• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1782-1786
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• 2008

천안시 대기 입자 중 원소 성분의 분포 특성을 파악하기 위해, Cascade Impactor를 장착한 High Volume Air Sampler를 이용하여 대기 입자를 미세입자와 조대입자로 나누어 채취한 후, ICP를 이용하여 16개 원소의 농도를 측정하였다. 측정된 미세입자와 조대입자의 총 질량농도는 각각 평균 33.23, $20.66{\mu}g/m3$ 이었으며, 이 중 총 원소농도는 각각 1.27, $1.71{\mu}g/m3$으로, 전체 질량의 3.8%와 8.3%를 차지하여 조대입자에 원소성분이 상대적으로 많이 분포함을 나타냈다. 미세입자와 조대입자 모두 Fe, Al, Ti이 가장 높은 농도를 나나내는 원소였으며 Pb는 총 농도가 84.55ng/m3으로 국내 기준치를 만족하였다. Al을 기준원소로 분석한 Sc, Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sn, Pb의 농축계수가 미세입자에서 1,000이상을 나타냈는데, 이는 천안시 미세입자에 포함된 원소 성분의 주요 배출원이 인위적 배출원임을 시사한다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2006

A Monte Carlo simulation based on Potts model in a three dimensional lattice was studied to analyze and design microstructures in porous sintered compacts such as porosity, pore size, grain (particle) size and contiguity of grains. The effect of surface energy of particles and the content of additional fine particles to coarse particles on microstructure development were examined to obtain fundamentals for material design in porous materials. It has been found that the larger surface energy enhances sintering (necking) of particles and increases contiguity and surface energy does not change pore size and grain size. The addition of fine particles also enhances sintering of particles and increases contiguity, but it has an effect on increment of pore size and grain size. Such a simulation technique can give us important information or wisdom for design of porous materials, e.g., material system with high surface energy and fine particle audition are available for higher strength and larger porosity in porous sintered compacts with applications in an automobile.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2003

Recent epidemiologic studies revealed that the concentration of air pollutants and fine particulated matter have some effects on health status and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to characterize background mass concentration of fine particle (PM2.5) and metallic composition from September 2001 to August 2002 in comparison with a medium city, Asan and metropolitan city, Seoul. Conclusively, proper management for fine particles was required in a medium city, Asan, considering the concentrations of metallic elements in fine particles in Asan were relatively higher than those in Seoul. The results were as followed. 1. Average mass concentrations of fine particles in Asan and Seoul were 37.70(${\pm}18.41{\;}{\mu}g/\textrm{m}^3$) and 5.83(${\pm}38.50$) ${\mu}g/\textrm{m}^3$, respectively. When the weather conditions were classified as normal and yellow-sand, measured average mass concentrations of fine particles in yellow-sand weather condition was significantly higher than those of normal weather condition in both cities (p<0.05). 2. Depending on seasons, measured average mass concentrations of fine particles in Asan and Seoul in spring were 47.76(${\pm}19.07$) ${\mu}g/\textrm{m}^3$m and 61.53 (${\pm}4.37$) ${\mu}g/\textrm{m}^3$, respectively. In summer, the average mass concentrations of fine particles in Asan and Seoul were 29.44(${\pm}9.85$) ${\mu}g/\textrm{m}^3$ and 25.42(${\pm}8.10$) ${\mu}g/\textrm{m}^3$, respectively. Especially, the concentration was the highest in spring and the lowest in summer among four seasons. 3. Average concentrations of manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), chromium(Cr), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb) and silicon(Si) in fine particles in Asan were significantly higher in Seoul (p<0.05). Average concentration of Si in fine particle in Asan was statistically higher than that of Seoul during yellow -sand condition (p<0.05). 4. Considering the characterization of four seasons, average Pb concentration of fine particle in Asan is significantly higher than that of Seoul in spring(p<0.01). In summer, average Mn and Cr concentrations of fine particle in Asan is higher than those of Seoul (p<0.05). Average Mn, Fe. Cr and Si concentrations in fall (p<0.05), and average Mn, Fe, Cr, Pb, and Si concentrations in winter (p<0.05) in Asan were higher than those of Seoul, respectively. 5. Mass concentrations of each Mn, Fe, Cd and Si in fine particles were significantly correlated with both cities. In normal weather condition, Mn, Cu and Si concentrations are statistically significant in Asan, while Mn, Fe, Cu and Si concentrations are statistically significant in Seoul. Mn, Fe and Si concentrations in both cities were statistically significant during yellow-sand weather.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

최근 천연모래의 부족으로 부순 잔골재가 널리 사용되고 있다. 우리나라에서는 부순 잔골재 중의 0.08 mm 이하 미립분을 7% 이하로 제한하고 있으며 이는 ASTM의 규정과 유사한 것이나 그 외의 다른 나라의 규정과 비교할 때 상당히 엄격한 규정이다. 또한 부순 잔골재 중에는 파쇄 시에 발생하는 0.08 mm 이하 미립분을 20% 정도 포함하게 되며 물로 씻어내는 일도 용이하지 않을 뿐 아니라 자원이용의 극대화를 위해서도 잔입자량 한도의 상향 조정 가능 여부에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 그래서 이 연구에서는 0.08 mm 이하 미립분에 대한 특성 및 콘크리트 품질에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험을 실시하였으며, 비교를 위하여 실트 및 점성토 중의 미립분을 사용한 실험을 병행하였다. 미립분에 대해 실험한 결과 메틸렌블루 값은 부순 잔골재 중의 석분에 비하여 실트 및 점성토 중의 미립분에 대한 값이 보다 크게 나타났으며 또한 메틸렌블루 값은 packing density 및 액성한계, 소성한계와 높은 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 콘크리트 실험에서 동일한 슬럼프를 얻기 위한 고성능 감수제의 소요량은 미립분의 대체 사용량 증가에 따라 커지며, 메틸렌블루 값이 큰 미립분을 사용할 때 보다 크게 나타났다. 한편 부순 잔골재 중의 미립분을 20% 이내에서 대체 사용한 경우, 고성능감수제를 사용하여 반죽질기를 같게 한 콘크리트의 압축강도와 인장강도는 거의 변화가 없었으며 콘크리트의 건조수축량도 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 실트 및 점성토 중의 미립분을 대체 사용한 경우는 콘크리트의 강도가 현저히 저하하고 건조수축량도 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.334-344
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• 2023

Dregs from the sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) starch industry are considered a waste product of the agricultural industry and have not yet been optimally utilized. Therefore, this study aimed to manufacture particleboards from dregs using different amounts of adhesive and particle size ratios. Sugar palm dregs, which had been separated into fibers and powder/fine particles, were used as raw material for making particleboards. The fiber had an average length of 6.84 ± 3.23 cm, while the fine particles were of a size that passed through size 10 mesh and remained in size 60 mesh. Three ratios of fiber to fine particles (100:0, 75:25, and 50:50 wt%) with three different amounts of sucrose-citric acid adhesive (10, 15, and 20 wt%) were used in this study. Increasing the amount of fine particles and the resin content can improve the physical properties and the internal bond strength of boards made from sugar palm dregs. The fine particles possibly filled the gap between the fibers in the particleboard, while the fibers exhibited a high bending strength. As a result, a high-performance particleboard can be attained by combining the composition ratio of fiber/fine particles and resin content. In this study, particleboards made from fiber/fine particles (75:25 wt%) and adhesive content of 15 wt% and 20 wt% had the mechanical properties that met the requirements of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 type 18. Sugar palm dregs have the potential to be used as raw materials to create value-added particleboards.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2010

Inorganic ions and water are major components of ambient fine particles. Water content in fine particles is mainly determined by ambient meteorological conditions and the concentrations of hygroscopic species such as inorganic ions. Thus, to reduce fine particle mass concentration, it is important to accurately estimate the relationship between water content and the concentration of ions in fine particles. Water content in fine particles in Seoul are estimated by using a gas/particle equilibrium model to understand the characteristics of fine particle mass concentration. In addition, sensitivity of fine particle mass concentration to the changes of particulate ionic species (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) is estimated. It was found that water content in Seoul is mostly determined by the concentrations of the hygroscopic ionic species, especially, sulfate and ammonium, and ambient relative humidity.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2006

A charged droplet scrubber was introduced to remove visible smokes generated in many industrial facilities. Lab-scale and field tests were conducted in this study. The system consists of a corona discharger to effectively charge the fine particles, fellowed by an electrostatic chamber to promote coagulation between charged fine particles and oppositely charged droplets and a demister to remove resultant particles. Overall collection efficiency, 98.4% was obtained from a lab-scale test, when a high voltage was applied to an ionizer and a charged droplet scrubber. Field tests also show the high collection efficiencies, 93.5% with one stage and 99.4% with two stage system. This system can be used to increase the collection efficiency of the conventional air pollution control devices to satisfy the national emission standard.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.32-40
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• 1996

The tribological role of copper alloy fine particles in an additive is not well known compared to solid lubricants such as $MoS_{2}$ and PTFE. In this experimental investigation, a series of friction and wear test was undertaken to gain a better understanding of an additive containing copper alloy fine particles and to identify the effectiveness of copper alloy particles in improving tribological performance of the lubricant. Friction and wear of specimens under lubricated contact condition were studied and the worn surfaces were characterized by AES (Auger Electron Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and optical microscopy. It was revealed that a copper-contained layer was formed and this layer resulted in considerable reduction in both friction and wear due to its lubricity and anti-wear property. The analysis of worn surface revealed that copper of the fine alloy particles in the additive helps healing the worn surface by plating and filling wear pits.

• 에너지공학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1996

Typical size distribution of emission particulates is bi-modal in shape with particles in the fine mode (< 2.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$) and the coarse mode. An experimental study of pressure drop across the industrial gas cleaning filters has been conducted using particle mixture of fine alumina and coarse Arizona dusts with a rotating aerosol disperser to generate the bi-modal test aerosol. Pressure drop increased linearly with increasing mass loading. The pressure drop was found to be strongly dependent upon the mass ratio of fine to coarse particles. The smaller the mass ratio of fine to coarse particles and the higher face velocity are, the faster pressure drop rises. The fine particles and the greater inertia of the particle moving fast would cause a denser cake formation on the filter surface, resulting in a greater specific resistance to the gas flow.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2003

Numerous evidence have been reported that fine particulate matters can play an important role in threatening human health. Recently concerns on fine particle pollution from various engines may require re-examination of particulate emission standards. The particles emitted by most diesel engines are mainly divided into their size ranges such as Dp< 50 nm and 50 nm< Dp< 1,000 nm. In this work, the number concentration and the size distribution of fine particles emitted from an exhaust manifold of a railroad diesel engine were measured under load test conditions using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The fine particles observed were within the range of 7 to 304 nm under different load conditions with two different dilution ratios. The fine particles exhibited unique patterns showing bimodal shapes in size distribution.