• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2009

It is very important to utilize effectively fibrous waste paper in terms of cost savings, environmental effects, and governmental policies. The quality of final products and runnability of papermaking process are primarily affected by constitutions of fibrous raw materials. In specific, board grade paper depends directly on compositions of waste paper bales. At present, the raw materials of board grade paper are mainly derived from lots kinds of wastepaper. Some papermaking countries, like EU, USA and Japan have advanced classification and management systems of recycled fiber, but Korea has not yet organized systematically. In this study, evaluation of wastepaper bale compositions and their fiber properties were carried out for effective utilization of fibrous raw materials for board grade paper production. 3 kinds of wastepaper bales were classified to fibrous or non-fibrous materials. In case of fibrous materials, KOCC, kraft sack paper and white duplex board matters were main component in total weight basis, and in case of non-fibrous materials, vinyl, plastic and cloth matters were main component, in turns. 3 representative kinds of waste paper were disintegrated and classified, and then prepared to handsheet for evaluation of recycled fiber property. Consequently, fines and ash content of waste paper, isolated from KOCC and white duplex board were higher than that of kraft sack paper. pH values of all kinds of waste fibers were neutral or weak alkaline.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 1973

In order to establish the chemical standards for the quality control of ginsentgextract, an approach for the assay of sapogenin contents in the part of main roots and fibrous side roots was performed by combination of preparative thin layer chromotographic procedure and vanillin-$H_{2}SO_{4}$ color reaction. The contents of dammarane aglycones as funcction of dammarane glycosides in 80%-EtOH extracts were analyzed by the method from the main roots and fibrous side roots of Korean ginseng grown for 4-6 years. The differences by their grown ages in the contents of dammarane glycosides, in the ratio of panaxadiol to panaxatriol contents, and in the mounts of 80% EtOH extract were not significant in the parts of main roots and fibrous side roots of Korean gingeng. Differences due to the part for medicinal uses were highly significant in all parameters mentioned, showing following results ; in the main roots ; 80% EtOH extract, 12.7-15.7 % : the ratio of aglycone composition, 0.955-1.012 : dammarane glycoside (as diglucoside bases), 1.537-1.863 ; in fibrous isde roots ; 80% EtOH extract, 26.0-26.02% : dammarane glycoside, 4.767-5.641 : the ratio, 1.456-1.50.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.50-58
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• 2005

It is generally known that paper industry is the second largest industry in the use of process water, and also have the highest environmental impact load in the contaminant sources. Paper is produced from the mixtures composed of 1% fibrous raw materials and 99% water. The optimum use of process water effects on the quality properties of paper and the environmental impact load of waste water treatment. In this research, the kinds of fibrous raw material & additives used in the paperboard production line were investigated, and the quantification of environmental loads and the environmental effects of process water on COD potential were evaluated. The NBDCODs were also analyzed from process water by the method of waste water treatment in paper mill and applied for the optimum use of recycling water, and zero effluent process. In the fibrous raw materials, KOCC caused the highest COD potentials, and sack paper & UKP was comparatively low. The NBDCOD of KOCC largely reduced after biological treatment because of easily biodegradable properties, but AOCC contained non-biodegradable materials. In chemical additives, COD was high in turns of rosin>starch>deaeration agent>dye, NBDCOD greatly reduced in starch and deaeration agent. In the case of 2 kinds of paperboard product, the COD potentials was mainly high in starch, AOCC and KOCC.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.209-209
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• 2006

Ultra-fine fibers are spun by expensive fiber spinning technology using special spinnerets. Ultra-fine fibrous materials have attracted considerable attentions because of their potential applications as high performance wiping cloths, water absorbent sound proofing materials and moisture transfer sporting good. However, production expense of ultra-fine fibers is 5 to 7 times higher than general textile materials. The objective of this research is to develop cost-effective recycling process to produce multi-functional ultra-fine fibrous material in terms of the development of garnetting and carding machines for ultra-fine fibrous material waste and scrap. The efficiency of sound absorption for the recycled polyester nonwoven increased with decreasing length and thickness of component fibers, which was attributed to the reduction of air permeability. It is expected that high value and cost-effective textile products are developed using ultra-fine fibrous wastes and that sound proofing material and oil absorbent f

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.58-69
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• 2012

As the meaning of dictionary terminology, scum refers to a layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid. In papermaking process, scum indicates the floated solid waste generated by a flotation process during the primary wastewater treatment. In this study, different kinds of stocks and scums collected from newspaper, liner, tissue and fine paper were analysed in details. The purpose of this study was firstly to demonstrate the composition characteristics of different sources of scum, secondly the analysis of environmental hazardous materials, and thirdly the evaluation of reutilization ability of fibrous materials from collected scum. As mentioned the meaning of solid waste, scum was actually differ from the waste sludge in sources, compositions and recycling abilities. In the same manner of waste paper, the sludge which is generated within onsite of papermaking processes would be reused as a raw material. The general compositions of scum from waste water were mainly inorganic ash materials, fine fibre fractions, recycled fibre debries, and ink particles. If the scum is able to reuse as fibrous additives in papermaking process, it could contribute to the savings of running costs in both the subsidiaries of fibrous material and the solid waste treatment with even small quantity.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.360-364
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• 2018

Asbestos has been banned in many countries but many countries, including developing countries, are still using asbestos or materials containing asbestos. Substitute materials have been studied and developed over a long period of time because of the hazards of asbestos, and many people have recently shown interest in the hazards of substitute materials. However, comprehensive information about the types of asbestos substitutes, their use and health hazards, and references for the protection for the health of workers is limited. The purpose of this study is to provide people in the related industries with information on the types and health hazards of fibrous materials that can be used as asbestos substitutes. According to the patent resources from the United States and Europe, fibrous materials have been used to develop asbestos-free products since before 1980. Recently, the health hazards of asbestos substitutes have been assessed and many additional researches are required. However, only some of the substitute materials have been assessed for health hazards, and health hazard data has not been sufficient in many cases. Therefore, efforts should be made to minimize workers' exposure to substitute materials that do not contain asbestos.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.410-415
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• 1997

Fibrious potassium hexatitanate whisker was produced from the calcination process using a mixture of the natural rutile ore and industrial $K_2CO_3$. Fibrous Potassium titanate was prepared by the following procedures the starting material consisting of $K_2O{\cdot}4.4TiO_2$ was calcined at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs. The calcined products obtained under the above condition consisted mainly of potassium hexatitanate with a small admixture of potassium dititanate and potassium tetratitanate. Therefore the single phase of potassium hexatitanate was obtained by heat treatment of $850^{\circ}C$, 3 hrs.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.902-912
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was two-folds; first, to investigate the type of soil contaminated in the Hunsang excavated from the Milchang-gun burial of Mapo for the purpose of proposing the adequate washing method, second, to utilize the chemical degradation result obtained from the previous research to identify the natural dye source used in the Hunsang textile. The application of KS K0251 test showed that the soil was more oleophilic than hydrophilic thus indicating that wet cleaning was more adequate that dry cleaning for the removal of Hunsang soil. The GC-MS result of the Hunsang extraction showed dimethyl phthalate and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol as its degradation product and these coincided with the degradation products from the alizarin standard data of previous research. The comparison of the two suggested that it is likely that Hunsang was dyed with madder which has alizarin as its major chromophore.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.580-587
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• 1996

Synthesis of long fibrous $K_2Ti_4O_9$ was attempted to find a method to produce long fibrous $K_2Ti_6O_{13}$ and other derivatives and also phase transformation of $K_2Ti_4O_9$ synthesized was investigated. Long fibrous $K_2Ti_4O_9$ was succesively synthesized by the calcination reaction under the following reaction conditions ; reaction temperature of $1050^{\circ}C$, $TiO_2$ mole ratio to $K_2CO_3$ of 2.8 and reaction time of 3hrs, and scattering of calcined products for 10hrs with hot boiling water. $K_2Ti_4O_9$ showed lower structural stability under heat treatment and the structure of $K_2Ti_4O_9$ was converted to $K_2Ti_6O_{13}$ under heating temperature of over $250^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2013

In the manufacture of corrugated box, the fibrous raw materials are mainly consisted of recycled papers, such as KOCC(Korean Old Corrugated Container), kraft sack, and AOCC(American Old Corrugated Container). Among these recycled waste paper, the proportion of KOCC is relatively higher than others in fibrous raw materials. Generally, KOCC shows some poor fiber properties and contains hazardous heavy metal sources. Therefore, it is to evaluate the property of recycled paper sources for eco-friendly corrugated box manufacture. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of 3 kinds of recycled fibers and their mixed stocks were analyzed. The environmental assessment was also evaluated by analyzing the 4 representative heavy metal contents and evaporation residues in waste papers. As the results, KOCC showed the poorest fiber qualities and had the highest heavy metal contents and evaporation residues among the recycled fibers. Finally, the mechanical strength properties were increased by decreasing KOCC proportion of mixed stock conditions. In addition, the heavy metal contents and evaporation residues were also decreased by increasing recycled AOCC and kraft sack proportion.