• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2008

기존의 목모시멘트보드는 폐목재칩을 이용한 낮은 품질의 시멘트보드였으나, 최근 목재를 섬유형태로 가공하여 제조되는 목모보드는 미관이 수려하고, 흡음 및 단열성이 우수한 내장재로 외국에는 널리 알려진 재료이나, 국내에서는 전량 수입에 의존함에 따라 고가이며 안정적 자재확보의 문제로 인해 다양한 방면의 활용이 이루어지지 못하였다. 그러나, 2005년부터 국내생산이 가능해짐에 따라 경제성 확보 및 자재의 안정적 공급이 가능해짐에 따라 다양한 분야로의 활용이 모색되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 목모보드의 활용을 높이기 위하여, 목모보드의 일반특성, 난연성능을 평가하고 건식벽체로 구성하였을 경우 내화성능을 평가함으로써 그 활용성을 모색해보고자 하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.627-633
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• 2004

Lithium titanate whiske($Li_{x}Ti_{4}O_9$) was prepared by an ion-exchange reaction. To this end, the initial material, potassium tetratitanate ($K_{2}Ti_{4}O_9{\cdot}nH_{2}O$) was prepared by calcination of a mixture of $K_{2}CO_3\;and\;TiO_2$ with a molar ratio of 2.8 at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 3 h, followed by boiling water treatment of the calcined products for 10 h. Fibrous potassium tetratitanate could be transformed into layered hydrous titanium dioxide ($H_{2}Ti_{4}O_9{\cdot}nH_{2}O$) through an exchange of $K^{+}\;with\;H^{+}$ using 0.075 M HCl. Also, lithium titanate whisker was finally prepared as $Li^{+}\;and\;H^{+}$ ions were exchanged by adding 20 mL of a mixture solution of LiOH and $LiNO_3$ to 1g whisker and stirring for $5\~15$ days. The average length and diameter of the $Li_{x}Ti_{4}O_9$ whiskers were $10\~20{\mu}m\;and\;1\~3{\mu}m$, respectively.

• 치과방사선
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.159-170
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• 1995

Few cases of florid osseous dysplasia has been described as a condition that characteristically affects the jaws. It usually manifests as multiple radiopaque masses distributed throughout the jaws. Confusion exists about the relationship of florid osseous dysplasia, gigantiform cementoma, chronic sclersing osteomyelitis, sclerosing osteitis or multiple enostosis. Authors experienced a case of florid osseous dysplasia of the jaws in 52-year-old female on the basis of clinical, radiographic and histopathologic findings. The characteristic features are as follows : 1. In clinical examination, there was no clinical sign and symptoms except extracted area. And there was no facial asymmetry. 2. Radiograms show round or lobular dense radiopaque masses surrounded by radiolucent bands in lower molar teeth area bilaterally. And slight increased radiopacities in maxillary molar teeth area bilaterally. There was no expansion or thinning of buccal and lingual cortical bones. There is no displacement or resorption of involved teeth. In right side of mandible, mandibular canal is displaced inferiorly due to mass. 3. Photomicrograms show densely mineralized sclerotic acellular masses with empty lacunae. Pattern is suggestive of cementum, although it could be considered sclerotic bone. In the periphery, lesion consisting of moderately cellular fibrous tissue in which globular calcified products are deposited.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.773-788
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• 2003

Ostrich farming is a developing industry in most countries in the world, with farm profitability being largely dependent on the quality of the products, especially skins and meat. To produce quality products, it is essential to ensure that nutrient supply matches the nutrient requirements of ostriches during their growth. To achieve this, information on feed utilisation efficiency and nutrient requirements of ostriches at different maturity stages is required. In South Africa, a number of experiments were carried out to assess the nutritive value of feed and to define the nutrient requirement of ostriches. These data were derived from limited number of birds and the direct application of the results to ostrich farming in Australia and other countries is questionable due to the difference in environment and feed resources. Initially ostrich farmers used data from poultry as a guideline for feed formulation, but in recent years more data has become available for ostriches. Ostriches have a better feed utilisation efficiency and a larger capacity of using high fibre feeds such as pastures than poultry. This review revealed that there are a number of areas there further nutritional research and development is required to ensure the ostriches are provided suitable diets to maximise farm profitability. These include the assessment of the nutritive value of feed ingredients for ostrich chicks and adult birds, the determination of nutrient requirements of ostriches under different farming systems, the development of ostrich diet for producing specific product, and grazing management strategies of ostriches in a crop-pasture rotation system.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2013

Recently, there are growing interests on carbon emissions related in climate change which is worldwide emerging important issue. Some research works are now carrying out in order to reduce the carbon emission in pulp and paper industries by the synthesis of precipitated calcium carbonate using the exhaust carbon dioxide from combustion furnace or incinerator. However, for solving the original problems on carbon emission, we need to consider the analysis of basic methodology on $CO_2$ through the process efficiencies. There are two general tools for carbon emissions; one is the greenhouse gas inventory and the other is $LCCO_2$ method which is applied to particular items of raw materials and utilities in unit process. In this study, the carbon emissions in wood-containing printing paper production line were calculated by using $LCCO_2$ method. The general materials and utilities for paper production, such as fibrous materials, chemical additives, electric power, steam, and industrial water were analyzed. As the results, $Na_2SiO_3$ showed the highest loads in carbon emissions, and the total amount of carbon emissions was the highest in electricity. In the production line of printing paper using de-inked pulp and BTMP, as the mixing ratio of DIP was higher, the carbon emissions were decreased because of high use of electric power in TMP process.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to observe the responses of the remaining pulp tissue after pulpotomy upon the several kinds of $Ca(OH)_2$ products and the responses of periapical tissue upon some root canal filling materials after extirpation. For pulpotomy, the class V cavities were prepared on the premolars, molars and upper canines, and the pulp was amputated. Each drug was placed over the amputated tissue and cavity was sealed with zinc oxide eugenol cement. The drugs which were used for the study were Dycal (Caulk Co. U.S.A.), Cavitec (Kerr Co. U.S.A.), Calvital, Nobudyne and Neodyne (Neo Dental Chemical Products). For extirpation, the endodontic cavities were prepared on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth, and the pulp tissues were extirpated as routine method. After enlarging, irrigation, and measuring of root length by taking X-ray, each root canal filling material was filled in the canal with gutta percha cone, and endodontic cavity was sealed with zinc oxide eugenol cement. Zinc oxide eugenol, $Ca(OH)_2$ (Eli Lilly Co. U.S.A.) and Vitapex (Neo Dental Chemical Products) were used as root canal filling materials. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 3 and 6 weeks following the operation. The teeth were decalcified in formic acid, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Microscopic examination revealed as follows. 1. Dycal: The dentin bridge formation was observed at the 3rd week after pulpotomy. Inflammatory conditions which were infiltration of inflammatory cells and dilatation of blood vessels were kept in remaining pulp tissue at the 6th week. 2. Calvital: The dentin bridge was observed at the 1st week after pulpotomy. As the time clasped, the pulp tended to be the fibrous degeneration. 3. Cavitec, Nobudyne and Neodyne: In the case of Cavitec and Nobudyne, the incompleted and irregular dentin bridge was observed at the 6th week, and in Neodyne, was observed at the 3rd week. The severe inflammatory changes were seen in the remaining pulp tissue. As the time clasped, the fibrous degeneration tended to spread in the remaining pulp tissue. 4. $Ca(OH)_2$: Osteocementum was formed at the 3rd week, the matrix of cementum and dentin were resorted, and infiltration of lymphocytes was seen in periapical tissue when $Ca(OH)_2$ was used as canal-filling materials. S. ZOE and Vitapex The cementum like substance was seen in periapical portion at the 1st week, when ZOE and Vitapex were used as root canal filling materials. As the time elapsed, the matrix of cementum and dentin tended to be resorted. At the 6th week, the inflammatory condition of periapical tissue was continued in the case of ZOE, but was reduced in the case of Vitapex.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1997

Ten rice varieties were planted at two locations (lowland and highland), during the wet and dry seasons of different years. In vivo digestibility and voluntary intake of the straw, were determined in groups of fat-tail sheep, supplemented with $18g{\cdot}kg^{-0.75}$ concentrate DM, containing ~20% crude protein. Voluntary intake of digestible straw organic matter (DOMI) consistently varied from 15.2 to $20.9g{\cdot}kg^{-0.75}$ between straw varieties, averaged over locations, years and seasons, despite considerable variation between individual batches. This variation in the nutritive value of the straw was independent of straw and grain yield, so it would seem that there is scope for selection of rice varieties with straw of higher nutritive value. The variation in DOMI of straw among location of growth, year and season, was of a magnitude similar to the improvement brought about by urea-ammoniation. The in sacco degradation characteristics and digestibility of rice straw residues were superior to those of the offered straw. This can be attributed to a preference for rice straw leaves relative to stems. Averaged over location of growth, year and season, characteristics of in sacco degradation, i.e. the rate of fermentative degradation and the truly undegradable fraction, emerged as accurate predictors of the nutritive value of rice straw.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze check pattern of nail art from 2011 to 2013. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Check pattern of nail art is total 257 patterns, and there are 84 argyle, 29 tartan, 24 harlequin, 24 over, 23 window-pane, 15 stitcheds, 13 hound tooth, 10 block, 10 madras, 8 gingham, 8 gradation, 7 shepherd, and 2 tattersall check patterns. Through this result, in nail art, the relatively simple patterns such as a vertical pattern, a horizontal pattern, and cross or overlap diagonal line are used more than elaborate and complex check patterns of a fibrous tissue from a weaving process. 2) In check pattern of nail art, N-affiliated color and R-affiliated color are remarkably well-used, because of the effects of argyle, tartan, window-pane, harlequin, stitched, over, and hound tooth check patterns used the most during the past three years. Especially, most tartan, harlequin, over, and hound tooth check patterns use their own special colors such as R-affiliated colors and N-affiliated colors as it is, and argyle, window-pane, stitched, and over check patterns use well by arranging N-affiliated colors and R-affiliated colors. 3) The most used expressive technique is hand painting to express check pattern in nail art, because new products related to UV gel are well launched. These materials can draw fine line that is hard to express by existing polish easily and simply, and not only have set quickly hard, so procedure time is very short, so it is compatible to draw check pattern personally, but also it is well covered, so check pattern is more clearly expressed.

• 폴리머
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

PLGA는 미국 식품의약품안전청(FDA)의 승인을 받은 합성고분자로서 생체재료로 널리 쓰이고 있다. 하지만, 분해산물인 산으로 인하여 염증반응을 일으키고, 독성물을 생산하여 세포증식률의 감소를 야기시킨다고 보고된바 있다. 이러한 PLGA의 단점을 보완하고자 생체재료인 피브린을 사용하였는데, 피브린은 피브리노겐의 풍부함과 이들의 정제가 비교적 용이하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 PLGA의 염증완화에 대한 피브린의 효과를 알아보았다. 피브린 첨가에 따른 PLGA 다공성 지지체에 염증의 발현정도를 확인하기 위해 RT-PCR을 수행하였고 지지체와 조직 간의 상호작용을 통한 염증세포의 침윤과 대식세포 발생 정도를 확인하기 위해 H&E와 ED-1 염색을 수행하였다. 위 실험결과 천연재료인 피브린이 PLGA의 이물반응을 감소시키는데 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.187-198
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• 1996

The industrial use of MMMF(man-made mineral fibers), has been increasing, particularly since the banning of most asbestos products. Fibrous minerals can cause health abnormalities currently associated with occupational exposure to glass fiber. This study was conducted to evaluate health risks of glass fiber manufactory workers within the country. We examined questionaries, physical examination including auscultation, chest x-ray, pulmonary function test for 488 male workers, to go through their dermal itching symptoms and respiratory evaluation. we had the results as follows. 1. In 45% of the workers itching had been expressed at their entrance. At that time we was investigating, 18.5% had itching, and most of them complained it when they fall asleep and night. The Sequent itching site is waist and groin, upper and lower extremity in order, and it had been expressed mainly during summer and winter. 2. As the results of ventilatory functions test, 6.0% were obstructive type, 1.0% were restrictive type. So, glass fiber exposures should be controlled or elimination by protective devices in the workplace. 3. The means of FVC, $FEV_1,\;FEV_1%$ were in normal range. As the comparison of ventilatory functions by age groups, MMF was decreased significantly for the group, 50 years old and more than other groups. And the comparison by the serving periods at glass fiber producing factory, MMF was decreased for the workers had worked for $11\sim15$ years. Therefore, MMF be more sensitive index in the evaluation of ventilatory impairments caused by glass fiber workers.