• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2006

석비레 성토지에서 고랭지배추 재배 시 시비 효율을 증대에 필요한 자료를 얻기 위하여, 중질소 추적자법을 이용한 라이시메터에서 경사도와 시비방법이 시용질소의 행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 석비레 성토지 토양으로 경사도가 5, 15 및 30%가 되도록 라이시메터 (폭 1.2m ${\times}$ 길이 1.6 m)를 충진한 후 중질소로 표지된 요소를 입자형태로 살포 (고형비료시비구) 하거나 관개수에 녹여 고랑관수 (관비구) 하였다. 토양 질소 중 시용한 요소로부터 유래한 질소가 차지하는 비율 (NDFF, nitrogen derived from fertilizer)은 경사도가 낮을수록, 또한 토양깊이가 얕을수록 증가하였다. 배추에 의한 시비 질소의 회수율은 경사도 5%에서 고형비료시비구 69.5%, 관비구 76.5%, 경사도 15%에서 고형비료시비구 65.0%, 관비구 70.2% 및 경사도 30%에서 고형비료시비구 56.1%, 관비구 62.3%로서 경사도가 낮을수록 높았으며 관비구가 고형비료시비구보다 높았다. 따라서 고랭지배추 재배시 관비형태의 시비방법을 사용하면 시용비료에 의한 환경오염을 감소시키고, 작물에 의한 시용비료의 이용률을 증가시키는데 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 1982

Potassium deficiency symptoms were studied with flue-cured tobacco which was applied with different levels of compound fertilizer (10-15-20) ; 75kg, 100hg, and 125kg/10a. Ratio of N/$K_2O$ in leaves was increased from bottom to top stalk position due to the increase of nitrogen content in leaves. Nitrogen content in leaves was increased from stalk to tip as wall as from midrib to laminae, but vice versa in potassium content. Consequently, resulting in potassium deficiency symptoms in tip of leaves. Rate of reabsorption by rainfall during the latter part of growth was highest at top stalk position in case of nitrogen, but lowest in potassium. This observation was more evident with higher application rate of fertilizer. Nitrogen content of about 4 % in leaves of top stalk position applied with 125kg/10a was maintained up to 85days after trans planting. No increase in potassium in upper leaves was observed over the level of 100kg/10a fertilizer application. As the result, N/$K_2O$ ratio in leaves of top stalk position applied with 125kg/10a was kept at more than 1.0 up to 85days after transplanting, but it was less than 0.9 at 65days after tracts planting with less than 100kg/10a fertilizer application.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the application effect of liquid fertilizer using pig cadavers on potato and corn cultivations in upland field. Field experiments were designed with control (Cn), liquid fertilizer (LF), inorganic fertilizer (IF), and LF + IF treatments. Crop yields in potato and corn cultivations were higher in the order of $LF+I{\geq_-}IF{\geq_-}LF$ > Cn treatments. The potato and corn yields in LF + IF treatment were 237% and 29% greater than those in Cn treatment, respectively. Following crops harvest, soil status was improved, showing greater soil chemical properties in the LF treated areas compared to those in the Cn treatment. In addition, total $CO_2$ fluxes in LF + IF treatment during potato and corn cultivations were significantly increased compared with Cn and IF treatments. Therefore, these results suggest that LF application was effective on crop cultivation and improvement of soil fertility.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.307-311
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the dynamics of soil respiration (total soil and heterotrophic respiration) following fertilizer application in red pine forests. Fertilizer (N:P:K = 113:150:37 kg/ha), which reflects current practices in Korean forest, was applied in April 2011, and total soil and heterotrophic respiration rates were monitored from April 2011 to March 2012. Monthly variation of total soil and heterotrophic respiration rates were similar between the fertilizer and control treatments, as soil temperature was the dominant factor controlling the both rates. Total soil respiration rates during the study period were not significantly different between the fertilizer (0.504 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$) and control (0.501 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$) treatments. However, the proportion of heterotrophic respiration was higher in the fertilizer (78% of total soil respiration rates) than in the control (62% of total soil respiration rates) treatments. These results suggest that current fertilizer practices in Korea forest soil do not substantially affect total soil respiration rates.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

This study was to examine growth, carbon and nitrogen responses in foliage following forest fertilization in a red pine stand. Two types of fertilizer (N:P:K=113:150:37 kg $ha^{-1}$; P:K=150:37 kg $ha^{-1}$) were applied on late April 2011. Growth, carbon and nitrogen responses of foliage were monitored 3 times (July, September, November) after fertilization. Morphological growth responses (dry mass, leaf area, specific leaf area) with foliage age were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by fertilizer application, while needle dry mass and leaf area of July were significantly lower in current-year-old than in one-year-old or two-year-old needles of September or November. Carbon concentration and content in foliage was little affected by fertilizer application compared with sampling month or needle age, while the NPK fertilizer produced high nitrogen concentration and content of foliage. The results indicate that nitrogen concentration and content in foliage may serve as an indicator of the nitrogen status by fertilization in a red pine stand.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the possible use of volcano eruption sand at Merapi mountain area compared with clayey soil, alfisol as turfgrass growing media. Indonesia has abundant source of eruption sand and clayey soil. Native zoysiagrass (Z. matrella) was collected from Sleman district and seashore paspalum (P. vaginatum) from Solo region. The experimental plots were treated with both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Zoysiagrass and seashore paspalum can grow on the mixture of eruption volcano sand and alfisol soil. Fertilizers application increased turf color, surface coverage rate and recovery rate of turfgrass. While fertilizer treated alfisol have no effect on the length and dry weight of zoysiagrass root. Mixing of volcano eruption sand on growing media resulted in longer root length, higher shoot dry weight of zoysiagrass than in alfisol soil. Type of fertilizer affected the pH, soil organic matter, total N, available P, available K and electrical conductivity of sand and alfisol after cultivation. Similarly to zoysiagrass, the recovery of seashore paspalum was increased by application of fertilizer, even the inorganic fertilizer showed faster recovery than organic fertilizer. Surface coverage of seashore paspalum was faster than that of zoysiagrass with or without fertilizer.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

벼 재배시 본답의 기비와 분얼비를 대체하여 묘판에 1회 시비하는 용출제어형 입상배합(Bulk Blending) 피복비료를 시용 후 벼 생육과 수량, 품질, 경제성 등 완효성비료의 처리효과를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 개발된 육묘상비료의 T-N용출량은 온도가 높을수록 빨라졌고 온도에 관계 없이 분얼비 시용 시점인 14일경부터 높아져 21일경 최고에 달했다. 2. 이앙 후 60일에서 질소흡수이용율은 표준시비 28.6%에 비하여 개발된 육묘상 비료가 높았으며 200 g시비구에서 73.1%, 300 g시비구에서 66.1%로 나타났다. 3. 생육단계별(최고분얼기, 유슈형성기 등) 초장, 경수, SPAD값 생육상황은 개발된 육묘상비료 300 g/상자 시비에서 표준과 대등하였다. 4. 성숙기에도 간장, 수장, 단위면적당 수수는 개발된 육묘상비료 300 g/상자 이상 시비구에서 표준과 같거나 많았다. 5. 10a당 백미수량은 개발된 육묘상비료 시용량이 많을수록 증가하였다. 시비량별로 보면 표준시비 528 kg 대비 개발된 육묘상 비료 300 g/상자 이상 시비구에서 525~552 kg으로 대등하거나 많았다. 6. 백미 품질은 개발된 육묘상비료 시용량이 많을 수록 단백질함량은 증가하였으며 완전미율, 아밀로스함량, 백도, 투명도는 비료량이 적을수록 증가하는 경향이었다. 7. 따라서 표준시비량 이상의 수량과 품질 및 경제적인 측면을 고려한 개발된 육묘상 비료의 적정 시비량은 300 g/상자(실비. 9 kg/10 a)이었다. 8. 시비량은 육묘상비료가 표준시비에 비해 49.3% 절감되었고, 시비노동력도 49.2% 절감되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1979

규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)를 이앙(移秧) 전년(前年) 추시(秋施)했을 때와 이앙(移秧) 직전(直前) 춘시(春施)했을 때의 시용시기(施用時期) 및 입도(粒度)의 차이(差異)가 밀양 23호와 진흥의 수량(收量)에 미치는 효과를 검토할 목적(目的)으로 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였다. 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 시용(施用)(250kg/10a)에 의(依)하여 정조수량(正租收量) 및 고중(藁重)의 증가는 현저하였으나 시용시기(施用時期)에 대한 유의성(有意性)은 없었다. 입시(秋施)에 의(依)한 규산시용(珪酸施用)의 효과는 춘시(春施)한 것에 비(比)하여 다소 떨어지는 경향(傾向)을 나타낼 뿐이었다. 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 입도(粒度)가 클수록 수도(水稻)의 수량(收量)에 미치는 규산시용(珪酸施用)의 효과는 떨어지는 경향(傾向)이었으나 8-25(60%)와 현행규산질비료(現行珪酸質肥料)는 대등한 것으로 평가(評價)되었다. 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 시용(施用)에 의하여 대체로 주당수수와 수당입수가 증가된 반면(反面) 등숙률(登熟率)과 천립중(千粒重)은 떨어지는 경향(傾向)이었으나 추시구의 진흥에서는 입도(粒度)에 따라 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)의 변화경향이 일정(一定)치 않았다. 경엽의 규산함량(珪酸含量)은 진흥에서 높고 정조(正租)의 규산함량(珪酸含量)은 밀양23호에서 높았으며 품종간(品種間) 규산함량(珪酸含量)의 차(差)는 수확기(收穫期)보다는 이앙(移秧)50일후(日後) 식물체(植物體)에서 현저하였다. 규산함량(珪酸含量)에 미치는 시용시기(施用時期) 및 입도(粒度)의 영향은 이앙(移秧)50일후(日後) 식물체의 규산함량(珪酸含量)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으며 수확기(收穫期)의 규산함량(珪酸含量)에서는 진흥의 고중(藁中) 규산함량(珪酸含量)에 대한 입도(粒度)의 영향만이 인정(認定)되었다. 토양(土壤)의 유효규산함량은 시험전 36.7ppm에서 규산시용(珪酸施用)에 의하여 수확후(收穫後)에 춘시구에서는 159.5~273.8ppm, 추시구에서는 80.3~134.4ppm으로 증가되었다. 춘시구에서는 8-25(60%)를 시용(施用)한 경우에 가장 높았으며 추시구에서는 현행규산질비료(現行珪酸質肥料)와 8-25(60%)를 시용(施用)한 경우의 차(差)가 적었다. 결론적(結論的)으로 8-25(60%)는 현행규산질비료(現行珪酸質肥料)와 대등한 것으로 평가(評價)되며 추시(秋施)에 의(依)해서도 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 효과를 충분(充分)히 얻을 수 있으나 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 잔효에 대하여는 새로운 연구검토가 요구(要求)됨을 지적(指摘)하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2006

This study was conducted to design and fabricate a controller for variable-rate application of granular fertilizer based on physical and chemical information, to analyze the performance of the controller and characteristics of a discharger. The result of the study are summarized as follows: 1. The charge ratios of discharger by accumulation heights of fertilizer in hopper were examined, and the variations in charge ratio were $72.58{\sim}93.33%$ and $63.14{\sim}94.42%$ for the fertilizers Super 21 and Sinsedae, respectively. The charge ratio also decreased as the rotational speed of discharger increased. 2. The coefficient of variation of discharge amount by rotational speed and discharge time of discharger were in the range of $2.94{\sim}11.23%$ and $2.82{\sim}10.80%$ for the fertilizer of Super 21 and Sinsedae. Except the rotational speed of 12 rpm, the coefficient of variation for discharge amount were relatively small with 4% more or less 3. In order to evaluate the rotational speed of discharger, the control signal in the range of $0{\sim}5V$ was subdivided into the 50 steps by 0.1V. The regression equation for the rotational speed of discharger was Y=55.984X-79.174(X: input voltage, V, Y: discharger speed, RPM) and the $R^2$ was 0.99. 4. In order to evaluate the performance of the controller for variable-rate application of granular fertilizer, settling time to unit step input was examined. The settling time varied from 0.8sec to 1.4 sec.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.635-641
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• 2012

In Korea, slurry composted and biofiltered (SCB) liquid fertilizer is produced through the composting and biofiltering of animal waste. An appropriate guidelines involving proper treatment of SCB liquid fertilizer on turfgrass should be considered. An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum application amount, timing, and frequency of SCB liquid fertilizer for Zoysia japonica 'Millock'. The SCB liquid fertilizer was applied in low, medium, and high amount (N at 15, 25, and 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year in 2010, and 10, 20, and 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year in 2011, respectively) and treated during the growing season or dormancy period. During the growing season, SCB liquid fertilizer was applied twice or four times. The greatest improvement in turf quality for both years was in SCB plots applied four times with N at 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year during the growing season (SH4). This treatment exhibited turf color retention in the fall, and enhanced clipping yield during the growing and fall seasons. SCB plots with four times during the growing season (SL4, SM4, and SH4) exhibited higher shoot density relative to the same amount of other SCB treatments. Plots treated during the dormancy period also showed a high turf color index during the next growing season in 2011. The results indicate that SCB with high amount up to N at 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year applied four times during the growing season and dormant application produced high turf quality and growth, and could be recommended as an optimum application guide.