Trend of Fire Outbreaks in Ghana and Ways to Prevent These Incidents |
Addai, Emmanuel K.
(Department of Plant Design and Process Safety, University of Magdeburg)
Tulashie, Samuel K. (Department of Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry Unit, University of Cape Coast) Annan, Joe-Steve (Sekondi Palm Lands) Yeboah, Isaac (Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)) |
1 | Barnett JR. Fire. Microsoft Student 2009 (DVD). Redmond (WA): Microsoft Corporation; 2008. |
2 | Ayarkwa J, Danso AK, Adinyira E. Incidence of domestic fire outbreaks in Ghana: causes and prevention. Ghana Surveyor 2010;4:1-13. |
3 | Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. Combustible dust [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2016 Mar 14]. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/dsg/combustibledust/index.html. |
4 | Addai EK, Gabel D, Krause U. Lower explosion limit of hybrid mixtures of burnable gas and dust. J Loss Prevent Process Ind 2015;36:497-504. DOI |
5 | Addai EK, Gabel D, Krause U. Explosion characteristics of three component hybrid mixtures. Process Saf Environ Protect 2015;9:72-81. |
6 | Addai EK, Gabel D, Krause U. Experimental investigation on the minimum ignition temperature of hybrid mixtures of dusts and gases or solvents. J Hazard Mater 2016;301:314-26. DOI |
7 | Nolan DP. Handbook of fire and explosion protection engineering principles. 3rd ed. Kidlington (UK): William Andrew; 2014. 496 p. |
8 | Swetnam TW. Fire history and climate change in giant sequoia groves. Science 1993;262:885-9. DOI |
9 | Sam-Okyere E. Infernos in our offices; demystifying the facts. The Chronicle. 2010 Feb 25; p. 3. |
10 | Gakpe BK, Mahama PY. Reportage of stories on fire outbreaks in Ghana: an analysis of the Daily Graphic and the Chronicle. New Media Mass Commun 2014;24:1-11. |
11 | Ghana National Fire Service Ghana National Fire Service Act, 1997 [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2014 Jan 6]. Available from: http://www.epa.gov.gh/ghanalex/acts/Acts/GHANA%20NATIONAL%20FIRE%20SERVICE%20ACT,1997.pdf. |
12 | Annan J-S, Addai EK, Tulashie SK. A call for action to improve occupational health and safety in Ghana and a critical look at the existing legal requirement and legislation. Saf Health Work 2015;6:146-50. DOI |
13 | Madrzykowski D. Fire dynamics: the science of fire fighting. Int Fire Service J Leadership Manage 2013;7:7-15. |
14 | Tulashie SK, Addai EK, Annan J-S. Exposure assessment, a preventive process in managing workplace safety and health, challenges in Ghana. Saf Sci 2016;84:210-5. DOI |
15 | Simpson DE. Fire protection and safety. A presentation of Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS). Ashanti Regional office at a Symposium of Building Technology Students Society (BTSS) Week celebration, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, 24-27 March 2010. |
16 | Anaglatey PB. Accra continues to record fire outbreaks. The Chronicle. 2013 Jul 30. |
17 | Boateng W. Electricity company of Ghana explains causes of fire outbreaks. Ghanaian Times. 2013 Jan 24. |
18 | Abu J. Smoking is number one cause of fire outbreak in Ghana. Ghana News Agency. 2013 March 18. |
19 | Twum-Barima LM. An assessment of the awareness of fire insurance in the informal sector: a case study of Kumasi central market in Ghana. Int J Hum Soc Sci Educ (IJHSSE) 2014;1:41-7. |
20 | Owusu-Ansah D. Population distribution. In: La Verle B, editor. A country study: Ghana. Library of Congress Federal Research Division; November 1994 [This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.]. |
21 | Ghana Statistical Service. 2010 Population & housing census. Summary report of final results [Internet]. Accra (Ghana): Ghana Statistical Service; 2012. Available from: http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf. |
22 | Sarpong AO. Fire risk vulnerability in informal settlements the case of Ashaiman. MS thesis. Accra (Ghana): University of Ghana; 2013. |
23 | Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC). Reducing fire threat to homes: piloting community-based fire risk assessment in Ban Hatsady Village. Safer Cities 2004;9. |
24 | Lamm W. Hydrant color codes and markings [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2015 Mar 31]. Available from: http://www.firehydrant.org/info/design07.html. |