• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.731-743
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• 2018

배추 유기재배 시 녹비작물과 추비방법이 배추의 생육과 질소이용에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 2012년부터 2014년까지 수원에 있는 국립농업과학원 포장에서 시험을 수행하였다. 녹비작물은 여름철 크로타라리아와 겨울철 헤어리베치를 이용하였다. 녹비처리 방법은 전면경운 토양혼입방법과 부분경운 토양혼입방법, 그리고 무경운 예취피복처리를 비교하였다. 추비방법은 녹비만 처리한 것과 녹비 처리 후 유박과 액비로 추비한 처리를 비교 하였다. 시험결과 녹비 처리 방법은 예취 후에 경운하여 토양혼입 하는 것보다 무경운 피복처리 하는 것이 좋았다. 봄배추재배 시 동계 녹비작물 헤어리베치 재배로 정상적인 생육과 수량이 가능하였고 관행의 화학비료 처리구에 비하여 무름병과 Tip-burn 발생이 적어 수량성도 높았다. 가을재배에서는 녹비 연속재배와 유박 추비로 관행의 화학비료처리구와 비슷한 수량을 보였다. 하지만 하계 단기성 녹비작물 재배 시에는 관행 수량의 70% 내외에 그쳤다. 녹비재배에 이은 액비 활용 양분관리로 관행과 비슷한 수량이 가능하였고 토양중 무기태 질소가 안정적으로 유지되고 질소이용효율도 향상되었다. 결론적으로 배추 유기재배를 위해서는 겨울과 여름 녹비작물을 재배하고 가을 작기를 선택하여 액비로 추비하는 것이 권장된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1998

은행나무 3년생 묘목에 각기 다른 수준의 질소, 인, 질소와 인 복합비료를 시비하고, 묘목의 생장 및 엽내 양분과 유용 추출물의 농도를 측정하였다. 시비 후 묘목의 잎, 줄기, 뿌리의 생체량은 고농도 질소와 인 복합비료 처리구 이외에서는 변화가 없었으며, 엽내 질소와 인 농도의 변화 정도는 시비량에 따라 차이가 있었다. 일반적으로 엽내 질소와 인의 농도는 시비량 증가에 따라 증가하나, 질소 시비량이 400kg/ha인 경우와 인 시비량이 100kg/ha에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 묘목 생장량과 엽내 양분 농도를 고려할 때 묘목은 질소와 인이 결핍된 상태에 있었던 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 시비 후 엽내 이차 대사 물질인 Ginkgo flavon glycosides와 terpene lactones의 농도는 감소하였으며, 은행나무 묘목에서 생체량과 이차 대사 물질량 사이에는 부의 상관관계 (r=-0.739, p=0.036)가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 1988

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects of culture temperature and time on the in vitro maturation and semen type and media on the in vitro fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes, and to asses in vitro fertilization rate of oocytes cultured by extraffollicular method following fertilization in vitro, or transfer into the pseudopregnant rabbit oviduct or uterus. The bovine oocytes recovered from follicles were cultrued for 18 hrs or 72hrs at 38$^{\circ}C$ with 5% CO2 in moist air. Flesh-diluted(2 folds) and frozen-thawed semen in 0.5ml straw from a fertile bull were used. In order to obtain capacitation of spermatozoa were treated with bovine follicular fluids(BFF) and Inophore A(IA). The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The oocytes were classified as "A, B, C, D and Degenerative" depending morphological integrity and those were 62.0%, 12.0%, 17.2%, 5.9% and 3.0% of the total oocytes harvested, respectively. 2. The oocytes matured to metaphase II were significantly increased between 24-48hrs of incubation and at 37-39$^{\circ}C$ with 5% CO2 in moist air. 3. The in vitro fertilization rate following transferred into rabbit oviduct or uterus with bull semen and in vitro matured oocytes were higher ligation than non-ligation of oviduct or uterus. 4. The in vitro fertilization rate of oocytes matured in vitro were higher neat than frozen semen and treatment of IA than BFF on the capacitation of spermatozoa. 5. The effects of semen types and media on in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro were higher fertilization rate of neat than friozen semen, and media was not significant.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 소나무 용기묘와 노지묘를 대상으로 조림과정에서 5가지 시비 처리(무시비, 심층시비 20, 50, 100g 및 표층시비 20g)에 따른 생존율, 생장 특성 및 묘목품질지수를 조사 분석하였다. 조림지에 묘목 식재 시 시비처리에 따른 생존율은 처리구별 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으며, 심층시비 100 g 시비를 실시하여도 과량 시비에 의한 피해를 보이지 않았다. 소나무 용기묘와 노지묘의 연차별 근원경과 묘고 생장은 심층시비 100 g에서 가장 높았으며 또한, 물질생산량과 묘목품질지수에서도 생장 특성과 같은 경향이 나타났다. 모든 시비 처리구에서 전반적으로 용기묘가 노지묘보다 우수한 생장을 보였으며, 적정 시비 처리에 따른 효과 또한 용기묘가 노지묘보다 더 높은 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2004

관개수 수질을 고려한 감비가 벼의 생산성과 농업환경에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험에 사용된 관개수의 질소 인, 칼륨의 평균함량은 각각 6.16, 0.26, 9.37 mg/L 이었고, 유입된 영양염류가 논을 통과하면서 농도가 감소되어 유출수의 성분은 유입된 관개수보다는 낮은 농도를 보였으며, 논 표면수와 침출수의 농도는 시비량과 시비시기에 따라 변화하였다. 토양검정 50% 시비구에서는 질소의 공급량과 소비량간의 차이가 0.14 kg/ha으로 나타나 양분수지면에서 균형을 이룬 반면, 농가관행시비구에서는 그 차이가 95.3 kg/ha로 나타났다. 농가관행시비구에 비해 토양검정시비구와 토양검정 50% 시비구는 등숙률, 천립중, 도정특성 등이 우수하여 완전미수량에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 시비량이 적을수록 단백질 함량 또한 적어, 기계적인 식미치가 높게 나타나 품질에서 우수하였다. 시비효율에서는 토양검정 50% 처리에서 시비된 성분이 수량에 기여하는 비율이 높아서 시비이용과 효율면에서 우수한 결과를 보였다. 이상과 같이, 관개수에 포함된 영양물질을 작물의 생육에 이용함으로서, 농업용수의 수자원 이용효율을 높이는 동시에, 비료 절감효과와 생산량 증대의 가능성을 검토할 수 있었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine a fertilization rate for productivity and nutritive value improvement of silage corn, using two kinds of composts, and to examine the potential possibility of utilization as an organic fertilizer. The experiment was conducted on the field plot at Gongiam, Kwangju, Kyunggi-Do for 3 years, from 1996 to 1998, and arranged in split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were two kinds of composts such as swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS) and swine manure fermented without sawdust (SMF). Subplots were the nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400kgN/ha/year). The dry matter (DM) yield increased as the nitrogen fertilization rate increased up to a rate of 300 kg N/ha, but decreased at rate of 400 kg N/ha. Dry matter yield in SMFWS treatment was higher than that of SMF treatment, but there was no significant difference between SMFWS and SMF treatments. Net energy for lactation (NEI) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in corn increased as the fertilization rate of SMFWS and SMF increased, and crude protein (CP) content increased by the fertilization of SMFWS and SMF. No difference of CP, NEI and TDN was found between SMFWS and SMF treatments.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

In an experiment conducted at the research field of the National Institute of Agricultural Science, we investigated the effects of mineral fertilizer and rice straw compost on exchangeable potassium and K balances, and rice grain yield under a rice single system. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (N), inorganic fertilizer (N, P, K) plus rice straw compost at rates of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and $30.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ (NPKC7.5, NPKC15.0, NPKC22.5, and NPKC30.0, respectively). The inorganic fertilizers(N, P, K) were added with standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), and potassium ($K_2O$) were applied with $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Exchangeable potassium for NPKC15.0 NPKC22.5, and NPK30.0 treatments was higher by $0.05{\sim}0.19cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ than that of NPKC7.5 treatment. Increasing levels of rice straw compost resulted in an increase in the K balance from - $19.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ (No fert.) to $41.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ at NPKC22.5 treatment and $62.9kg\;ha^{-1}$ at NPKC30.0 treatment. Continuous application of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers affected significantly the rice grain yields. The result of the study imply that the application of more than $22.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers are recommended as the best fertilization practice for enhancement of crop production and K supplying power of soil in the continuous rice cropping system.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 1994

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) was known as effective method in treatments of couples who unable to be helped by conventional in vitro fertilization. In 78 treatment cycles of 78 infertile couples using ICSI performed at our infertility clinic between May and August 1994 were analyzed. These patients were classified two groups, andrological factor(AF) and non-andrological factor(non-AF) group. The AF group, which had abnormal sperm physiology, included oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia(OATS) and microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration(MESA) patients. The non-AF group, which had abnormal oocyte physiology, included abnormal zona pellucida, poor quality of oocyte and immune factor infertile patients. A single spermatozoon was injected into the ooplasm of 776 metaphase II oocytes. The fertilization rate was 44.6%(346/776) and 319 embryos were transferred. After 73 embryo transfers(93.6% of treatment cycles) 23 pregnancies were estabilshed, i. e. pregnancy rate of 29.4% per started cycle and 31.5% per embryo transfer. Fertilization rate of AF and non-AF group was 46.2% and 35.8%, pregnancy rate was 34.5%(20/58) and 20.0%(3/15), respectively. In order to increase the pregnancy rate, assisted hatching(AHA) has done after lCSl in 47 treatment cycles. Pregnancy rate of ICSI with AHA and without AHA group was 34. 0% (16/47) and 26.9%(7/26), respectively. ICSI was more effective in andrological factor infertility and the pregnancy rate was increased by ICSI with AHA procedure.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization with the application of mixed organic matter after cultivating green manure crops on the growth and saponin content of Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv. Methods and Results: Five type of cultivation of green manure crops were done: hairy vetch as a single seedling crop (HV), hairy vetch and rye as a mixture of seedling (HV/R), additional fertilization with mixed organic matter after cultivation of a seedling mixture (HV/R/MO), chemical fertilizer (CF), and a non-treated control (NT). The total nitrogen content was the highest in the HV/R/MO treatment, followed by the HV, CF, HV/R and NT treatments, respectively. Nitrogen fixation was higher in the single seedling treatment with hairy vetch (HV) than in the treatment with a mixture of hairy vetch and rye seedling (HV/R). Moreover, the growth of C. lanceolata was greatly increased by the application of additional fertilizer after treatment with the mixture of hairy vetch and rye seedlings. The HV/R/MO treatment produced the highest total lancemaside content among the treatments, followed by HV, HV/R, CF, and NT, respectively. Conclusions: It was verified that C. lanceolata experienced superior growth with the application of mixed organic matter as additional fertilizer after the cultivation of green manure crops, and the content of its major saponins, lancemasides were also increased by this treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1292-1298
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• 2022

Soil autotrophic bacterial communities play a significant role in the soil carbon (C) cycle in paddy fields, but little is known about how rhizosphere soil microorganisms respond to different long-term (35 years) fertilization practices under double rice cropping ecosystems in southern China. Here, we investigated the variation characteristics of rhizosphere soil RubisCO gene cbbL in the double rice ecosystems of in southern China where such fertilization practices are used. For this experiment we set up the following fertilizer regime: without any fertilizer input as a control (CK), inorganic fertilizer (MF), straw returning (RF), and organic and inorganic fertilizer (OM). We found that abundances of cbbL, 16S rRNA genes and RubisCO activity in rhizosphere soil with OM, RF and MF treatments were significantly higher than that of CK treatment. The abundances of cbbL and 16S rRNA genes in rhizosphere soil with OM treatment were 5.46 and 3.64 times higher than that of CK treatment, respectively. Rhizosphere soil RubisCO activity with OM and RF treatments increased by 50.56 and 45.22%, compared to CK treatment. Shannon and Chao1 indices for rhizosphere soil cbbL libraries with RF and OM treatments increased by 44.28, 28.56, 29.60, and 23.13% compared to CK treatment. Rhizosphere soil cbbL sequences with MF, RF and OM treatments mainly belonged to Variovorax paradoxus, uncultured proteobacterium, Ralstonia pickettii, Thermononospora curvata, and Azoarcus sp.KH33C. Meanwhile, cbbL-carrying bacterial composition was obviously influenced by soil bulk density, rhizosphere soil dissolved organic C, soil organic C, and microbial biomass C contents. Fertilizer practices were the principal factor influencing rhizosphere soil cbbL-carrying bacterial communities. These results showed that rhizosphere soil autotrophic bacterial communities were significantly changed under conditions of different long-term fertilization practices Therefore, increasing rhizosphere soil autotrophic bacteria community with crop residue and organic manure practices was found to be beneficial for management of double rice ecosystems in southern China.