Effects of Fertilization Treatments on Growth of Container and Bare Root Seedlings of Pinus densiflora

시비처리가 소나무 용기묘와 노지묘의 생육에 미치는 영향

  • Cho, Min-Seok (Forest Practice Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Gil-Nam (Dept. of Forest Genetic Resources, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Tae (Forest Practice Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Moon, Hyun-Shik (Dept. of For. Environ. Res., Gyeongsang National Univ.(Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.))
  • 조민석 (국립산림과학원 산림생산기술연구소) ;
  • 김길남 (국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부) ;
  • 이상태 (국립산림과학원 산림생산기술연구소) ;
  • 문현식 (경상대학교 산림환경자원학(농업생명과학연구원))
  • Received : 2012.02.06
  • Accepted : 2012.04.27
  • Published : 2012.04.30

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate effects of fertilization treatments (non-fertilizing, deep-fertilizing 20g, 50g, 100g, and surface-fertilizing 20g) on survival rate, growth performances, and seedling quality index (SQI) of container seedling and bare root seedling of Pinus densiflora in the field. There were no significantly differences in survival rate among fertilization treatments in the field. Besides, there was no toxic effect on seedling by over 100g fertilization in deep-fertilizing treatment. The root collar diameter and height of P. densiflora in both seedling types were the highest at 100g fertilization in deep-fertilizing treatments, and the biomass products and SQI were the same as above growth of root collar diameter and height. In most of the treatments, container seedlings showed better growth performances than bare root seedlings. In optimal fertilization, effect of fertilization was higher in container seedling than bare root seedling.

본 연구에서는 소나무 용기묘와 노지묘를 대상으로 조림과정에서 5가지 시비 처리(무시비, 심층시비 20, 50, 100g 및 표층시비 20g)에 따른 생존율, 생장 특성 및 묘목품질지수를 조사 분석하였다. 조림지에 묘목 식재 시 시비처리에 따른 생존율은 처리구별 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으며, 심층시비 100 g 시비를 실시하여도 과량 시비에 의한 피해를 보이지 않았다. 소나무 용기묘와 노지묘의 연차별 근원경과 묘고 생장은 심층시비 100 g에서 가장 높았으며 또한, 물질생산량과 묘목품질지수에서도 생장 특성과 같은 경향이 나타났다. 모든 시비 처리구에서 전반적으로 용기묘가 노지묘보다 우수한 생장을 보였으며, 적정 시비 처리에 따른 효과 또한 용기묘가 노지묘보다 더 높은 것으로 조사되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aranda, I., L. Gil, and J. A. Pardos. 2002. Physiological responses of Fagus sylvatica L. seedlings under Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus pyrenaica Will. overstories. For. Ecol. Manage. 162: 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00502-3
  2. Auchmoody, L. R. 1982. Response of young black cherry stands to fertilization. Can. J. For. Res. 12: 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1139/x82-046
  3. Auchmoody, L. R. 1985. Evaluating growth responses to fertilization. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 877-880. https://doi.org/10.1139/x85-141
  4. Bayala, J., M. Dianda, J. Wilson, S. J. Ouèdraogo, and K. Sanon. 2009. Predicting field performance of five irrigated tree species using seedling quality assessment in Burkina Faso, West Africa. New Forests 38: 309-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9149-4
  5. Byun, J. K., Y. S. Kim, M. J. Yi, Y. W. Son, C. S. Kim, J. H. Jeong, C. Y. Lee, and Y. H. Jeong. 2007. Growth response of Pinus densiflora, Larix Leptolepis, Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Quercus acutissima seedlings at various levels of fertilization. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 96: 693-698.
  6. Cho, M. S., K. N. Kim, K. W. Kwon, and S. W. Lee. 2010. Effect of planting season and vegetation competition on growth performances of containerized seedlings of Pinus densiflora. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 99: 359-367.
  7. Deans, J. D., W. L. Mason, M. G. R. Cannell, A. L. Sharpe, and L. J. Sheppard. 1989. Growing regimes for bare-root stock of Sitka spruce, Douglas fir and Scots pine. 1. Morphology at the end of the nursery phase. Forestry 62: 53-60.
  8. Hughes, A. P. and P. R. Freeman. 1967. Growth analysis using frequent small harvests. J. Appl. Ecol. 4: 553-560. https://doi.org/10.2307/2401356
  9. Hwang, J. O., Y. W. Son, M. J. Yi, J. K. Byoun, H. J. Jung, and C. Y. Lee. 2003. Studies on relationship between composition and type of fertilizer and seedling I. Influence on biomass, specific leaf area and chlorophyll content. J. Korean For. En. 22: 44- 53.
  10. Jeong, J. H. K. S. Koo, C. H. Lee, and C. S. Kim. 2002. Physico-chemical properties of Korean forest soils by regions. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 91: 694-700.
  11. Kerstin, H. D. 1986. Growth and production of leaf litter nitrogen by Alnusincana in response to liming and fertilization on degenerated forest soil. Can. J. For. Res. 16: 847-853. https://doi.org/10.1139/x86-149
  12. Khasa, P. D., L. Sigler, P. Chakravarty, B. P. Dancik, L. Erickson, and D. Mc Curdy. 2001. Effect of fertilization on growth and ectomycorrhizal development of container- grown and bare-root nursery conifer seedlings. New Forests 22: 179-197. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015674921878
  13. Kim, J. J., K. H. Song, and T. S. Yoon. 2008. Optimum management for overwintering of Pinus densiflora container seedlings. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 97: 53-60.
  14. Kwon, K. W., M. S. Cho, G. N. Kim, S. W. Lee, and K. H. Jang. 2009. Photosynthetic characteristics and growth performances of containerized seedling and bare root seedling of Quercus acutissima growing at different fertilizing schemes. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 98: 331-338.
  15. Li, B., H. L. Allen, and S. E. McKeand. 1991. Nitrogen and family effects on biomass allocation of loblolly-pine seedlings. For. Sci. 37: 271-283.
  16. Lee, C. Y. and B. W. Park. 1988. Prospects and effect of forest fertilization. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 77: 109-115.
  17. Lee, S. W., J. H. Choi, S. K. Yoo, S. K. Kim, J. H. Bae, and H. S. Kyo. 2006. Effect of raw material properties on growth characteristics of broad-leaved container seedlings. J. Bio-Envir. Con. 15: 244-249.
  18. Leiva, M. J. and R. Fernandez-Ales. 1998. Variability in seedling water status during drought within a Quercus ilex subsp. ballota population, and its relation to seedling morphology. For. Ecol. Manage. 111: 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00320-X
  19. Lloret, F., C. Casanovas, and J. Penuelas. 1999. Seedling survival of Mediterranean shrubland species in relation to root:shoot ratio, seed size and water and nitrogen use. Func. Ecol. 13: 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00309.x
  20. Malik, V. and V. R. Timmer. 1998. Biomass partitioning and nitrogen retranslocation in black spruce seedlings on competitive mixedwood sites: a bioassay study. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 206-215. https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-207
  21. Mcdonald, P. M. 1991. Container seedlings outperform barefoot stock: Survival and growth after 10 years. New Forests 5: 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00029305
  22. Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(MIFAFF). 2009. Development of container production system for high seedling quality. MIFAFF. pp. 271.
  23. Oskarsson, H., A. Sigurgeirsson, and K. Raulund- Rasmussen. 2006. Survival, growth, and nutrition of tree seedlings fertilized at planting on Andisol soils in Iceland; Six-year results. For. Ecol. Manage. 229: 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.018
  24. Proe, M. F. and P. Millard. 1994. Relationships between nutrient supply, nitrogen partitioning and growth in young Sitka spruce(picea sitchensis). Tree Physiol. 14: 75-88. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/14.1.75
  25. Rikala, R. and Repo T. 1997. The effect of late summer fertilization on the frost hardening of secondyear Scots pine seedlings. New Forests 14: 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006505919556
  26. Rural Development Administration(RDA). 2002. Standard analysis of media. RDA. pp. 191.
  27. SAS Institute Inc. 2000. SAS/STAT TM Guide for Personal Computer. Version 8 Edition. SAS Institute Inc., N.C. pp. 1026.
  28. Sestak, Z., J. Catsky, and P. G. Jarvis. 1971. Plant Photosynthetic Production Manual of Methods. The Hague. Hertogenbosch. pp. 818.
  29. Shin, J. A. Y. W. Son, S. G. Hong, and Y. K. Kim. 1999. Effect of N and P fertilization on nutrient use efficiency of Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis, and Betula platyphylla var. japonica seedlings. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 18: 304-309.
  30. Son, Y. W., Z. S. Kim, J. H. Hwang, and J. S. Park. 1998. Fertilization effects on growth, foliar nutrients and extract concentrations in ginkgo seedlings. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 87: 98-105.
  31. Tsakaldimi, M., T. Zagas, T. Tsitsoni, and P. Ganatsas. 2005. Root morphology, stem growth and field performance of seedlings of two Mediterranean evergreen oak species raised in different container types. Plant and Soil 278: 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-2580-1
  32. Wallenda, T., C. Schaeffer, W. Einig, A. Wingler, R. Hampp, B. Seith, E. George, and H. Marschner. 1996. Effects of varied soil nitrogen supply on Norway spruce(Picea abies [L.] Karst.) II. Carbon metabolism in needles and mycorrhizal roots. Plant and Soil 186: 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02415531
  33. Won, H. K., Y. Y. Lee, J. H. Jeong, K. S. Koo, C. H. Lee, S. W. Lee, Y. H. Jeong, C. S. Kim, and H. H. Kim. 2006. Fertilization effects on soil properties, understory vegetation structure and growth of Pinus densiflora seedlings planted after forest fires. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 95: 334-341.