• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2022

투수성 포장은 강우를 노반으로 침투시켜 지표면 유출량 감소와 수질 개선을 기대하기 위한 기술이다. 수질 개선효과의 증대를 위해 투수성 포장 내에는 필터층을 추가하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 투수성 포장의 구성 요소인 여재 필터의 성능을 알아보기 위해 석탄 저회-규사 여재에 대한 투수성능과 입자상 물질 제거 효율을 분석하였으며, 석탄저회와 규사를 기본 재료로 하는 5개의 여재를 대상으로 하였고, 입자상 물질로는 60㎛ 이하의 입자를 사용하였다. 순수 규사 시료 혹은 순수 석탄저회 시료는 평균적으로 약 70%의 입자상 물질 제거효율을 보였으나, 혼합 시료의 경우 제거 효율이 약 90%로서, 비점오염 저감시설에 대한 저감율 권고치인 80%를 상회하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 현장 검증을 통한 투수성 포장 내 여재 필터 성능에 대한 검증 후 도로 시설 혹은 독립적인 여과 장치로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단한다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2016

유속이 낮은 정체수역에 대하여 부영양화에 의한 녹조발생을 미연에 방지하고 수질개선을 도모하기 위하여 기존 인공식물섬 운영기술에 다양한 요소기술을 도입한 다기능 인공식물섬을 개발하였고 개발기술에 대한 성능검증을 위하여 경기도에 소재하는 하천에서 여름철과 겨울철 동안에 모니터링 하였다. 본 연구의 다기능 인공식물섬은 수질정화 기능을 높이기 위해서 정수식물 기반의 식생여과 공정 위주의 일반 인공식물섬 기술에 미세기포 공정과 인공여재에 의한 인 흡착/여과 공정을 추가하여 운영하였다. 개발기술에 대한 계절에 따른 오염물질 (COD, T-P) 제거율 변화로부터 오염부하가 낮은 겨울철 (15.9%, 20.0%)보다는 부하가 높은 여름철 (40.9%, 45.7%)에 높은 처리효율을 갖는 것으로 나타났고 공정별 제거율 (SS, Chl-a)에서는 미세기포 공정은 여름철 (33.1%, 39.2%)에, 인 흡착/여과 인공여재 및 식생여과 공정은 겨울철 (76.5%, 59.5%)에 높은 제거효율을 갖는 것으로 분석되어 다기능 인공식물섬의 정화능은 계절별 변화 또는 오염부하 정도에 따라서 적용 기술별로 제거능을 나타내어 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 사료되었다. 또한, 인공식물섬 주변의 생태변화 분석결과, 식물섬 저부에 미세기포의 공급으로 용존산소가 증가됨으로써 혐기화에 의한 물질환원 현상을 방지하고 수류순환을 유도하여 친환경적인 새로운 수생태계가 조성되는 것을 확인하였고 이러한 결과들을 통하여 다기능 인공식물섬에 의하여 정체수역의 수질이 개선되고 다양한 동식물의 성장으로 정체수역 저부의 물질순환이 개선될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a membrane bioreactor filled with high concentration of powdered activated carbon (HCPAC-MBR) to reduce DBPs at the drinking water treatment. The pilot system was installed after the rapid sand filtration process whose plant was the conventional treatment process. The removal efficiencies of DBPs were measured during pilot operation period of 2 years. HAA and THM removal rates could be maintained around 80~90% without any troubles and then tremendous reduction of HAA and THM reactivity were observed more than 52%. The average removal rate of HAA formation potential (FP) and THM formation potential (FP) were 70.5% and 67.6% respectively. It is clear that the PAC membrane bioreactor is highly applicable for advanced water treatment to control DBPs.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.181-193
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• 2014

Various treatment system for residuals have applied to save water resources, but most of them were not be satisfied with legal standard consistently. In this study, submerged membrane treatment system was operated to treat water treatment plant residuals and operation parameters was evaluated. Result of this experiment, high concentration organic matters contributed to high increase Transmembrane pressure(TMP) of membrane system(from 0.05 bar to 0.35 bar). And backwash process was effective to stabilize membrane system operation. After Cleaning-In-Place(CIP), permeability was recovered about 100 % from first operation condition. Inorganic matters (Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, Mg) were not effective membrane filtration performance. The quality of residual treatment was satisfied with drinking water quality standard and a treated water from that system was suitable for water reuse.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.377-401
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• 2016

To study the effect of titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) nanoparticles on membrane performance and structure and to explore possible improvement of using mixed solvents in the casting solution, composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared via immersion precipitation method using a mixture of two solvents triethyl phosphate (TEP) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and addition of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles. Properties of the neat and composite membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle and membrane porosity measurements. The neat and composite membranes were further investigated in terms of BSA rejection and flux decline in cross flow filtration experiments. Following hydrophilicity improvement of the PVDF membrane by addition of 0.25 wt.% $TiO_2$, (from $70.53^{\circ}$ to $60.5^{\circ}$) degree of flux decline due to irreversible fouling resistance of the composite membrane reduced significantly and the flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 96.85% was obtained. The results showed that using mixed solvents (DMAc/TEP) with lower content of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (0.25 wt.%) affected the sedimentation rate of nanoparticles and consequently the distribution of nanoparticles in the casting solution and membrane formation which influenced the properties of the ultimate composite membranes.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.155-173
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• 2016

The present work has been focused on the development of polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membrane via blending by sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) in order to permeability enhancement for ultrafiltration of cheese whey. In this regards, sulfonation of polyethersulfone was carried out and the degree of sulfonation was estimated. The effect of blend ratio on morphology, porosity, permeation and fouling of PSf / SPES membranes was investigated. Filtration experiments of whey were conducted for separation of macromolecules and proteins from the lactose enrichment phase. The morphology and performance of membranes were evaluated using different techniques such SEM, AFM, and contact angle measurements. The contact angle measurement showed that the hydrophilicity of membrane was increased by adding SPES. According to AFM images, PSf / SPES membranes exhibited lower roughness compared to neat PSf membrane. The water and whey flux of these membranes were higher than neat membrane. However, flux was decreased when the PSf / SPES blend ratio was 0/100. It can be attributed to pore size and morphology changes. Further, fouling parameters of PSf membrane were improved after blending. The blend membranes show a great potential to be used practically in proteins separation from cheese whey.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate the use of a floating media filter (FMF) to eliminate waterborne microorganism in treated domestic wastewater for reuse in agriculture. A conventional sand filter (SF) was used concurrently to compare treated water quality. The total/fecal coliforms and somatic coliphage were employed as fecal indicators. The result showed that the FMF was fed with 3 times higher infiltration rate ($15m^3/m^2.h$) than that in the SF ($5m^3/m^2.h$), in which both filters gave similar coliform removal at 6 hours operation. The somatic coliphage elimination tended to increase with operational time for the FMF while that of the SF showed decreasing trend. When a 24 hour continuous operation was applied for the FMF, it showed better removal of somatic coliphage (78%), fecal coliforms (60%) and total coliforms (56%) than that of 6 hour operation. In conclusion, the FMF gave better performance than the SF did by producing a good quality of treated water for agriculture in terms of waterborne microorganisms including turbidity and suspended solids.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.332-342
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• 2018

This paper proposes a parameter design method for multi-element resonant converters (MERCs) with a unique resonant zero point (RZP). This method is mainly composed of four steps. These steps include program filtration, loss comparison, 3D figure fine-tuning and priority compromise. It features easy implementation, effectiveness and universal applicability for almost all of the existing RZP-MERCs. Meanwhile, other design methods are always exclusive for a specific topology. In addition, a novel dual-CTL converter is also proposed here. It belongs to the RZP-MERC family and is designed in detail to explain the process of parameter selection. The performance of the proposed method is verified experimentally on a 500W prototype. The obtained results indicate that with the selected parameters, an extensive dc voltage gain is obtained. It also possesses over-current protection and minimal switching loss. The designed converter achieves high efficiencies among wide load ranges, and the peak efficiency reaches 96.9%.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2012

This study evaluated the performance of a thermophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion (TTPAD) coupled with membrane process treating garbage leachate. The pilot-scale treatment system is consisted of thermophilic acidogenic reactor (TAR) and thermophilic methanogenic reactor (TMR) coupled with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane unit. The hydraulic retention time of TAR and TMR were 4 and 20 days, respectively. Effluent TCOD and SCOD of the TTPAD were $25\;{\pm}\;6\;and\;12\;{\pm}\;3$ g/L, respectively, and the corresponding TCOD and SCOD removal efficiencies were 77% and 81%, respectively. Propionate was major acids as 75% in the effluent. Scum formation was not observed in TTPAD, which might be resulted from complete lipid degradation. However, TTPAD was appeared to be sensitive to free ammonia toxicity. The UF membrane was operated with constant pressure filtration at average TMP 1.3 atm. Permeate flux had a range of 15-30 $L/m^2/hr$. With UF membrane, TCOD removal increased from 77% to 93%, and this SS free effluent would be beneficial to subsequent processes such as ammonia stripping.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2012

The aeration provided in a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (SMBR) improves membrane filtration by creating turbulence on the membrane surface and reducing membrane resistance. However, conventional hollow fiber membrane modules are generally packed in a vertical orientation which limits membrane scouring efficiency, especially when aeration is provided in the axial direction. In the present research, 3 innovative hollow-fiber membrane modules, each with a different membrane orientation, were developed to improve membrane scouring efficiency and enhance permeate flux. Pilot testing was performed to investigate the permeate flux versus time relationship over a 7-day period under different intermittent modes. The results indicated that the best module experienced an overall permeate flux decline of 3.3% after 7 days; the other two modules declined by 13.3% and 18.3%. The lower percentage of permeate flux decline indicated that permeate productivity could be sustained for a longer period of time. As a result, the operational costs associated with membrane cleaning and membrane replacement could be reduced over the lifespan of the module.