Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2016.7.5.377

Preparation and characterization of PVDF/TiO2 composite ultrafiltration membranes using mixed solvents  

Tavakolmoghadam, Maryam (Research and Technology Centre for Membrane Processes, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology)
Mohammadi, Toraj (Research and Technology Centre for Membrane Processes, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology)
Hemmati, Mahmood (Research Institute of Petroleum Industry)
Publication Information
Membrane and Water Treatment / v.7, no.5, 2016 , pp. 377-401 More about this Journal
Abstract
To study the effect of titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) nanoparticles on membrane performance and structure and to explore possible improvement of using mixed solvents in the casting solution, composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared via immersion precipitation method using a mixture of two solvents triethyl phosphate (TEP) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and addition of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles. Properties of the neat and composite membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle and membrane porosity measurements. The neat and composite membranes were further investigated in terms of BSA rejection and flux decline in cross flow filtration experiments. Following hydrophilicity improvement of the PVDF membrane by addition of 0.25 wt.% $TiO_2$, (from $70.53^{\circ}$ to $60.5^{\circ}$) degree of flux decline due to irreversible fouling resistance of the composite membrane reduced significantly and the flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 96.85% was obtained. The results showed that using mixed solvents (DMAc/TEP) with lower content of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (0.25 wt.%) affected the sedimentation rate of nanoparticles and consequently the distribution of nanoparticles in the casting solution and membrane formation which influenced the properties of the ultimate composite membranes.
Keywords
polyvinylidene fluoride; mixed solvents; immersion precipitation; titanium dioxide; ultrafiltration membrane;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Tavakolmoghadam, M., Mohammadi, T., Hemmati, M. and Naeimpour, F. (2016), "Surface modification of PVDF membranes by sputtered $TiO_2$: Fouling reduction potential in membrane bioreactors", Desalin. Water Treat., 57(8), 3328-3338.   DOI
2 Tao, M., Liu, F., Ma, B.R. and Xue, L.X. (2013), "Effect of solvent power on PVDF membrane polymorphism during phase inversion", Desalination, 316, 137-145.   DOI
3 Wang, Q., Wang, Z. and Wu, Z. (2012), "Effects of solvent compositions on physicochemical properties and anti-fouling ability of PVDF microfiltration membranes for wastewater treatment", Desalination, 297, 79-86.   DOI
4 Wang, P., Ma, J., Shi, F., Ma, Y., Wang, Z. and Zhao, X. (2013), "Behaviors and effects of differing dimensional nanomaterials in water filtration membranes through the classical phase inversion process: A review", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(31), 10355-10363.   DOI
5 Wu, G., Gan, S., Cui, L. and Xu, Y. (2008), "Preparation and characterization of PES/$TiO_2$ composite membranes", Appl. Surf. Sci., 254(21), 7080-7086.   DOI
6 Yeow, M.L., Liu, Y.T. and Li, K. (2004), "Morphological study of poly(vinylidene fluoride) asymmetric membranes: Effects of the solvent, additive, and dope temperature", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 92(3), 1782-1789.   DOI
7 Zhang, P.-Y., Yang, H. and Xu, Z.-L. (2012), "Preparation of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes via nonsolvent induced phase separation process using a tween 80 and $H_2O$ mixture as an additive", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51(11), 4388-4396.   DOI
8 Zhang, G., Lu S., Zhang L., Meng, Q., Shen, C. and Zhang, J. (2013), "Novel polysulfone hybrid ultrafiltration membrane prepared with $TiO_2$-g-HEMA and its antifouling characteristics", J. Membr. Sci., 436, 163-173.   DOI
9 Arsuaga, J.M., Sotto, A., Rosario, G., Martinez, A., Molina, S., Teli, S.B. and Abajo, J.d. (2013), "Influence of the type, size, and distribution of metal oxide particles on the properties of nanocomposite ultrafiltration membranes", J. Membr. Sci., 428, 131-141.   DOI
10 Bae, T.-H. and Tak, T.-M. (2005), "Effect of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles on fouling mitigation of ultrafiltration membranes for activated sludge filtration", J. Membr. Sci., 249(1-2), 1-8.   DOI
11 Bian, X., Shi, L., Yang, X. and Lu, X. (2011), "Effect of nano-$TiO_2$ particles on the performance of PVDF, PVDF-g-(Maleic anhydride), and PVDF-g-Poly(acryl amide) membranes", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50(21), 12113-12123.   DOI
12 Bottino, A., Capannelli, G., Munari, S. and Turturro, A. (1988), "Solubility parameters of poly(vinylidene fluoride)", J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 26(4), 785-794.   DOI
13 Bottino, A., Camera-Roda, G., Capannelli, G. and Munari, S. (1991), "The formation of microporous polyvinylidene difluoride membranes by phase separation", J. Membr. Sci., 57(1), 1-20.   DOI
14 Cao, X., Ma, J., Shi, X. and Ren, Z. (2006), "Effect of $TiO_2$ nanoparticle size on the performance of PVDF membrane", Appl. Surf. Sci., 253(4), 2003-2010.   DOI
15 Damodar, R.A., You, S.-J. and Chou, H.H. (2009), "Study the self-cleaning, antibacterial and photocatalytic properties of $TiO_2$ entrapped PVDF membranes", J. Hazard. Mater., 172(2-3), 1321-1328.   DOI
16 Damodar, R.-A., You, S.-J. and Chiou, G.-W. (2012), "Investigation on the conditions mitigating membrane fouling caused by $TiO_2$ deposition in a membrane photocatalytic reactor (MPR) used for dye wastewater treatment", J. Hazard. Mater., 203-204, 348-356.   DOI
17 Guillen, G.R., Pan, Y., Li, M. and Hoek, E.M.V. (2011), "Preparation and Characterization of Membranes Formed by Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation: A Review", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50(7), 3798-3817.   DOI
18 Kesting, R.E. (1985), Synthetic Polymeric Membranes: A Structural Perspective, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, NY, USA.
19 Kim, J. and Van der Bruggen, B. (2010), "The use of nanoparticles in polymeric and ceramic membrane structures: Review of manufacturing procedures and performance improvement for water treatment", Environ. Pollut., 158(7), 2335-2349.   DOI
20 Li, Q., Xu, Z. and Yu, L.Y. (2010), "Effects of mixed solvents and PVDF types on performances of PVDF microporous membrane", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 115(4), 2277-2287.   DOI
21 Li, W., Sun, X.L., Wen, C., Lu, H. and Wang, Z. (2013), "Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride)/ $TiO_2$ hybrid membranes", Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 7(4), 492-502.   DOI
22 Liu, F., Hashim, N.A., Liu, Y., Moghareh Abed, M.R. and Li, K. (2011), "Progress in the production and modification of PVDF membranes", J. Membr. Sci., 375(1-2), 1-27.   DOI
23 Loeb, S. and Sourirajan, S. (1964), High flow porous membranes for separating water from saline solutions; U.S. Pat. No. 3,133,132.
24 Luo, M.L. and Zhao, J.Q., Tang, W. and Pu, C.S. (2005), "Hydrophilic modification of poly(ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membrane surface by self-assembly of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles", Appl. Surf. Sci., 249(1-4), 76-84.   DOI
25 Madaeni, S.S., Zinadini, S. and Vatanpour, V. (2011), "A new approach to improve antifouling property of PVDF membrane using in situ polymerization of PAA functionalized $TiO_2$ nanoparticles", J. Membr. Sci., 380(1-2), 155-162.   DOI
26 Mulder, M. (1996), Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
27 Ngang, H.P., Ooi, B.S., Ahmad, A.L. and Lai, S.O. (2012), "Preparation of PVDF-$TiO_2$ mixed-matrix membrane and its evaluation on dye adsorption and UV-cleaning properties", Chem. Eng. J., 197, 359-367.   DOI
28 Oh, S.J., Kim, N. and Lee, Y.T. (2009), "Preparation and characterization of PVDF/$TiO_2$ organic-inorganic composite membranes for fouling resistance improvement", J. Membr. Sci., 345(1-2), 13-20.   DOI
29 Wang, Q., Wang, Z. and Wu, Z. (2012), "Effects of solvent compositions on physicochemical properties and anti fouling ability of PVDF microfiltration membranes for wastewater treatment", Desalination, 297, 79-86.   DOI
30 Rahimpour, A., Madaeni, S.S., Taheri, A.H. and Mansourpanah, Y. (2008), "Coupling $TiO_2$ nanoparticles with UV irradiation for modification of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes", J. Membr. Sci., 313(1-2), 158-169.   DOI
31 Rahimpour, A., Jahanshahi, M., Rajaeian, B. and Rahimnejad, M. (2011), "$TiO_2$ entrapped nano-composite PVDF/SPES membranes: Preparation, characterization, antifouling and antibacterial properties", Desalination, 278(1-3), 343-353.   DOI
32 Rana, D. and Matsuura, T. (2010), "Surface Modifications for Antifouling Membranes", Chem. Rev., 110(4), 2428-2471.
33 Razmjou, A. (2012), "The effect of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles on the surface chemistry, structure and fouling performance of polymeric membranes", Ph.D. Dissertation; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
34 Razzaghi, M.H., Safekordi, A., Tavakolmoghadam, M., Rekabdar, F. and Hemmati, M. (2014), "Morphological and separation performance study of PVDF/CA blend membranes", J. Membr. Sci., 470, 547-557.   DOI
35 Safarpour, M., Khataee, A. and Vatanpour, V. (2014), "Preparation of a novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane modified with reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) nanocomposite with enhanced hydrophilicity and antifouling properties", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 53(34), 13370-13382.   DOI
36 Shih, H.C., Yeh, Y.S. and Yasuda, H. (1990), "Morphology of microporous poly(vinylidene fluride) membranes studied by gas permeation and scanning electron microscopy", J. Membr. Sci., 50(3), 299-317.   DOI
37 Shon, H.K., Puntsho, S., Vigneswaran, S., Kandasamy, J., Kim, J.B., Park, H.J. and Kim, I.S. (2010), "PVDF-$TiO_2$ Coated Microfiltration Membranes: Preparation and Characterization", Membr. Water Treat., Int. J., 1(3), 1-14.   DOI
38 Song, H., Shao, J., He, Y., Liu, B. and Zhong, X. (2012), "Natural organic matter removal and flux decline with PEG-$TiO_2$-doped PVDF membranes by integration of ultrafiltration with photocatalysis", J. Membr. Sci., 405-406, 48-56.   DOI
39 Teow, Y.H., Ahmad, A.L., Lim, J.K. and Ooi, B.S. (2012), "Preparation and characterization of PVDF/$TiO_2$ mixed matrix membrane via in situ colloidal precipitation method", Desalination, 295, 61-69.   DOI
40 Zhang, Z., Guo, C., Liu, G., Li, X., Guan, Y. and Lv, J. (2014), "Effect of TEP content in cooling bath on porous structure, crystalline and mechanical properties of PVDF hollow fiber membranes", Polym. Eng. Sci., 54(9), 2207-2214.   DOI