• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2010

The royal tombs of the Joseon dynasty are very important cultural heritage with the palaces and Jongmyo. They being promoted as World Heritage of UNESCO and are archaeological sites that need to complex approach. The purpose of this study is to propose the restoration plan of Gimpo Jangreung. The results are as follows: First, in the area of Gimpo Jangreung, there are many land-use except the royal tombs such as a military camp and industrial districts, Public Cemetery, they have to be removed and new routes have to be established same as the original form. Second, the traditional trees such as a pine tree, a fir tree, a big cone pine and a rhododendron etc. have to be planted in the traditional forest. We introduce upper trees and lower trees in the entrance part and religious service part, and pine tree forest in burial mound part and maintain the lawn. Third, the traditional buildings and facilities such as Hongsal-gate, Jaesil, Suragan, Subokbang and Uhjwong have to be restored maintained, and we planed some convinient facilities and rest facilities for visitors.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

In probabilistic seismic analysis of nonlinear structural system, dynamic analysis is performed to obtain the distribution of the response estimate using input ground motion time histories which correspond to a given seismic hazard level. This study investigates the differences in the distribution of the responses and the failure probability according to input ground motion models. Two types of input ground motion models are considered: real earthquake records scaled to specified intensity level and artificial input ground motion fitted to design response spectrum. Simulation results fir a nonlinear SDOF system demonstrate that the spectrum matched input ground motion produces larger failure probability than those of scaled input ground motion due to biased responses. Such tendency is more remarkable in the site of soft soil conditions. Analysis results show that such difference of failure probability is due to the conservative estimation of design response spectrum in the range of long period of ground motion.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1916-1923
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• 2007

We have studied to obtain the SAW filter for the passband was formed on the Langasite substrate and was evaporated by Aluminum-Copper alloy and thin we performed computer-simulated by simulator. We cm fabricate that the block weighted type IDT as an input transducer of the filter and the withdrawal weighted type IDT as an output transducer of the filter from the results of our computer-simulation. Also, we have performed to obtain the properly design conditions about phase shift of the SAW filter for WCDMA. We have employed that the number of pairs of the input and output IDT are 50 pairs and the thickness and the width of reflector are $5000\;{\AA}$ and $3.6{\mu}m$ respectively. And we have employed that the distances from the hot electrode to the reflector are $2.0{\mu}m$, $2.4{\mu}m$ and the distance from the hot electrode to the ground is $1.5{\mu}m$ respectively. Frequency response of the fabricated SAW filter has the property that the center frequency is about 190MHz and bandwidth at the 3dB is probably 7,8MHz. And we could obtain that return loss is less then -18dB, ripple characteristics is probably 3dB and triple transit echo is less then -25dB after when we have matched impedance.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.338-341
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• 2018

This study investigated the possibility of using pine tree sawdust in thinning-out tree as a substitute for poplar and douglas-fir tree sawdust in oyster mushroom cultivation. Mycelial growth was 10.8 cm in medium supplemented with 70% pine sawdust after 18 days of culture and 10.2 cm in control medium. Mycelial density showed high density with no significant difference between treatments. Fresh weight and diameter of fruiting bodies were slightly lower in medium supplemented with pine tree sawdust. The hardness of pine tree sawdust was slightly higher in the medium supplemented with 20% and 30% of pine tree sawdust. The L value showed a tendency to be higher in the pine added medium, but the a and b values d id not show any significant difference between the treatments. The yields of fruiting body were 157 g / 850 ml for the control and 170 g / 850 ml for the 40% added pine tree sawdust.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.701-707
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• 2021

In this study, we examined the sea surface temperature (SST), air temperature (AT), and their time lag in response to an extreme cold wave in 2018 and a weak cold wave in 2019, cross-correlating these to the northern wind direction frequency. The data used in this study include SST observations of seven ocean buoys Real-time Information System for Aquaculture Environment provided by the National Institute of Fisheries Science and automatic weather station AT near them recorded every hour; null data was interpolated. A finite impulse response filter was used to identify the appropriate data period. In the extreme cold wave in 2018, the seven locations indicated low SST caused by moving cold air through the northern wind direction. A warm cold wave in 2019, the locations showed that the AT data was similar to the normal AT data, but the SST data did not change notably. During the extreme cold wave of 2018, data showed a high correlation coefficient of about 0.7 and a time lag of about 14 hours between AT and SST; during the weak cold wave of 2019, the correlation coefficient was 0.44-0.67 and time lag about 20 hours between AT and SST. This research will contribute to rapid response to such climate phenomena while minimizing aquaculture damage.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.591-598
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• 2021

The digital phase-locked loops(DPLL) is a circuit used for phase synchronization and has been generally used in various fields such as communication and circuit fields. State estimators are used to design digital phase-locked loops, and infinite impulse response state estimators such as the well-known Kalman filter have been used. In general, the performance of the infinite impulse response state estimator-based digital phase-locked loop is excellent, but a sudden performance degradation may occur in unexpected situations such as inaccuracy of initial value, model error, and disturbance. In this paper, we propose a minimum variance finite impulse response filter with optimal horizon for designing a new digital phase-locked loop. A numerical method is introduced to obtain the measured value interval length, which is an important parameter of the proposed finite impulse response filter, and to obtain a gain, the covariance matrix of the error is set as a cost function, and a linear matrix inequality is used to minimize it. In order to verify the superiority and robustness of the proposed digital phase-locked loop, a simulation was performed for comparison and analysis with the existing method in a situation where noise information was inaccurate.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.212-235
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the location and the spatial composition of Uireung that is located in Seokgwan-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, in order to understand the landscape architectural characteristics. The results are as follows. First, Uireung is 6.4km from Changdeokgung Palace and 5.5km from Heunginjimun Gate. It did not violate the distance standard (40km) for the royal tombs according to Joseon Dynasty Neung-won Myo-je. Second, Uireung is in harmony with the nature and shows the authoritative characteristics of the royal authority through the spatial composition and rank(Entrance Area, Ceremonial Area, Burial Area). Third, there are burial mound, stone sheep, stone tiger, stone table, stone watch pillars in the upper platform, and stone civil official, stone horse, stone lantern in the middle platform, and stone military official, stone horse in the lower platform, and T-shape shrine, worship road in the ceremonial area. There is no pond and a tomb keeper residence, but the position, size, and form can be approximated through historical research materials. There are a colony of pine trees around the burial mound and 64 species of trees such as pine tree, zelcova tree, and fir tree below the burial mound.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2019

본 연구는 한라산국립공원 동사면에 위치한 구상나무숲 장기생태 모니터링 5ha 조사지역 ($20{\times}20m$, 125개 방형구)에서 구상나무의 유묘 및 치수 발생 현황을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 조사는 2016년 6~8월 사이에 $5{\times}5m$ 방형구 125곳에 대해 계통추출법을 적용하여 실시하였다. 조사한 전체 125개 방형구 중에서 54개에서만 유묘가 관찰되었으며, 그 내용은 유묘 615개체 및 치수 1개체로 총 616개체가 발견되었다. 그러나 과반수의 71개 방형구에서 치수뿐만 아니라 유묘도 출현하지 않았다. 심지어 전체 125개 방형구에서 유묘가 가장 많이 관찰된 방형구(2-6지역, 95개체)를 제외하면, 나머지 124개 방형구의 평균 유묘 개체수는 4.2개로 매우 적었고 높이도 35cm 이하에 불과했다. 이와 함께 장기생태 모니터링 조사 지역 내에서 $1{\times}1m$ 방형구 183곳에 대해 단순 무작위 추출법으로 발생지 조사를 수행하였다. 발생지 조사 결과 유묘 2,518개체, 치수 2개체 및 유목 2개체 등 총 2,522개체가 발견되어 계통추출법을 적용한 조사와 유사한 결과가 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 한라산국립공원 동사면 구상나무숲 내에서 구상나무 유묘의 발생은 어느 정도 이루어지고 있으나, 교란으로 인하여 치수로의 발달이 제한되는 것으로 판단된다. 여러 교란 요인 중에서 조사된 총 3,138개체 중 12.1%, 381개체에서 유제류인 노루에 의한 섭식이 확인되어 노루의 섭식이 유묘 발생 및 치수 발달에 교란을 야기하는 가장 중요한 요인으로 추정해볼 수 있다. 한반도 특산식물 구상나무의 보전 대책 수립을 위한 유묘 및 치수 교란 원인에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 진행되어야 한다고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.574-590
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• 2021

International efforts to prevent illegally logged wood are expanding around the world. The "Legal Wood Trade Promotion System" was enacted in Korea in 2019 to strengthen the legal import and distribution of commercial wood in Korea. Since then, this system has promoted and ensured that the imported wood and wood products are legal with respect to the country of origin, wood species, and harvested area. As verification methods, DNA analysis technology and anatomical analysis using a microscope are mainly used in conjunction. Therefore, in this study, wood species of plywood were identified by analyzing the anatomical characteristics of various wood products for the first time. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.) and larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere) plywoods (7, 9 ply) were obtained from four companies that supply plywood in Korea. After cutting each company's plywood to a size of about 1 cm³, the layers from top to bottom were separated into single layers, and three sections were observed using an optical microscope. The results revealed that the plywood was composed of a mixture of softwood and hardwood wood species, pine wood species, poplar wood species, or a mixture of larch and pine wood species. Identification of wood species using microscopy is important and can enable the scientific analysis and verification of various wood products, including plywood, imported from countries where the likelihood of indiscriminate distribution of illegal wood and illegal logging is high.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.408-423
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• 2021

We established and monitored survey sites in seven regions of Mt. Jiri to investigate population decline and change of the Korean fir (Abies koreana) over a ten-year period from 2009 to 2018. With the exception of one site (Seseok), the six remaining ones all showed a four-layer stratification structure. The importance value of Korean firs in all of the survey areas decreased significantly by 28.5%, from 55.7% in 2009 to 39.8% in 2018. The average population of objects with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5cm or more in all survey sites was 711 objects/ha in 2018, and the cumulative death rate from 2009 to 2018 was 10.8%. Among the death types, DS (dead standing) was the most dominant, comprising 82.4% of the total survey area. However, in Banyabong 1, which had a high gradient of 35°, the death types other than DS accounted for 44.2%. We estimate that A. koreana can maintain a stable population as its distribution type for each diameter class in the Saeseokpyeongjeon site showed a reverse-J shape. The average annual ring growth in all survey sites was 1.09 mm/year, with the most abundant growth observed in the Seseokpyeongjeon site, which was formed mainly by a subtree layer. The growth ring survey showed the estimated average age of A. koreana population in the Byeoksoryeong and Banyabong 1 sites to be 102 and 91 years, respectively, a general downward trend of vitality since 2013.