• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2016

Understanding regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence is important to establish effective forest fire prevention policy in Korea. This study analyzed the characteristics of forest fires occurred in 16 administrative districts for recent 25 years (1990~2014) to examine regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence. Forest fire occurrence reflects regional characteristics depending on climatic factors as well as region's society-cultural factors. Results showed that the first cause of forest fire occurrence was carelessness by human activities throughout all administrative districts, however, the second cause depends on regional characteristics. As the results of forest fire occurrence period analyzed for 10 days, the most forest fires occurred in the southern region during January to March, while forest fires in the northern region occurred mostly during March to April. We classified forest fire occurrence patterns into three types (centralized: Gyeonggi-do, dispersal: Busan, horizontally distributed: Gyeongsangnam-do) by multi-temporal analysis for forest fire occurrence period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.129-141
• /
• 2019

In recent years, fast growing cities in Korea are showing signs of being vulnerable to more disasters as their population and facilities increase and intensify. In particular, fire is one of the most common disasters in Korea's cities, along with traffic accidents. Therefore, in this study, we analyze what type of factors affect the fire that threatens urban people. Fire data were acquired for 10 years, from 2007 to 2017, in Jinju, Korea. Spatial distribution pattern of fire occurrence in Jinju was assessed through the spatial autocorrelation analysis. First, spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out to grasp the spatial distribution pattern of fire occurrence in Jinju city. In addition, correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to confirm spatial dependency and abnormality among factors. Based on this, OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression analysis was performed using space weighting considering fire location and spatial location of each facility. As a result, First, LISA (Local Indicator of Spatial Association) analysis of the occurrence of fire in Jinju shows that the most central commercial area are fire department, industrial area, and residential area. Second, the OLS regression model was analyzed by applying spatial weighting, focusing on the most derived factors of multiple regression analysis, by integrating population and social variables and physical variables. As a result, the second kind of neighborhood living facility showed the highest correlation with the fire occurrence, followed by the following in the order of single house, sales facility, first type of neighborhood living facility, and number of households. The results of this study are expected to be useful for analyzing the fire occurrence factors of each facility in urban areas and establishing fire safety measures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.166-166
• /
• 2023

Compound hazards (CHs) are two or more extreme climate events combined which occur simultaneously in the same region at the same time. Compared to individual hazards, the combination of hazards that cause CHs can result in greater economic losses and deaths. While several extreme climate events have been recorded across Asia for the past decades, many studies have only focused on a single hazard. In this study, we assess the spatiotemporal pattern of dry compound hazards which includes drought, heatwave, fire and wind across Asia for the last 42 years (1980-2021) using the historical data from ERA5 Reanalysis dataset. We utilize a daily spatial data of each climate event to assess the occurrence of such compound hazards on a daily basis. Heatwave, fire and wind hazard occurrences are analyzed using daily percentile-based thresholds while a pre-defined threshold for SPI is applied for drought occurrence. Then, the occurrence of each type of compound hazard is taken from overlapping the map of daily occurrences of a single hazard. Lastly, a multivariate assessment are conducted to quantify the occurrence frequency, hotspots and trends of each type of compound hazard across Asia. By conducting a multivariate analysis of the occurrence of these compound hazards, we identify the relationships and interactions in dry compound hazards including droughts, heatwaves, fires, and winds, ultimately leading to better-informed decisions and strategies in the natural risk management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.85 no.1
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 1996

Preparing the era of forest resources management requires studies on forest fire. This study attempted to develop forest fire occurrence model using meteorological characteristics for the practical purposes of forecasting forest fire danger rate. To accomplish this goal, the relationships between forest fire occurrence and meteorological characteristics are estimated. In the process, the forest fire occurrence pattern of the study region(Taegu-Kyungpook) is categorized by employing qualification IV method. The study region was divided into three areas such as, Taegu, Andong and Pohang area. The meteorological variables emerged as affective to forest fire occurrence are relative humidity, longitude of sunshine, and duration of precipitation. To estimate the probability of forest fire danger, forest fire occurrence of three areas are regressed on the time series data of affective meteorological variables using logistic and probit model. The effectiveness of the models estimated are tested and showed acceptable degree of goodness. Those models developed would be helpful to increase the efficiency of forest fire management such as detection of forest fire occurrence and effective disposition of forest fire fight equipments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.3
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2010

Forest fire occurrence in Korea is highly related to human activities and its spatial distribution shows a strong spatial dependency with cluster pattern. In this study, we analyzed spatial distribution pattern of forest fire with point pattern analysis considering spatial dependency. Distributional pattern was derived from Ripley's K-function according to causes and distances. Spatially clustered intensity was found out using Kernel intensity estimation. As a result, forest fires in Korea show clustered pattern, although the degrees of clustering for each cause are different. Furthermore, spatial clustering pattern can be classified into two groups in terms of degrees of clustering and distance. The first group shows the national-wide cluster pattern related to the human activity near forests, such as human-induced accidental fire in mountain and field incineration. Another group shows localized cluster pattern which is clustered within a short distance. It is associated with the smoker fire, arson, accidental by children. The range of localized clustering was 30 km. Beyond of this range, the patterns of forest fire became random distribution gradually. Kernel intensity analysis showed that the latter group, which have localized cluster pattern, was occurred in near Seoul with high densed population.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.284-292
• /
• 2016

Background: In Ghana, fire incidents have become a regular occurrence, with thousands of lives and millions of dollars lost every year. Hardly a day passes without news of a fire outbreak in some part of Ghana, causing fear and panic among the people. This generates much discussion centering on rumors relating to politics, sabotage, misfortune, religious differences, etc. This article seeks to discuss the trend of fire incidents occurring in Ghana from 2000 to 2013 and the different ways to prevent these incidents. Methods: The pattern of fire incidence in Ghana as a whole as well as in each region is discussed. The study took into consideration the causes, mechanisms, as well as preventive measures against the fire menace. Data were obtained from the head office of Ghana's national fire service. Results: It was noticed that in general the rate of fire incidence increased each year. This increase was attributed to several factors: rate of population growth and industrialization, unstable electricity, urbanization, negligence, illegal electrical connection, etc. The cause of fire was categorized into domestic, industrial, vehicular, institutional, electrical, commercial, bush, and others. Among these causes, domestic fire accounted for 41% of the total number of fire incidents in the country. Conclusion: Finally, this study presents several recommendations to help prevent and mitigate fire incidents in Ghana.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2015

A suitable monitoring method is necessary for successful policy implementation and its evaluation, required for effective prevention of abnormal fire occurrences. To do this, there were studies for applying control charts of quality management to fire occurrence monitoring. As a result, it was proved that more fire occurs in winter and its trend moves yearly-basis with some patterns. Although it has trend, if we apply the same criteria for each time, inefficient overreacting fire prevention policy will be accomplished in winter, and deficient policy will be accomplished in summer. Thus, applying different control limits adaptively for each time would enable better forecasting and monitoring of fire occurrences. In this study, we treat fire occurrences as time series model and propose a method for configuring its coefficients with ARIMA model. Based on this, we expect to carry out advanced analysis of fire occurrences and reasonable implementation of prevention activities.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

In this paper, the writer attempts to clarify causes by general man and weather factor on forest fire occurrence in Kosong-Area, 1995-2001. The major results are summarized as follows: The forest fire at Kojin-ri, Sonyusil-ri and Majwa-ri occurred at the same area over 3 times and that Hakya-ri, Songdae-ri and Inhung-ri, at the adjoining land over 3times. In the total 46 times of forest fire, fire frequence was greatest in March(11 time) and April(11 time) followed by November(7 time), January(6 time), February(6 time). December(3 time), October(2 time). Hours on frequent forest fire are from 11:00 till 18:00. Number for forest fire occurrence by causes was greatest in military training followed by burning paddy fields, debris burning, burning agricultural debris, visiting a grave, cigarette and arson. Frequent forest fire in Kosong-Area coincide not only with above normal temperatures, but also with below normal relative humidity. When the strong winds appear at Kosong-Area, the properties of daily surface chart re the south high and north low pressure pattern in the Far East Asia.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2014

Diverse and complex facilities have been on the increase in urban areas in accordance with rapid urbanization. Along the lines of the increase in facilities, the risk of fire has increased. In particular, fire accidents as well as traffic accidents accounted for the highest rate in artificial disasters. Therefore, the National Fire Information Systems managed by the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) appeared for the effective fire management. The NEMA has provided the public with the Internet services regarding information about fire outbreak since 2007. This study acquired data from both NEMA and the Jinju City Fire Department. It constructed the fire data of Jinju City and calculated the change in spatial density targeting fire, occurred in Jinju city with a view to examining the fire risk of facilities by conducting a time series analysis on the trends of fire outbreak over a span of periods between 2007 and 2013. It also conducted an analysis of Moran's I, Getis-Ord Gi. Therefore, it came to select higher hot spots in terms of fire location and fire density. In addition, it attempted to calculate the levels of fire hazard by drawing up the matrix of personal injury and property damage, depending on facilities to present the methods, which can predict the risk of fire occurrence in urban areas.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2017

This study draws pattern differentiations of headache disorders on the ground of modern clinical applications and Korean medical literature. Categorization and symptoms of headache disorders are based on International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition(beta version). And clinical papers are searched in China Academic Journals(CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). In the aspect of eight principle pattern identification, primary headache occurs due to lots of yang qi and has more inner pattern rather than exterior pattern, heat pattern rather than cold pattern, excess pattern rather than deficiency pattern. And primary headache is related with liver in the aspect of visceral pattern identification and blood stasis, wind and phlegm are relevant mechanisms. Migraine without aura is associated with ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang, phlegm turbidity, sunken spleen qi, wind-heat, blood deficiency or yin deficiency. Migraine with aura is mainly related with wind and it's major mechanisms are ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang, liver fire, yin deficiency of liver and kidney, blood deficiency or liver depression and qi stagnation. High repetition rate of tension-type headache can be identified as heat pattern or excess pattern. And trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias can also be accepted as heat pattern or excess pattern when the occurrence frequency is high and is relevant to combined pattern with excess pattern of external contraction and deficiency pattern of internal damage based on facial symptoms by external contraction and nervous and anxious status by liver deficiency. This study can be expected to be Korean medical basis of clinical practice guidelines on headache by proposing pattern identifications corresponding to the western classifications of headache disorders.