• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.208-211
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• 2000

Processing parameters of filament winding were investigated by using design of experiment. To understand 4 main effects(fiber tension, impregnation pressure, processing rate, and temperature) and 3 interactions, $L_{27}(3^{13})$ orthogonal array table was adopted. The used materials were carbon fiber and epoxy resin. Split disk test and short-beam test, which are the general test methods for filament wound composite material, were selected as evaluation methods for a filament would part. The optimal processing parameters for the filament winding were easily found through the analysis of variance of the experimental results.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

The crystallinity and dyeability of PET filament were studied when the conditions of drawing and heat-setting were varied. The crystaltinity of PET filament was increased as the drawing ratio and heatsetting temperature were increased. The dye uptake and dyeing rate of PET filament were decreased as the drawing ratio was increased. With increasing the heat-setting temperature, however, the dye uptake and dyeing rate were decreased at an early stage, showing the minimum at $160^{\circ}C-180^{\circ}C$ and then increased above that temperature. The thermal shrinkage of PET filament was decreased as the drawing ratio was increased, while increasing as the heat-setting temperature was increased.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2017

Scaffolds of cell substrates are biophysical platforms for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. They ultimately play a leading-edge role in the regeneration of tissues. Recent studies have shown the potential of bioactive scaffolds (i.e., osteo-inductive) through 3D printing. In this study, rice bran-derived biocomposite was fabricated for fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing as a potential bone-graft analogue. Rice bran by-product was blended with poly caprolactone (PCL), a synthetic commercial biodegradable polymer. An extruder with extrusion process molding was adopted to manufacture the newly blended "green material." Processing conditions affected the performance of these blends. Bio-filament composite was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mechanical characterization of bio-filament composite was carried out to determine stress-strain and compressive strength. Biological behaviors of bio-filament composites were also investigated by assessing cell cytotoxicity and water contact angle. EDX results of bio-filament composites indicated the presence of organic compounds. These bio-filament composites were found to have higher tensile strength than conventional PCL filament. They exhibited positive response in cytotoxicity. Biological analysis revealed better compatibility of r-PCL with rice bran. Such rice bran blended bio-filament composite was found to have higher elongation and strength compared to control PCL.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.64.2-64.2
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• 2020

We present the properties of galaxies in filaments around the Virgo cluster with respect to their vertical distance from the filament spine. Using the NASA-Sloan Atlas and group catalogs, we select galaxies that do not belong to groups in filaments. The filament member galaxies are then defined as those located within 3.5 scale length from the filament spine. The filaments are mainly (~86%) composed of low-mass dwarf galaxies of logh2M∗/M⊙ < 9 dominantly located on the blue cloud in color-magnitude diagrams. We observe that the g - r color and stellar mass of galaxies correlate with their vertical distance from the filament spine in which the color becomes red and stellar mass decreases with increasing vertical filament distance. The galaxies were divided into two subsamples in different stellar mass ranges, with lower-mass (logh2M∗/M⊙ ≤ 8) galaxies showing a clear negative g-r color gradient, whereas higher-mass (logh2M∗/M⊙ > 8) galaxies have a flat distribution against the vertical filament distance. We observe a negative EW(Hα) gradient for higher-mass galaxies, whereas lower-mass galaxies show no distinct variation in EW(Hα) against the vertical filament distance. In contrast, the NUV - r color distribution of higher-mass galaxies shows no strong dependence on the vertical filament distance, whereas the lower-mass galaxies show a distinct negative NUV - r color gradient. We do not witness clear gradients of HI fraction in either the higher- or lower-mass subsamples. We propose that the negative color and stellar mass gradients of galaxies can be explained by mass assembly from past galaxy mergers at different vertical filament distances. In addition, galaxy interactions might be responsible for the contrasting features of EW(Hα) and NUV - r color distributions between the higher- and lower-mass subsamples. The HI fraction distributions of the two subsamples suggest that ram-pressure stripping and gas accretion could be ignorable processes in the Virgo filaments.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1973

Strength, elongation and elasticity are essential properties with regard to the tensile properties of raw silk thread. The reasonable harmony of the above three physical characters appears to be the specific nature of the raw silk thread and the dynamical functions are determined by the cocoon filament forming the raw silk. From such viewpoint, the author has studied the tensile property of the thread when the cocoon filament is stretched and transformed. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The stretching strength of the inner layer filament is stronger than that of the outer and medium layer ones. 2) The stretching strength of the filaments is influenced by the moisture-heat denaturalization of cocoon layer sericin in the drying process. 3) The more transformed functions by the stretching become, the lower the elasticity index of the cocoon filament was shown. 4) When cocoon layer sericin is denatured by moisture and heat, elasticity index of the filament is decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.371-371
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• 2002

Polyester Filament Flat Yam의 경우 현재 Dope Dyed Yarn을 주로 사용하고 있지만 색상발현의 한계성으로 오랫동안 일반염색을 위해 연구하였지만 해결하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. Polyester Filament Flat Yarn의 선염이 어려운 이유는 Winding에서 치밀한 사층구조로 염료가 침투할 수 없이 치밀하게 되어 있기 때문이다. 특히 사의 이러한 치밀한 사층구조 때문에 염액침투가 어렵고, Soft Winding을 하면 미끄러짐 현상으로 사층의 붕괴가 일어나기 쉽고, Pirn Winding의 경우는 사층의 안전한 유지는 가능하지만 사층의 밀도가 높아서 염액의 순환이 순조롭지 못한 단점이 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.118-119
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• 2002

근육이 수축하면 근원섬유의 sarcomere (근절)의 길이가 경직의 진행과 함께 짧아지는 것을 볼 수 있다. 즉, thick filament (myosin filament)와 thin filament (actin filament) 사이에서로 미끌어져 들어가는 현상이 일어나게 되는 것이다. 골격근은 보통 때는 이완상태에 있으나 필요할 때 신경자극에 의해서 수축을 하게 된다. 이러한 수축↔이완의 전환은 세포내의 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 조절을 통해서 제어되며, 이완시의 세포질 내의 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도는 정도의 낮은 상태로 유지된다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1972

During the period from 1966 to 1968, total catches of Spanish mackerel averaged 6,000 to 7,000M/T per annual in Korea, and approximately 70 per cent of this amount was captured by drift nets. In an effort to improve the efficiency of drift nets, some experiments were conducted in 1969 to investigate the selectivity of material and mesh sizes. Seven different mesh sizes (80,85,95,100,105,110 and 115 mm) of both multi- and mono-filament netting were used, and the following results were obtained : 1, The body weight of Spanish mackerel taken with the seven different mesh sizes ranges from 0.5kg to 2.9kg, and the mode of body weight consists of three groups, 1kg ($21%$), 1.3kg($15\%$) and 1.5kg($19\%$). 2. For multi-filament net, 80 to 105mm mesh sizes were suitable to catch those three groups, and a little smalter than these for mono-filament net. 3. For Spanish mackerel only, the mono-filament material proved to have 1.5 times better selectivity than multi-filament : however, the latter proved superior for miscellaneous fish species due to its different size and shape. 4. Multi-filament net showed better selectivity for smaller species than mono-filament. (and mono-filament in general indicated opposite phenomenon.)

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 2014

This paper presents an analysis of the results of an experimental program on the performance of a novel configuration of a hybrid FRP-concrete beam. The beam section consists of a GFRP pultruded profile, a CFRP laminate, and a concrete block all wrapped up using filament winding. It was found that the thickness of the concrete block and the confinement by the filament-wound wrapping had a profound effect on the energy dissipation behaviour of the beam. Using a shear punching model, and comparing the predicted results with the experimental ones, it was found that beyond a given value of the concrete block thickness, the deformational behaviour of the beam shifts from brittle to ductile. It was also found that the filament-wound wrap had many benefits such as providing a composite action between the concrete block and the GFRP box, improving the stiffness of the beam, and most importantly, enhancing the load carrying ability through induced confinement of the concrete.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.86.1-86.1
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• 2013

Observations of a filament showing an activated barb recorded from the at the Dutch Open Telescope (DOT) on 2010 August 20 are presented. The filament developed a barb in 10 minutes, which disappeared within the next 35 minutes. Such a rapid formation and disappearance of a filament barb is unusual, and has been seldom reported. Line-of-sight velocity maps were constructed from images in seven line positions along the H-alpha line. We observe flows in the filament spine towards the barb location prior to its formation, and flows in the barb towards the spine during its disappearance. Photospheric magnetograms from Helioseismic Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory were used to determine the changes in magnetic flux in the region surrounding the barb location. The variation of magnetic flux in this duration support the view that barbs are rooted in minor magnetic polarity.