• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated intentions and attitudes towards future parenthood and awareness of fertility among university students in South Korea. Methods: The participants comprised 166 female and male undergraduate students enrolled at five universities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2019 using the Korean version of the Fertility Awareness Questionnaire and Attitudes of Parenthood. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on participants' general characteristics, the χ² test to identify differences in intentions, and the t-test to evaluate attitudes towards parenthood and awareness of fertility in female and male students. Results: Both female and male students desired to have two children, but they lacked awareness about fertility. The possibility of combining work and having children, along with the availability of childcare resources, impacted the desire for parenthood. Male students tended to consider parenthood as less impactful on their lives and careers than female students. Social structures might also impact the decision to have children. Conclusion: It is important to provide health education emphasizing fertility awareness and parenthood in young adulthood so participants can consider these facts in advance. In addition, the government should provide resources for couples making parenthood decisions.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2022

Although the globally known one-child policy in China was abolished in 2016, the overall fertility rate in the country declined to 1.3 in 2020. In this study, we examined whether the achievement of major developmental tasks during the childrearing stage was associated with intentions to have a second child among Chinese married women. Based on family development theory, we included parenting adaptation, division of childcare responsibilities with the partner, and marital adjustment as key developmental tasks during the childrearing stage. The participants of this study were 315 married Chinese women who lived with a spouse and a child who had not yet entered elementary school. Data were collected through an online survey in February and March 2021. A multiple regression analysis of the data revealed that a lower level of economic parenting stress, a higher level of fairness in dividing childcare responsibilities with the partner, and a more positive change in their marital relationship after having the first child were associated with greater intentions to have a second child.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.151-171
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between family-friendly policies in working places and the childbearing intentions of married-employed women. The analysis included 415 married working women from the 2012 wave of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family. The factors influencing the childbearing intentions of the women were age, education, number of children under age 18, childbirth leave, childcare facilities, and flextime. The women whose work-places provided childbirth leave had stronger childbearing intentions. The women under age 35 had stronger childbearing intentions when their work-places had flextime policies. In conclusion, my recommendation is that the government should pay more attention to the micro-personal factors, such as the Family-friendly Workplace Practices proposed in this study, when executing policies to reverse the current trend of low fertility.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.200-229
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of youth job policy measures, set forth in Korea's 2016-2020 Third Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Aging Society (December 2015), on marriage and fertility among young people. Based on the results, we provide theoretical explanations for the findings and suggest policy alternatives to overcome the low fertility phenomenon in Korea. Previous studies have shown that employment is an important factor for marriage among youth, and a job policy could increase marriage and fertility rates. To test this assumption, we performed an exact matching between Statistics Korea's Employee-Enterprise Linkage DB and the Newlyweds DB from 2011 to 2019, in order to identify all young people aged 15-34. Then, linear spline regression analysis was used to examine the impact of the youth job policy on marriage and fertility. Comparing the period before the implementation of the employment policy (2011-2015) and after (2016-2019), the fertility rate increased as the number of young people looking for work increased. In addition, it was found that these impacts were greater after the implementation of the measures (2016-2019) than before (2011-2015). It is interesting to note that job growth among young people did not lead to an increase in marriage. However, the number of births significantly increased when young people who occupy jobs got married, which seems to be related to the delay in marriage among young people who are employed. Survey results about the intentions to marry and views on fertility are utilized for the explanation of the study results.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2022

본 연구는 미혼 남녀의 출산의도에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하기 위해 계획된 행위이론을 적용한 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료 수집은 미혼 남녀 168명을 대상으로 2021년 4월 5일부터 4월23일까지 이루어졌다. 연구결과 일반적 특성에서 남성이 여성보다 출산의도가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며, 연령과 학력이 높을수록, 직업이 있는 경우, 비정규직인 대상자의 출산의도가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 계획적 행위이론(TPB)을 구성하는 변수 간의 상관관계를 살펴 본 결과, 출산에 대한 태도가 긍정적일수록, 주관적 규범이 클수록, 지각된 행위통제가 클수록 출산의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 츨신의도에 미치는 요인을 남성, 여성으로 나누어 분석한 결과, 남성의 경우 출산 태도만이 출산의도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 출산의도에 대한 설명력은 62.2%이었다. 여성의 경우 출산 태도와 지각된 행위통제가 출산의도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치며 이들 변수들의 출산의도에 대한 설명력은 69.0%이었다. 미혼남녀의 출산의도를 높이기 위해서는 장기적이며 포괄적인 접근이 필요하고, 향후 저출산 관련 정책 및 교육 프로그램 개발에 있어 본 연구결과가 기초자료를 제공하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다고 본다.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.53-80
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate individual awareness variables influencing emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions of unmarried men and women. Independent variables were values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, perceptions and availabilities of marriage-related policies, views on the marriageable age, psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by significant people, and views on parents' support for marriage fund. Method: 553 unmarried men and women in Daegu, Korea were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS 22.0. Results: First, this study was more exploratory and in-depth approach to marriage intentions than precedent studies. The sub factors of marriage intentions were emotional, normative, and functional marriage ones. Second, emotional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage personally or by friends influenced emotional marriage intention. Third, normative marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, religion, occupational status, employment condition, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perception to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, view on the marriageable age, availabilities of marriage-related information offering policies, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by mother influenced normative marriage intention. Fourth, functional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, job, parents' support for marriage fund, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, functional marriage intention was influenced by values of offspring, perception about unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Finally, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that individual awareness variables influenced on marriage intentions. Especially, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried, and attitudes toward multiple role planning influenced on emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions in common. Conclusions: The findings from these analyses suggest that the selective process based on the individual awareness has become very significant to having marriage intentions. Therefore, this study will contribute as the basic data on national marriage-related policies. Furthermore, this study will be able to use to think about the marriage intention as a task to be preceded by the national policy in order to prepare for Korea 's low fertility and aging phenomenon.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.27-49
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify poorly understood factors related to the recent rapid decline in fertility in Korean society. Along with Becker's child demand theory, personal psychological traits, such as independence, nurturance, and affiliation, were given special attention in this study. We examine the processes of resource transfers between married women and their parents on childbearing intention in order to verify the effects of both factors. Five hundred and seventy-six women in their early stage of marriage from the 2009 wave of the National Survey of Marriage and Childbirth were analyzed. Main results of the study are as follows. First, Becker's child demand theory is not supported. Instead, the women who were not given economic support from their parents in getting a residence at the time of their wedding turned out to be more willing to have a child, potentially because they were more independent. Second, the women who provided caretaking and emotional support to their parents had higher childbearing intentions, potentially because they were more nurturing. In conclusion, these personal psychological variables are important in understanding the childbearing behavior of women. We suggest that the government should pay more attention to the micro-personal factors raised in this study when executing policies to reverse the current trend of low fertility.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2017

본 연구는 기혼여성의 자녀가치관과 추가출산의향의 관계에서 출산장려정책(보육료지원, 육아휴직제도)의 조절효과를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 "2015년 전국 출산력 및 가족 보건복지 실태조사"자료 중 총 2,143명의 자료를 선택하여 위계적 다중회귀분석과 조절회귀 분석방법을 적용하였다. 배경변수(교육수준, 소득, 연령, 기존 자녀 수)를 통제한 후, 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 이상적 자녀수, 도구적 가치관과 정서적 가치관의 순으로 추가출산의향에 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 '육아휴직'은 추가출산의향에 유의한 영향이 없는 반면에, '보육료 지원'은 음(-)의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 '보육료 지원'만이 '도구적, 정서적 가치관'과 추가출산의향의향의 관계에서 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 효율적인 출산율 제고를 위해서는 무엇보다 자녀가치관을 높이기 위한 출산장려 문화정책이 필요하며, 아울러 추가출산 가능성이 높은 여성들을 대상으로 자녀수 등을 고려한 맞춤형 지원이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2022

본 연구는 기혼 여성이 인지하는 부부 평등성과 출산 행위에 있어 중요한 결정 요인인 추가출산 의향 간의 상관관계를 파악하고자 기혼 여성 10,352명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 조사자의 일반적 특성 분석을 위해 빈도 분석과 카이 제곱 검정 분석을 시행하였고 각 변수와 추가출산 간 관련성 분석을 위해 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석 및 층화 분석을 통해 연구를 진행하였다. 연구결과, 부부 평등성이 가장 낮은 0점 그룹 기준 4점 그룹은 2.01배 추가출산 의향이 높았다. 또한 3점 그룹과 2점 그룹은 각각 1.46배, 1.41배 높아 부부 평등성과 추가출산 의향이 정적인 연관성을 가지는 것을 파악하였다. 그 외에 자녀 수가 많을수록, 집을 소유하고 있는 경우, 아내가 비정규직이거나 무직일 경우 기혼 여성의 추가출산 의향이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 부부평등성에 초점을 맞춰 추가출산 의향과의 관련성을 분석하였으며 출산율 제고를 위해 거시적 차원의 구체적이고 합리적인 정책이 요구됨을 제언한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 임신·출산 인프라 수준이 가구의 추가 출산 여부와 이주의사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보는 것이었다. 24개월 이하 영아 자녀가 있는 산모 608명을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 임신·출산관련 인프라가 추가 출산 및 거주지 이전 의사에 미치는 효과를 분석하기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 소아청소년과 수준이 높은 지역에 거주하는 산모가 추가적으로 출산하려는 의사가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 타지역으로 이주려하려고 하는 의사는 임신·출산 인프라 전반적 수준이 높은 곳에 거주하는 산모가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 지역내 출산율을 높이고 자녀가 있는 가구의 정주율을 높이기 위해서는 소아청소년과를 비롯한 임신·출산 인프라가 설치뿐만 아니라 질적 수준제고도 동반되어야 한다는 것을 보여주는 결과 이다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 임신·출산 인프라에 대한 정책적인 방안을 제시하였다.