• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.5-30
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• 2005

이 논문은 최근 보육정책의 환경 변화 과정에서 나타난 재정지원 방식 전환에 따른 논란을 이론적으로 재구조화한 글이다. 영유아보육법 개정, 보육업무의 여성부 이관, 그리고 저출산-고령화 문제의 국정과제 채택과 육아지원정책 방안의 발표 등 급속한 정책 환경의 변화 속에서 재정지원 방식에 대한 새로운 요구가 나타나고 있다. 이른바 시설별 지원 대 아동별 지원에 대한 논란은 곧, 공급측면의 재정지원 대 수요측면의 재정지원에 대한 논란이다. 본 논문은 양 주장의 특징을 분석하기 위해 글래너스터, OECD, 버챠드 모델 등을 소개하고, 그 중 현재의 논쟁을 가장 통합적으로 설명해 줄 수 있는 버차드의 모델을 중심으로 논쟁의 각 입장을 서비스 공급, 재정, 결정의 세 측면에서 분석하였다. 그리고 이것이 보육정책의 방향인 공공성과 서비스 질 향상과 어떠한 관련성이 있는지를 밝히면서, 재정지원 방식에 관한 논란을 이론적으로 재구조화하였다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.111-131
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to develop the lesson model for high school students to improve their abilities as consumer. In the method of the research, the contents on consumer education of the 8 kinds of Home Economics textbooks are reconstructed into the areas of decision-making, financing, reasonable purchasing, and consumer citizenship. The consumer’s ability to be developed in the areas of decision-making, financing, reasonable purchasing, and consumer citizenship is set up as follows： 1) The establishment of the sound consumer morality and values, the ability of independent decision-making, the critical ability, and the problem-solving ability. 2) The ability of research on social, cultural and economic values, and the ability to estimate one’s own short-term and long-term life plan. 3) The ability of reasonable purchase. 4) The ability to participate in a consumer movement, and the ability to take good care of environment. Subsequently, 9 lesson models for the student to improve the consumer’ability are developed.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2011

Paris has one of the world's oldest metropolitan railway systems and was also a pioneer when it introduced the RER in the 70s. With planning objectives comparable to the GTX, the RER aimed at serving outer suburbs while fully crossing the city center at higher speeds than the Metro. Maybe more relevant is the comparison between the planned Grand Paris Express and GTX projects, in terms of their planning ambitions and their development framework. This article will introduce the main planning ideas behind the Metro and the RER in Paris, and try to draw relevant comparisons with the GTX plan. It will also present the plans and financing framework for the Grand Paris Express and compare it with the BTO scheme contemplated for GTX, and draw some recommendations for successful implementation.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 2부
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• pp.103-108
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze of the risk factors for oversea plants construction projects. For this study, risk factors data from related literature review, research organization and construction company was researched and classified under each EPC phases. In addition, a questionnaire survey by plant experts was conducted for analysis of risk weight and costs and time impact on each EPC phases. The results of this study are as follows: First, a detail design errors(engineering phase), a equipment procurement plan(procurement phase), and exchange rate fluctuations(construction phase) were analyzed the highest weight factors. Second, a financing plan(engineering phase), quantity take-off bill(procurement phase), and exchange rate fluctuations(construction phase) were analyzed the highest cost impact factors. Third, detail design errors(engineering phase), a equipment procurement plan(procurement phase), and schedule management errors(construction phase) were analyzed the highest time impact factors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Objectives: One of the main objectives of the Targeted Subsidies Law (TSL) in Iran was to improve equity in healthcare financing. This study aimed at measuring the effects of the TSL, which was implemented in Iran in 2010, on equity in healthcare financing. Methods: Segmented regression analysis was applied to assess the effects of TSL implementation on the Gini and Kakwani indices of outcome variables in Iranian households. Data for the years 1977-2014 were retrieved from formal databases. Changes in the levels and trends of the outcome variables before and after TSL implementation were assessed using Stata version 13. Results: In the 33 years before the implementation of the TSL, the Gini index decreased from 0.401 to 0.381. The Gini index and its intercept significantly decreased to 0.362 (p<0.001) 5 years after the implementation of the TSL. There was no statistically significant change in the gross domestic product or inflation rate after TSL implementation. The Kakwani index significantly increased from -0.020 to 0.007 (p<0.001) before the implementation of the TSL, while we observed no statistically significant change (p=0.81) in the Kakwani index after TSL implementation. Conclusions: The TSL reform, which was introduced as part of an economic development plan in Iran in 2010, led to a significant reduction in households' income inequality. However, the TSL did not significantly affect equity in healthcare financing. Hence, while measuring the long-term impact of TSL is paramount, healthcare decision-makers need to consider the efficacy of the TSL in order to develop plans for achieving the desired equity in healthcare financing.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2011

Currently, the environmental improvement project in residential building in Korea is focused on financing. To solve the variety of problems in urban residential areas, the plan need to apply more elements to improve sustainability. Thus, this study aims to find the main strategies to amend sustainability of the environmental improvement project in residential building. To do this, firstly I reviewed previous studies of sustainablity. Secondly I surveyed the planning elements of the three cases in Boksu-Dong District2, Daeseong-Dong District2, and Samsung-Dong District1 in Daejeon. Lastly I used the AHP analysis method and the 5-point Likert-type questionnaire of judged the importance among the plan elements with experts on urban regeneration of which is found through the previous literature review. In conclusion, this study shows the problems of the Residential Environment Improvement Project. Also, I found out the priority of the main planning elements to improve the problems. By contrasting the relative importance among the plan elements with the case study, the result of this study implies the directions of strategies which include the plan elements for responding climate change, residents' participation, and financial support program and system to improve the status of the environmental improvement project in residential building.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2008년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.491-496
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• 2008

최근 부동산 경기 침체에도 불구하고, 부동산 PF(Project Financing)시장은 대규모 프로젝트를 수주하기 위한 경쟁이 매우 치열하다. 부동산 PF사업은 사업성공 시 높은 수익률을 보장하지만, 사업초기단계부터 사업을 위협하는 많은 리스크가 존재한다. 부동산 PF사업 리스크에는 금융리스크, 건설리스크, 법적리스크, 기타리스크가 있으며, 각 항목별 발생 가능한 리스크 요인을 파악 후, 각 요인에 따른 관리 방안을 강구해야 한다. 본 연구는 각 항목별 리스크 요인을 도출하기 위해서 부동산 PF 사업에 참여하는 시행사, 건설회사, 금융기관의 실무자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 각 요인에 따른 리스크 관리 방안을 제시하였다. 주요 관리 방안은 사업의 적정수익률 확보와 차입금 상환에 대한 조치이고, 사례연구를 통해 주요 관리 방안의 적합성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 리스크 요인과 관리방안은 부동산 PF 사업 수행 시 발생하는 리스크를 관리하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2013

There is a rental housing policy in Korea to support low income citizen. However, the living condition of tenants through this rental program is not work for improving, unlike the initial purpose of providing rental housings. Rental housings, which were planned to improve the residential welfare and enhance self-reliance ability of low income groups and the elderly. It's not effective any more in terms of policy purpose. To solve this problem, plans are needed to support for the construction by Farm-Housing(FH) so that the residents of can support their self-reliance by promoting creating jobs and cooperation. This paper analyze and propose some solution in terms of legal system, financing and streamlining of planing process and permission to support FH program. The paper focus purpose to help identify a new area through such proposals and retain a power of leading technology by bridging the gap between the realistic aspect and ideal aspect.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2011

This paper is focused on the sustainability of public rental housing policy. We have analyzed the general fiscal conditions of central government, the public welfare fiscal conditions, the public expenditure on rental housing, and the Korea Land & Housing Corporation (LH) financial structure. Central government fiscal conditions is controlled by the midium-term fiscal operation plan(2010~2014) and fiscal rules. And the fiscal mandatory expenditures on welfare is increased rapidly by the expansion of beneficiaries, but the fiscal discretionary expenditures particularly on public rental housing can be gradually cut down. LH, the dominant agency responsible for affordable housing, is now confronted with financial distress accruing to excessive burden for public rental housing construction. As a result this paper, we find the discrepancy between the fiscal conditons and public rental housing policies. We suggest the fiscally sustainable rental housing policy. Firstly, the construction plan should be realized reflecting the market and fiscal conditions. Secondly, the provsion and financing system of rental housing should be rebuild within the government fiscal condtions and financial ability of LH.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.27-56
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• 2006

Today's financial institutions usually take environmental issues seriously into consideration as they could not evade lender liability in an increasing number of cases. On the international scene, a brand-new concept of the "Equator Principles" in the New Millenium has driven more and more international banks to adopt these Principles in project financing. Sustainable development has been a key word in understanding new trends of the governments, financial institutions, corporations and civic groups in the 21st century. The Equator Principles are a set of voluntary environmental and social guidelines for sustainable finance. These Principles commit bank officers to avoid financial support to projects that fail to meet these guidelines. The Principles were conceived in 2002 on an initiative of the International Finance Corporation(IFC), and launched in June 2003. Since then, dozens of major banks, accounting for up to 80 percent of project loan market, have adopted the Principles. Accordingly, the Principles have become the de facto standard for all banks and investors on how to deal with potential social and environmental issues of projects to be financed. Compliance with the Equator Principles facilitates for endorsing banks to participate in the syndicated loan and help them to manage the risks associated with large-scale projects. The Equator Principles call for financial institutions to provide loans to projects under the following circumstances: - The risk of the project is categorized in accordance with internal guidelines based upon the environmental and social screening criteria of the IFC. - For Category A and B projects, borrowers or sponsors are required to conduct a Social and Environmental Assessment, the preparation of which must meet certain requirements and satisfactorily address key social and environmental issues. - The Social and Environmental Assessment report should address baseline social and environmental conditions, requirements under host country laws and regulations, sustainable development, and, as appropriate, IFC's Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines, etc. - Based on the Social and Environmental Assessment, Equator banks then make agreements with borrowers on how they mitigate, monitor and manage the risks through a Social and Environmental Management System. Compliance with the plan is included in the covenant clause of loan agreements. If the borrower doesn't comply with the agreed terms, the bank will take corrective actions. The Equator Principles are not a mere declaration of cautious banks but a full commitment of lenders. A violation of the Principles in the process of project financing, which led to an unexpected damage to the affected community, would not give rise to any specific legal remedies other than ordinary lawsuits. So it is more effective for banks to ensure consistent implementation of the Principles and to have them take responsible measures to solve social and environmental issues. Public interests have recently mounted up with respect to environmental issues on the occasion of the Supreme Court's decision (2006Du330) on the fiercely debated reclamation project at Saemangeum. The majority Justices said that the expected environmental damages like probable pollution of water and soil were not believed so serious and that the Administration should continue to implement the project seeking ways to make it more environment friendly. In this case, though the Category A Saemangeum Project was carried out by a government agency, the Supreme Court behaved itself as a signal giver to approve or stop the environment-related project like an Equator bank in project financing. At present, there is no Equator bank in Korea in contrast to three big banks in Japan. Also Korean contractors, which are aggressively bidding for Category A-type projects in South East Asia and Mideast, might find themselves in a disadvantageous position because they are generally ignorant of the environmental assessment associated with project financing. In this regard, Korean banks and overseas project contractors should care for the revised Equator Principles and the latest developments in project financing more seriously. It's because its scope has expanded to the capital cost of US$10 million or more across all industry sectors regardless of developing countries or not. It should be noted that, for a Korean bank, being an Equator bank is more or less burdensome in a short-term period, but it must be conducive to minimizing risks and building up good reputation in the long run.