• 비교문화연구
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• 제52권
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• pp.313-339
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• 2018

이 논문은 19세기 유럽 의학의 업적인 미생물 발견과 함께 발전된 '세균이론'(germ theory)이 어떻게 '침범'의 공포를 야기하는지, 그리고 어떻게 '침범'의 공포가 미국의 반-이민(Anti-immigration) 정서와 공모해 동시대 제국주의적 정치 이념을 완수하게 되는지를 밝힌다. 의학과 정치가 연루되는 과정을 살피기 위해 우선 유럽에서 시작된 '세균이론'의 정치적 특징을 구분하고, 이 '세균이론'이 미국에 도입되면서 어떻게 '미국적'으로 변형되는지를 규명할 것이다. 세균이론 혹은 침범이론으로 "이선 프롬"을 독해할 때, "이선 프롬"(Ethan Frome)에 드러난 이디스 워튼(Edith Wharton)의 제국주의적 시선을 밝힌 엘리자베스 애먼스(Elizabeth Ammons)의 분석은 유용하다. 그러나 애먼스는 주인공의 내적 갈등과 선택에 주목하지 않음으로써 거기에 작동하는 '미국적' 침범이론의 특징을 놓치고 있다. 이 논문은 바로 그러한 '미국적' 특징을 살펴보는데 의의가 있다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제39권
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• pp.433-460
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• 2015

This paper was analyzed the politeness and the expression of ending sentence in family conversations in the virtual language of cartoon characters. Younger speakers have a tendency to unite sentence-final particle to the polite form, older speakers have a tendency to unite it to the plain form in the historical genre. But younger speakers and older speakers unite sentence-final particle to the plain form in other fiction genres. Using terms of respect is determined by circumstances and charactonym. Comparing the translation of conversations with the original, there were the different aspects of translated works. When Japanese instructors are used to study Japanese as the instructional media, they give a supplementary explanation to students. 'WA' 'KASIRA' that a female speaker usually uses are used by a male speaker, 'ZO' 'ZE' that a male speaker usually uses are used by a female speaker in the virtual language of cartoons. In the field of the translation, it is translated 'KANA' 'KASIRA' into 'KA?', 'WA' 'ZO' 'ZE' into 'A(EO)?', 'WAYO' 'ZEYO' into AYO(EOYO)'. When we use sentence-final particle in the virtual language of cartoon, we need to supply supplementary explanations and further examinations.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.51-78
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• 2018

To put it simply, thing theory is a study of meaningful capacities of materiality. Although T. S. Eliot regarded pathetic fallacy as the bad example of objective correlatives in his modernism poetry theory, it is clear that many objects in literary works reflect diverse human desires. Among many, Victorian sensation novels are the most distinct genre where the various paraphernalia in them indicate the distorted and exaggerated greed of the industrial revolution era. Whereas the male protagonists are usually related with the norms objects of authority such as portrait and locket, the female characters' connection with cosmetics and white dress shows their oppressed and fragile position in the patriarchal and hierarchical society. In the (post)modern society, the ambiguity of things has grown rapidly due to the increasing discrepancy between objects and things. In special, the new journalism and the psychological realism novels often reveal the post-truth phenomenon because consumerized audience depend more upon the attraction and affect than the mere evidence and facts. For the individual, according to object relations theory, these alternative facts are rather internalized into their mind as the internal object when they are motivated by the non/contact with primary caregivers in their childhood. The dominant material imagery in (post)modern fiction becomes the site of resistance because of their reconstructed and extended meaning. The object relations theory and thing theory can be effectively used to uncover the complicated meanings of desired objects by using the human-object's meaningful relations and early mental images that are secretly alive still in the present.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.327-345
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• 2012

This paper explores how gender, sexuality, momism and national security are intertwined in the POW fictions of the Korean War, revealing the blurred demarcation line of the private and the public during the Cold War era. Works such as Night and Valley of Fire reveal the weakened manhood of the soldiers who were brainwashed or easily succumbed to the enemy during their imprisonment. The novels commonly attribute their weakness to materialism and spiritual corruption prevalent in the society, in addition to mass media including TV. Moreover, a social critic like Phillip Wily provokes the polemical idea of "Momism" which was ardently circulated among some male circles. In Manchurian Candidate, momism is integrated into incest and homosexuality, epitomized by Raymond and his mother. The novel illustrates how momism can be dangerous to national security and devastate the growth of manhood. Mrs. Iselin, a masculinized middle-aged woman, becomes a 'monster' whose overweening desire for power overrides any maternal concern for her son. Such 'monstrosity' exposes the danger of a woman who can castrate a man and manipulate a society. To a certain extent, the same tendency can be found in Turncoat and Night. Both novels reveal how the love of mother brings detrimental impact on boys who become prey to the communist's brainwashing in the POW camps. In short, the POW novels betray society's patriarchal concerns with women's emerging power threatening its ideology.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.347-378
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• 2012

Holocaust fiction has always raised the moral and aesthetic questions about the nature of mimesis and the literary representation of atrocity. The Holocaust, defying any representation of it, has been considered as unspeakable, unknowable, and incomprehensible. This essay aims to explore Martin Amis's narrative strategies in Time's Arrow to conduct the difficult tasks of re-creating the primal scene and of discovering a moral reality behind the Holocaust. One of the major narrative experiments in Time's Arrow is the time reversal: the story moves from the present of phony innocence to the past of unrelieved horror. Reversing the temporal order of events reverses causality and generates the revision of the morality, ultimately creating the epistemological and ontological uncertainties. Amis's novel is also narrated from the perspective of a double persona of the protagonist who, as a Nazi doctor, participated in the massacre in Auschwitz and then fled to the United States following the war. As almost a self-conscious storyteller, the narrator shares a sense of retrospective guilt with the reader who finally realizes that the Holocaust was a world turned upside down morally. Amis's postmodern narrative strategies are unusual enough to warrant a new way of representing the Holocaust.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1123-1137
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• 2009

Revisiting the horror of slave mutiny in nineteenth century America via Julia Kristeva's concept of abject, this essay examines abject fear in Amasa Delano and Babo's subversive act to deceive Delano in Herman Melville's "Benito Cereno." Babo, the slave, exercises subversive power, thereby reversing racial hierarchy aboard the slave ship-the San Dominick. Babo's ability to mimic and control racial stereotypes exposes how nineteenth-century racial hierarchy was only a social fiction, which becomes the very source of Delano's fear. Delano's dread belies upon the possible disruption of social order triggered by Babo'sblack rebellion. In order to repress his fear, Delano consciously and unconsciously attempts to re-inscribe white dominion and reaffirm black inferiority and stereotypes by means of rationalizing the disturbing signs he witnesses on the San Dominick. When Delano discovers the realsituation of the ship, he must relinquish the abject resonance that disturbs the previous racial order. Employing a legal document, Delano re-inscribes the official position of the blacks as slaves, defining them as violent savages, and thereby silences Babo. However, Melville's text is not a testament to white power. "Benito Cereno" actually endorses abject instability to challenge racial hierarchies through the poignant image of Babo's dead gaze in the last scene of the novella. Thus, "Benito Cereno" exemplifies the recurring power of abject as a threat to social hierarchy and as a constant reminder of the falsity and insecurity of a social order.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1475-1482
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• 2022

Mickey Mousing perfect match between animation sound and image was an aesthetic in the field of animation, but since the 2000s, works such as and released by producers such as DreamWorks and Pixar have expanded the perfection of synchronization to irony. It also influenced the identification system of sentiment. It is time to view the directing attempt of these elements as a factor that changed the new paradigm of narrative, and related research is needed. In this study, the scene of was analyzed as a case study for the synchronization of animation sound and image components and the boundary direction on the recognition of identification between reality and fiction. Aesthetic recognition of the research work is based on the premise of real time and space perception, and the audience can recognize in the conceptual world as an integrated art by playfully producing fictional time and space. The direct antithesis of synchronization and identification was drawn to maintain the curiosity of the next scene by repeating selective concealment and disclosure of information in the direction of conveying an unfamiliar and heterogeneous feeling to the audience.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.529-543
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• 2022

The lattice-spring-based synthetic rock mass model (LS-SRM) technique has been extensively employed in large open-pit mining and underground projects in the last decade. Since the LS-SRM requires a complex and time-consuming calibration process, a robust approach was developed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize the calibration procedure. For this purpose, numerical models were designed using the Box-Behnken Design technique, and numerical simulations were performed under uniaxial and triaxial stress states. The model input parameters represented the models' micro-mechanical (lattice) properties and the macro-scale properties, including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), elastic modulus, cohesion, and friction angle constitute the output parameters of the model. The results from RSM models indicate that the lattice UCS and lattice friction angle are the most influential parameters on the macro-scale UCS of the specimen. Moreover, lattice UCS and elastic modulus mainly control macro-scale cohesion. Lattice friction angle (flat joint fiction angle) and lattice elastic modulus affect the macro-scale friction angle. Model validation was performed using physical laboratory experiment results, ranging from weak to hard rock. The results indicated that the RSM model could be employed to calibrate LS-SRM numerical models without a trial-and-error process.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-25
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• 2023

This paper presents the outcome of a survey done in two colleges of education in Kumasi, Ghana to determine the reading habits of students. A questionnaire was conveniently administered to the third-year students of Wesley College of Education and St. Louis College of Education all in Kumasi the capital of Ashanti Region of Ghana. One hundred and sixty-two copies of the questionnaire were administered to the students in the two colleges. The study found that both parents and tutors influence students reading at the same rate, in both colleges students read an average of one book in two months which was not encouraging with the most preferred reading materials being course books followed by textbooks and fiction. Their purpose of reading is to broaden their knowledge, and to pass examination. They choose busy schedule on campus and too much academic work as the reasons which affect their reading habits. Furthermore, it was revealed that, too much family responsibilities and lack of conducive environment were major constraints that restrict their reading at home. The study recommends the following to enhance reading habits of the students: parents should create healthy surrounding for learning; students should also be motivated to read through the formation of reading clubs and group presentation of assignment.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1281-1294
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• 2010

In Written on the Body, by creating the narrator's ungendered and unsexed identity, Winterson makes her text open to the reader's assumption of the narrator's sexual and gender identity. Thus, this novel has been read, on the one hand, as a lesbian text by those who assume that the narrator is a female and, on the other hand, as a suspicious text colluding with patriarchal and heterosexual values by those who define the narrator as a male. Those readings of the narrator as one of either sex/gender, however, demonstrate how (academic as well as general) readers have been accustomed to the gender-based reading habits in which textual meanings are dichotomously arranged along the lines of sex and gender of characters. Challenging those dualistic "gendered" readings, this paper reads Winterson's Written on the Body as a queer text which interrogates, troubles, and subverts the heterosexual concepts of narrative, desire, and body without reducing the narrator's identity to the essentialist sex and gender system. More specifically, this paper examines how the narrator's 'un-/over-' determined sexual and gender identity queers the narrative structure of author-character-reader; how the narrator's queer (fluid) desire is passing and traveling across categorical contours of (homo-/hetero-) sexual desires; how Winterson challenges the concept of a coherent body and queers the concept of body as a hermeneutic text with myriad textual grids which are not coherently mapped by power but randomly inscribed by nomadic desires.