$ in the range of $130{\mu}{\ell}{\sim}150{\mu}{\ell}$. By increasing temperature to ignite in 1 second, an instantaneous ignition temperature of the sample is $569^{\circ}C$ in the sample amount of $140{\mu}{\ell}$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.526-533
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• 1997

Reliability of fire protection systems is often discussed, written about, and even put into codes and standards. However, reliability is seldom considered for the fire protection system as a whole. Why does this happen and why should the designer consider the system as a whole\ulcorner Existing codes and standards incorporate the concept of reliability usually In the form of key component redundancy for some parts of a system. The "Fire Safety Concepts Tree" presented in the National Fire Protection Association Guide 550, Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts Tree, provides a starting point for considering the performance of a water based fire suppression system. Considering fire protection objectives for water based fire suppression systems, means of evaluating system reliability can be developed. This development requires identification of system components that are significant to the overall system reliability.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.218-227
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promotion behavior of fire officers in Korea. Methods: It was a descriptive study. The subjects were comprised of 104 fire officers by self-reported questionnaires from January to February 2012. The instruments used for this study were a health belief, self-efficacy and health promotion lifestyle profile II. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 14.0. Results: The scores of health promotion behavior of fire officers were 2.76 (on a 4-point scale) and of health belief were 2.98 (on a 4-point scale), followed by perceived benefits at 3.45, perceived seriousness at 3.02, perceived sensitiveness at 2.82, perceived barriers at 2.23, and self-efficacy at 3.04 (on a 4-point scale). The health promotion behavior was very closely correlated with the health belief (r=0.49, p<.001). In the sub region, perceived benefit was correlated (r=0.28 p=.005) and the perceived seriousness (r=0.38, p<.001), the perceived sensitiveness (r=0.36, p<.001), and self-efficacy (r=0.55, p<.001) were correlated. Two significant variables influencing health promotion behavior of fire officer were self-efficacy and perceived seriousness (explained 41.0%). Conclusion: It suggested that self-efficacy and perceived seriousness should be considered when developing a fire officers's health promoting program.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2014

Performance based design(PBD) is the method to make a fire safety design against them after predicting the factors of fire risk in a building. Therefore, predicting fire risk in a building is very important process in PBD. For predicting fire risk of a building, an engineer of PBD must consider various factors such as ignition location, ignition point, ignition source, first ignited item, second ignited item, flash over, the state of door and fire suppression system. But, it is difficult to trust fire safety capacity of the design because the process in Korea' PBD is unprofessional and unreasonable. This paper had surveyed some cases of PBD that had been made in Korea to find the problems of the process to predict fire risk. And it have proposed the improvements of process to predict fire risk of a building.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2012

Hazard of Biodiesel (BDF) was studied. Biodiesel is a name for a variety of ester-based fuel made from vegetable oils. Recently importance of biodiesel is increasing, and its fires were sometimes reported. Therefore we studied on hazard of biodiesel comparing (petroleum) diesel oil and vegetable oil, raw materials of biodiesel. We found that biodiesel is auto-oxidized easily and ignites, and its flash point decreases when even small amount of methanol exists. And there are various raw materials to manufacture biodiesel, so we studied the difference of these materials, and their aging on safety.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.303-307
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• 2007

This clinical experience reports the effect of wood and fire acupoints therapy on a hypertensive patient. Wood acupoint indicates Jing point in yin channel or Shu point in yang channel. Fire acupoint is Jing in yin channel or Jing in yang channel among the five acupoints of Jing, Xing, Shu, Jing and He. The patient was treated with indicated acupoints of 7 channels: lung, large intestine, spleen, pericardium, triple warmer, heart and liver, for 5 weeks. In case of necessity, another acupoints were added with wood and fire acupoints. After 5 weeks treatment, the blood pressure improved by 125/80 which is in normal level. This result suggests that wood and fire acupoints therapy is effective in the treatment of hypertension.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1980

To shield the radiation, we can make use of various materials, but the scattered rays can be caused by the shielding materials. The degree of the scattered rays production is influenced by the nature of the shielding materials and the energy of the radiation, therefore to choose the proper shielding material is the most important matter in radiation protection. Authors made an experimental study on the scattered rays generated from the shielding materials, and obtained the results as follows: 1. In the ranking of the scattered rays production: Cement bricks, black colored fire bricks, and red colored fire bricks were marked the first the second, and the third ranking respectly, and the last order was lead plates. 2. In the relative ranking of the scattered rays production by energy increase: Lead plates were marked the first order, the next and third order were red colored fire bricks and black colored fire bricks respectly, and cement bricks were marked the last order. 3. The scattered ray ratio of lateral-back point per lateral point were generally decreased by energy increment. The diminishing orders were that lead plates were the first order, and the next and the third order were red colored fire bricks and black colored fire bricks respectly, cement bricks were marked the last order.