• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-112
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• 2003

Objectives： Oral health care program for the elementary school children (ESOHCP) should be met the first priority because dental caries are highly sensitive and prevalent among them. This study was performed to enhance the efficiency of ESOHCP, and their oral health promotion. Methods： The Subjects were 346 students (3rd grade 163, 6th grade 185) of one elementary school in Busan. Dental IQ and actual oral health status； the decayed, mixing and filling teeth were checked through questionnaire and oral health examination from April to June 2002. Dental IQ was presented out of one hundred, and data analysis was done using SAS (ver 8.1) program. Results： The students' cognitive level about the causative and preventive factor of dental caries was relatively high. However, the practical aspects of preventive behavior - tooth brushing； three times per day (20％), three minutes per time (22％), oral health examination； one time per three months (10％) left much to be desired. And, only 27％ of the subjects had experienced in school oral health education. The mean level of dental IQ was 79 out of 100, and 51 ％ and 42％ of them had the decayed and teeth with filling, respectively, with the rate of DMFT 82％, DT 43％, FT 57％. The level of dental IQ was higher in case of having his (her) own tooth brush (p＝0.072), standard tooth brushing (p<0.001) three times per day, post meal, three minutes per time, present experience of oral health examination (p<0.001) and dental clinic visit (p<0.001). The grade of caries was more serious in case of 6th grade (p＝0.059), an absence of his (her) own tooth brush (p＝ 0.090), present experience of oral health examination (p＝0.021), and an absence of regular dental clinic visit (p＝0.003). The frequency of oral health examination (γ＝ 0.620), tooth brushing； times per day (γ＝0.445), post meal (γ＝0.355), expending times per brushing (γ＝0.352), right cognition to the treatment of caries (γ＝0.401), positive attitude to dental treatment (γ＝0.387), the frequency of dental clinic visit for the past one year (γ＝0.152) showed significant correlation with dental IQ. In the multivariate analysis, dental IQ was influenced by the frequency of oral health examination, right cognition to the cause of caries, times of teeth brushing per day, right cognition to the treatment of caries, etc., with adjusted R2＝0.857. Conclusion： Though the students' cognitive level about the causative and preventive factor of dental caries was high, the practical aspects of preventive behavior left much to be desired. Ant the current ESOHCP considered to be still inefficient. However, frequent dental visits had apparent correlation with hish level of dental IQ. The specialized and practical program should be needed for the efficient ESOHCP. Harmonized effort from educational, health and dental society is essential.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2010

The current encased-concrete deep corrugated steel plate has an arch type plate structure, which is a compressive strength-dominant structure that has a small moment due to its arch shape. Therefore, it increases the strength against compression by adding reinforcements to make concrete-filling spaces for increasing the compressive strength and forming cross sections that contain reinforced concrete. In this study, the safety factor of the new-concept encased-concrete bridge plate member was evaluated by comparing the compressive strength obtained from the compressive tests, flexural tests and the design compressive strength determined by using the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC, 2003), which is a design standard for the encased-concrete bridge plate structures. The results of the safety factor evaluation using the design compressive strength and the test results showed that the safety factor was well above the appropriate value 2.0, which could be adjudged very conservative. If the safety factor based on this study results is considered and applied to the design, economical construction will be possible due to the reduced cross section and construction cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.191-194
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• 2007

In hot embossing lithography which has shown to be a good method to fabricate polymeric patterns for IT and bio components, it is very important to determine the proper process conditions of pressure, temperature, and time. It is also a key factor for predicting the optical properties of final product to calculate residual stress distribution after the embossing process. Therefore, to design the optimum process with right conditions, the ability to predict viscoelastic behavior of polymer during and after the hot embossing process is required. The objective of the present investigation is to establish simulation technique based on constitutive modeling of polymer with experiments. To analyze deformation behavior of viscoelastic polymer, the large strain material properties were obtained from quasi-static compression tests at different strain rates and temperatures and also stress relaxation tests were executed. With this viscoelastic material model, finite element simulation of hot embossing was executed and stress distribution is obtained. Proper process pressure is very important to predict the defect and incomplete filling.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1485-1496
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• 2002

In order to investigate the fire-induced smoke movement in a three-dimensional room with an open door, numerical and experimental study was performed. The center, wall, and corner fire plumes for various sized fires were studied experimentally in a rectangular pool fire using methanol as a fuel. The numerical results from a self-developed SMEP (Smoke Movement Estimating Program) field model were compared with experimental results obtained in this and from literature. Comparisons of SMEP and experimental results have shown reasonable agreement. As the fire strength became larger for the center fires, the air mass flow rate in the door, average hot layer temperature, flame angle and mean flame height were observed to increase but the doorway-neutral-planeheight and the steady-state time were observed to decrease. Also as the wall effect became larger in room fires, the hot layer temperature, mean flame height, doorway-neutral-planeheight and steady-state time were observed to increase. In the egress point of view considering the smoke filling time and the early spread of plume in the room space, the results of the center fire appeared to be more dangerous as compared with the wall and the corner fire. Thus it is necessary to consider the wall effect as an important factor in designing efficient fire protection systems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2011

Injection pressure is an important factor in filling procedure for injection molded parts. In addition, weldlines should be avoided to successfully produce injection molded parts. In this study, we optimally obtained injection molding process parameters that minimize injection pressure. Then, we determined the thickness of the part to avoid weldlines. To solve the optimization problem proposed, we employed MAPS-3D (Mold Analysis and Plastics Solution-3 Dimension), a commercial CAE tool for injection molding analysis, and PIAnO (Process Integration, Automation, and Optimization) as a commercial PIDO (Process Integration and Design Optimization) tool. We integrated MAPS-3D into PIAnO, automated the analysis and design procedure, and performed optimization by employing PQRSM (Progressive Quadratic Response Surface Method) equipped in PIAnO. We successfully obtained optimization results, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our design method.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 1994

Closed-die forging of the spur gears with circular are fillet has been analyses by using the upper-bound method. A kinematically admissible velocity field has been developed, wherein, the tooth profile consists of the involute curve and the circular arc fillet. In the analysis, the deformation regions have been divided into eight zones. A constant frictional stress has been assumed on the contacting surfaces Utilizing the formulated velocity field, numerical calculations have been carried out to investigate the effects of various parameters, such as module, number of teeth, addendum modification coefficient and friction factor, on the relative forging pressure of spur gears. As the result of numerical calculations, the relative forging pressure does not change so much against the variation of module. On the other hand, the relative forging pressure increases at the final filling stage as the addendum modification coefficient increases.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2008

Adsorption process is largely influenced by pore structures of adsorbents and physical properties of adsorbates and adsorbents. The previous studies of this laboratory was focused on the role of pore structures of adsorbents. And we found some pores of adsorbates which have larger pore diameters than the diameter of adsorbate are filled with easily. In this study the effects of physical and chemical properties of adsorbates and adsorbents, such as pore size distribution, vapor pressure on adsorption were investigated more thoroughly at the concentration of adsorbate of 1000 ppm. The adsorption in the pore ranges of $2{\sim}4$ times of adsorbates's diameter could be explained by space filling concept. But there was some condensation phenomena at larger pore ranges. The errors between the adsorbed amount of non-polar adsorbates and the calculated amounts by considering factors were found to be 44.46%, positively, and -142%, negatively. When vapor pressure is considered, the errors between the adsorbed amount of non-polar adsorbates and the calculated amounts were in the range of $1.69%{\sim}32.25%$ positively, and negatively $-1.08%{\sim}-63.10%$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.212-213
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• 2004

Since the advent of man there has been a constant struggle to define social pattern, and understand ways of cultural thinking. Every culture has it's own limitations and freedoms, problems and expectations. For centuries now anthropologist, ethnographers have worked on mapping and defining these differences. These findings instigate the designers to formulate new design theories and research methodologies for drafting cultural specific solutions. The question arises 'in a cross cultural application how effective and applicable are the basic research methodologies'? Quoting one such example the 'Privacy' issue seems to be a very strong component in the Japanese culture but is often a deterring factor in allowing the 'home ethnographic study to take place effectively'. However in countries like India similar studies could have a more welcoming reaction owing to the adaptive social culture. Similarly, the high rate of 'Illiteracy' in rural India closes many doors for 'form filling' user surveys. This leads to the scope of research for understanding specific cultural traits that may effect adaptation and re-improvisation of these existing methodologies. Quite often the cultural traits of a country may lead in forming new research methodologies.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.11
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• pp.78-81
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• 1995

In imaging the samples or human internal organs in a tube shape, general RF-probe types (that encircles a sample or places on top of the sample) are usually unsuitable for the internal imaging due to the degradation of signal-to-noise ratios(SNR's). In the present study the inside-out probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been constructed in the three different shapes such as an anti-solenoidal, a saddle and a dual surface types which are positioned as close to the area as possible by putting the probe inside the tubelike sample to improve filling factor. RF-field distributions have also been calculated depending upon the geometrical changes of anti-solenoid probes. Moreover, the performance of the inside-out probes has been checked by measuring SNR's of the images acquired. The inside-out probes constructed in this study produced better SNR's and rf-field uniformity in the area close to the probes in comparing with any other commercial probes. There is a high possibility that the constructed probes in the present study are applicable to the diagnosis of human bodies.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.7-17
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore how advertising for multilevel marketing brands affect the salesperson's activity including customer-salesperson interactivity, work attitude, and perceived and actual performance after the campaign. Research Design, data, and methodology - This study collects experimental data, survey data, and actual sales data and applies statistical analyses such as factor analysis, t-tests, and a structural equation model. Results - The results show that advertising campaign can enhance a salesperson's selling activities and provide wide managerial implications to a multilevel marketing firm by filling the gaps for the field of advertising research. Conclusions - Managerial implications include: i) multilevel marketing firms should consider advertising campaigns as a means of changing customer responses because advertising plays a significant role in increasing familiarity with, and knowledge of, attitudes toward the brand, which also helps salespeople interact with customers; ii) multilevel marketing firms should consider brand advertising as a means to support the sales activities of salespeople including sales effectiveness, work attitudes, and perceived performance, and iii) multilevel marketing firms should consider brand advertising as a means to enhance a salesperson's pride and motivation for selling their brand, which will lead to improved sales performances.