• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.583-597
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• 2014

난방기기에 의한 화재는 다양한 난방기기의 종류처럼 그 원인도 다양하고. 매년 계속되는 전통재래시장에서의 난방기기에 의한 화재사고가 빈번히 발생하여 인명 및 재산상의 손실을 초래하고 있다. 일반주택이나 아파트 등 대부분의 주거시설은 난방용 보일러가 보급되어 난방기기로 인한 화재가 그리 많지 않으나 식당, 시장의 점포와 사무실, 체육관, 공장, 작업장 등에서는 여전히 석유난로, 전기난로 등 난방기기를 사용 하고 있어 화재의 위험성에 노출되어 있다. 또한 난방용 기기의 발생건수를 살펴보면 가정용보일러, 목탄난로, 석유난로, 가스난로/스토브, 전기스토브/히터 순으로 발생한 것으로 분석되었으며, 인명피해 별 건수는 가스난로/스토브, 석유난로 /곤로, 전기히터/스토브, 연탄/석탄난로 순으로 분석되었다. 또한 가스 및 석유관련 난방용기기가 발생빈도(frequency)는 낮지만 화재강도(intensity)가 높은 것으로 분석 되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 다중이용시설인 전통재래시장에서 아직도 많이 사용되고 있고, 실제 화재발생사례가 많은 석유난로와 전기스토브에 의한 발화 위험성 즉 최소발화온도, 탄화 정도와 그에 따른 열유속을 정상상태와 비정상상태 하에서의 가연물의 접촉 및 전도로 인한 화재 발생 가능성을 재연하여 검토해 봄으로서 보다 과학적인 화재조사 및 감식 접근방법을 강구하고자 하였다. 재연실험 결과 실험체 2종(석유난로/전기스토브) 모두 양호한 축열 조건이 만들어지지 않는 한 발화위험성은 극히 적은 것으로 나타났지만 탄화의 상태는 각 부위별로 진행되는 것으로 분석되었다. 결국 화재로의 전이는 축열에 의한 발화이므로 최소한 화재장소의 축열 온도조건이 $500^{\circ}C$ 이상일 때 발화되는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 전기스토브의 발열체인 석영관인 경우 가장 짧은 시간 내(10sec)에 $600^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도로 급 가열 되어 이때의 열유속은 6.26kW/m2으로 나타나 이는 보온된 PVC케이블이 손상과 함께 인체에는 2도 화상을 입히는 결과를 나타내는 것으로 분석 되었다. 아울러 온도 조건 이외에 거리변화에 따른 열량의 감소분을 나타내는 형태계수(Geometric View Factor)와 화재하중(Fire Load)에 따른 온도 변화도 고려되어야 할 중요한 변수임 알았다. 따라서 이에 관한 세심한 화재조사 및 감식의 매뉴얼이 있어야 할 것으로 사료되며 이러한 실험에 의한 과학적이고 합리적인 노력들이 향후 화재조사 및 감식에 대한 매뉴얼 작성과 이론적 토대를 세우는데 기여하기를 기대한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.3858-3869
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a hash-chain based friendly force identification protocol for personal combatants equipped with a personal combat system in a tactical wireless network. It is imperative in military operations to effectively and quickly identify friendly forces. If the identification of friendly forces is not correct, this can cause friendly fire. In current ground operations, the identification of friendly forces by personal combatants is neither secure nor safe. To address this issue, the proposed protocol uses a hash-chain to determine if a detected person is friendly. Only friendly forces with the same materials that are assigned before they deploy can construct an initial hash-chain. Moreover, the hash-chain is changed at specific times. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated on the assumption that the secret key is leaked, which is the worst scenario in the security research field. We verify that the proposed protocol is secure for the various attack scenarios, such as message replay attack, fabrication attack, and Denial of Service attack.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2020

Last year's Goseong-Sokcho forest fires have highlighted the limitations of extinguishing work for night-time forest fire and the importance of quick identification for information on the spread of forest fire. However, it is not easy to find services that take into account the characteristics of forest fires, as most existing disaster-related mobile applications and research assume various disaster situations rather than just forest fire situations. Therefore, a system that can provide information quickly is needed, taking into account the characteristics of forest fires and the limitations of extinguishing work. In this paper, we propose evacuation route guidance services that bypass areas where fire has already spread, supplement existing methods of extinguishing work, and provide general information on forest fire situations in real time, by putting drones into forest fire situations. It has been implemented to automate image analysis using the Rekognition service of Amazon Web Service (AWS), and the results of fire detection and the T Map API guide the evacuation path. It is expected that the results of this paper will allow efficient and rapid rescue and extinguishing work to be carried out, and further reduce the damage of human life caused by forest fires.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.883-891
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between each pattern identification such as Dampness-Phlegm, Fire-Heat, Deficiency of Qi, Deficiency of Yin and Blood Stagnation and blood lipid level in acute stroke patients. This study was done over patients hospitalized in 13 Oriental Medical Hospitals in the period of November 2006 to Jun 2009. Patients had been interviewed by residents and medical specialists who studied standard operation procedures in Fundamental Study for Syndrome of Oriental Medicine for Stroke. Study subjects consisted of group A that was distributed to specified pattern identification by medical specialist and discriminating program, group B that was distributed to specified pattern identification by medical specialist or discriminating program, and the control group that wasn't distributed to specified pattern identification by medical specialist and discriminating program. For the purpose of obtaining suitable result, we analyzed blood lipid level of each group by univariate analysis. In this study, there was not statistically significant relation between most of each pattern identification and blood lipid level except relation between Fire-Heat pattern group B and decreasing HDL cholesterol. Based on these results, it is suggested that Dampness-Phlegm would not be the independent predictors of hyperlipidemia unlike other studies that were presented in. More prospective studies between Fire-Heat and decreasing HDL cholesterol are to be done with more clinical data.

• 한국화재조사학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 담뱃불 화재 연소특성에 대한 사례분석, 대기 중에서 담뱃불이 연소되는 시간, 담뱃불이 연소될 때 온도측정, 훈소가 가능한 물질의 연소실험, 담뱃불 화재재현실험을 통해 담뱃불화재 특성을 파악하여 담뱃불화재 감식기법 도출하였다. 담뱃불에 의해 화재가 발생되기 위해서는 산소공급, 가연물 조건 등을 충족할 때 화재로 진전됨을 알 수 있었으며, 반대로 그런 조건이 부합되지 않을 때는 쉽게 화재로 전이되지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2020

This study analyzed how the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant of an apartment building affected identifying pressurized water in the pipe, making it easier to conduct internal inspection on the fire suppression system, and ensuring reliability of fire suppression. The following are the study's results: First, identifying pressurized water in the indoor firefighting pipe had a positive effect on the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. This implies that a higher level of identification of pressurized water in the indoor firefighting pipe had a positive impact on improving the installation and use of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. Second, making it easier for the fire safety officer to inspect the fire suppression system had a positive effect on the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. This suggests that if it becomes easier for the apartment building's stakeholder to conduct internal inspection or the firefighting facility manager to carry out inspection on the fire suppression system, it would have a positive effect on the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. Finally, ensuring reliability in fire suppression had a positive effect on the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. This implies that if it becomes easier to identify pressurized water in the indoor firefighting pipe, for the fire safety officer to conduct internal inspection, or for the firefighting facility manager to carry out inspection in accordance with the fire suppression system's internal inspection requirements, it would increase reliability in fire suppression, making it more necessary to install a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2011

In this study, species resistant to forest fire were extracted from high trees through an investigation of combustion mechanism. Here, the average flameless ignition temperatures of living leaves, branches and barks of oak were respectively, $365^{\circ}C$, $440^{\circ}C$ and $435^{\circ}C$, and the average flameless ignition temperatures of living leaves, branches, barks and cones of pine tree were respectively, $320^{\circ}C$, $405^{\circ}C$, $435^{\circ}C$ and $363^{\circ}C$. It shows that generally, pine tree has a lower flameless ignition temperature than oak and thus, has a relatively high risk of flameless ignition. When comparing risk of fire depending on ignition characteristics, Quercus serrata had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata had a low risk of crown fire, as well. When analysing risk of fire depending on a duration of flame, also, Quercus dentata had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus variabilis Blume had a low risk of crown fire too. Lastly, when comparing risk of fire, according to heat release rates, Quercus acutissima had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata had a low risk of crown fire, as well. In conclusion, it was observed that as fire-resistant species, Quercus serrata and Quercus dentata have a low risk of ignition, Quercus variabilis Blume has a short duration of flame after discharging ignition when a forest fire occurs, and Quercus acutissima, Pinus Rigida and Antipathes japonica Brook have low heat release rates.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

The urgent VAI method development is required since "The Act of Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency that is established in 2003" requires an evaluation of physical threats in nuclear facilities and an establishment of physical protection in Korea. The VAI methodology is developed to (1) make a sabotage model by reusing existing fire/flooding/pipe break PSA models, (2) calculate MCSs and TEPSs, (3) select the most cost-effective TEPS among many TEPSs, (4) determine the compartments in a selected TEPS as vital areas, and (5) provide protection measures to the vital areas. The developed VAI methodology contains four steps, (1) collecting the internal level 1 PSA model and information, (2) developing the fire/flood/pipe rupture model based on level 1 PSA model, (3) integrating the fire/flood/pipe rupture model into the sabotage model by JSTAR, and (4) calculating MCSs and TEPS. The VAT process is performed through the VIPEX that was developed in KAERI. This methodology serves as a guide to develop a sabotage model by using existing internal and external PSA models. When this methodology is used to identify the vital areas, it provides the most cost-effective method to save the VAI and physical protection costs.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2000

A simulation model is developed to analyze the large-structure driving system and its integrated behavior in the whole weapon system. It models every component in the driving system such as mechanical and electrical characteristics, and it is programmed by simulation language in a way which strongly reflects the system's real time dynamics and reduces computation time as well. A useful parameter identification method is proposed, and it is tuned on the given physical system. The model is validated through comparing to real test, and it is applied to analysis and prediction of integrated system functions relating to the fire control system.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2020

이 연구는 초고층건축물의 고층부에서 소방력의 공급의 효율성을 분석하고 이를 효율적으로 공급하는 방안을 제안하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 화재감지는 외부에서 경보·진동·음성 등 화재경보의 다양화, 화재발생지점의 명확화 및 건축물 외부에도 화재층 표시를 통해 소방력 공급시간을 단축할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 신호통신은 무선통신보조설비의 설치대상을 강화하고, 중계기 설치를 보완하며, 다중통신망을 구성할 것을 제안하였다. 셋째, 행동결정은 인접건축물에서 도하의 방법으로 진압대원 및 소방장비를 공급하고, 일정 층마다 파괴가 용이한 유리창을 설치하며 식별표시도 필요하다. 넷째, 현장대응은 활강과 수직구조기법을 적용하여 소방장비의 공급 및 진압대원의 진입을 돕고 드론을 이용하여 소방장비를 공급한다. 마지막으로 충분한 소화액 제공은 헬리콥터와 인접한 건축물을 이용하여 소방용수를 공급한다.