• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1361-1373
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• 2009

This study analyzed female motives and psychological experiences related with high-heeled shoes. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with seven females having more than forty pairs of high-heeled shoes. Exploratory data are classified into physical aspects and mental aspects, and the meaning of wearing high-heeled shoes were derived and discussed. First, with high-heeled shoes, the participants tried to make an ideal physical appearance, 1) to make an aesthetic illusion of a longer, more slender body 2) to make a more glamorous bodyline and toned legs. Second, the psychological experiences were as follows: 1) Wearing high-heeled shoes, they felt self-confidence in appearance and had feelings of satisfaction, fulfillment, and superiority. 2) High-heeled shoes gave wearers an increased sexual appearance in addition to a feminine attitude and independent mind. Accordingly, wearers thought they could make males compliant with a better sexual look in private and public life. 3) Through buying or putting on high-heeled shoes, women could change their mood, have mental stability, and channel sexual desires. 4) Some women made the secret self with the collected high-heeled shoes for sexual fantasies. 5) They thought that painful bodies or feet were not cumbersome. In addition, some wearers thought high-heeled shoes were a natural extension of their bodies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.260-269
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• 2013

Gender role identity is a key subject toward adaptation in later life. In this paper, we tried to understand the specific types and characteristics of gender role identity in view of older men. The research collected and examined 40 representative descriptions representing gender role identity, including 20 for masculinity and 20 for femininity from 40 older men. We obtained four types of gender role identity of older men from this research. "Powerful-expressive type" is energetic and reveals his brave and dominant tendency when they are working. "Powerful-taciturn type" is strongly independent and has a firm conviction, but they do not express those characters and remain silent. "Powerful-paternal type" handles his work with a driving force, and has a tender character. "Paternal-caring type" finds his own worth in life by caring for his family and children, and considers others more than himself. Future research is needed to verify how the types of gender role identity are linked to psychosocial adaptive aspects, health behaviors, mental and physical health.

• Archives of design research
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• no.16
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• pp.225-234
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to provide and suggest useful data in use of kinds of violet that is resulted from general color images of violet. The origin, history, and general images of kinds of violet were studied, and were classified vased on documcntary reviews. Findings are as follows: 1) The kinds of violet were used purple, violet, mauva, and magenta in the order of appearance of its color names and the categories of violet had been extended from dark reddish violet to affilicated colors of bright violet by development in synthetie dyestuff. 2) The kinds of violet has neutral characters due to the combination of two extreme colors, red and blue, and thereby revealing voth attreibutes in terms of symbolic, emotional, and spychological features of colors. The positive images in kinds of violet can be classified as nobleness, holiness, mysteriousness, sleep/sedation, sensuality, femininity, fragrance, and the negatibely classified images are weakness, sadness, maelancholiness, death(for example, the mourner's gard in royal families), symbols of moral corruption, and superstition.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.395-406
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• 2019

This study examined what meaning East Asian women showed in their costume history through a discourse of hair adornments such as wigs and that Gache was not just a luxury decoration. In addition, we examined Gache hair trends with Eonjeun-meori (braid wraps around the entire head) in the Joseon dynasty (Korea), Gigye(旗?) hair in the Quing dynasty (China) and Mage(?) hair in the Edo period (Japan) during the $18^{th}$ and $19^{th}$ centuries. The significance of the phenomenon of East Asian Gache culture in the $18^{th}$ and $19^{th}$ centuries was analyzed from the internal desires of women. The details are as follows. First, the magnification by the hair decoration was identified with self-authority and used as a sign to express self-respect or a desire for self-esteem. The extended Gache was an external body extension to raise self-authority and increase activeness. Second, self-satisfaction through showing off was associated with a women's search for identity. There was excessive consumption to boast status, wealth and femininity, but the mania continued because women obtained psychological satisfaction by feeling that their sacrifices for the Confucian order were compensated. Third, the frenzy of Gache was accepted as a way for women to resist social regulations and find themselves as main participants in social activities. Showing their appearance in East Asian Gache culture was a way of inner self-searching and a process for women to find themselves as a social entity.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.363-389
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• 2011

Modern Chinese Literature, the so-called 'feminist' is a very modern and the traditional criticism and took an important position in the double action. Because a woman's freedom from the bondage of traditional ethics of restoring the social status equal to men but to women does not give, that compared to men and women just the dimension of the problem of isolation is not just. It is dominated by yugajeok worldview by streamlining the whole Chinese society to build a modern society and the country was a critical task. However, multi-cultural life of Lin, Hui-yin and Ling, Shu-hua in the history of the world's attention to the shrine was worried attention to soils, rather than East-West dualism law by taking a mixture of both women in modern Chinese literature and Western literature from the center of efforts to overcome the traditional point hayeotdaneun feminist literature that may be different. Lin, Hui-yin and Ling, Shu-hua to overcome the Western-oriented culture really the true dream of China's globalization and localization could be regarded. She naesewotdeon the banner of feminist literature in the traditional 'anti feudal', 'free personality' silcheondoen under such slogans as well as women's liberation from traditional, male-oriented perspective away from the women's unique experiences and new understanding of the value of the superiority the concept of a woman, and was to create. In particular, the femininity of these women who traditionally associated with women and the unique culture - the creation of a new consciousness, a re-evaluation of traditional feminine skills and talents was to try to.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between CSEI (The Core Seven-Emotions Inventory) and MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2). Methods: We analyzed the correlation between students' demographic characteristics, blood type, MMPI-2, and CSEI using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 24.0. Descriptive Statistical Analysis, independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), subsequent analysis duncan (post hoc multiple comparison), and correlation analysis were conducted. Results: 1. According to the demographic characteristics of 91 participants in this study: 60 males (65.9%), 88 unmarried (96.7%), 58 without religion (63.7%), 54 who have experienced stress in the last three months (59.4%), and 82 in their 20s (90.1%) comprised the majority. 2. As a result of verifying correlation by subfactors of CSEI, Hui (喜) showed statistically significant negative correlation with U (憂), Bi (悲), and Gong (恐). Six emotions except Hui (喜) showed statistically significant positive correlation, except for the relationship between U (憂) and Kyeong (驚). 3. Hui (喜) of CSEI had negative correlation with eight factors of MMPI-2 Clinical Scales except Pa (Paranoia) and Ma (Hypomania), whereas Bi (悲) had positive correlation with nine factors of MMPI-2 clinical scales except Mf (Masculinity-Femininity). Sa (思), Bi (悲), and Gong (恐) had similar tendency of positive correlation with six factors of MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales. Conclusions: Based on the above results, we concluded that CSEI's sub factors had consistent correlations with MMPI-2. Thus, CSEI could contribute to psychiatry clinical use.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.121-136
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• 2019

The fashion market is expanding and competition is intensifying due to the contraction of consumption in response to the economic recession and changes in trends. In this study, design characteristics reflecting the brand identity and trend are analyzed as important factors for success. In this study, we will look at the design characteristics of knitwear among SPA brand products and help to plan knit designs. First, six brands were selected based on the sales and the number of stores in domestic and foreign SPA brands. The selected brands include UNIQLO, ZARA, H&M, SPAO, TOPTEN, and 8Seconds. We have selected weft knitting knitwear products(1,736 pieces), which are currently sold in domestic and foreign SPA brands, as silhouette items, knitwear design items, gauges, colors, patterns, images, and items as analysis items to analyze the causes of the differences in the design characteristics of domestic and foreign knitwear. The SPA brand has a wide range of tattoo floors, emphasizing practical aspects, a silhouette that fits the body, and a comfortable daily style. Domestic and foreign SPA brands did not show much difference, but Korean brands had a lower diversity of organization and used color for stable sales, showing a lower concern in trend and strong point color applications. If foreign brands pursue femininity based on a sexy image, Korean brands displayed a difference, emphasizing cute images. As for other design factors, it was found that brand identity was reflected more than domestically. As the cycle of trends becomes shorter, fast fashion is expected to continue in the future, and it is hoped that this research will be used as useful data for design projects of domestic companies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.407-414
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• 2021

This study will examine the relationship between women and art education between the 1910s and the 1930s, and how women broke down the feudalistic views on women by changing the perceptions of women and stepped into society through gendered art education. Women tried to restore dignity and realize freedom and equality between men and women through modern education. Nevertheless, women had to receive handicraft education for the cultivation of virtues as part of the Japanese colonial policy and returned to their traditional feminine role. However, this study aims to reveal how a small number of "new women" who studied in Japan took the lead in teaching handicrafts for the independence of women, and how they were officially recognized as in the arts and crafts community and was able to enter the exhibition space through records, interviews, and newspaper articles. In conclusion, this study hopes to provide an opportunity to examine the relationship between handicraft education and femininity, and to consider the role of art education and exhibition in the development of women into social beings.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.315-337
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• 2011

This paper aims to examine a truth about love - the close relationship between a person's passionate love and that same person's loneliness and suppressed desires, a relationship that Carson McCullers (1917-1967) portrays in The Ballad of the Sad Cafe. McCullers, one of several brilliant writers from Southern America, managed to overcome her cruel situation and showed deep insight into the human condition, particularly in regard to the relation between love and isolation. The Ballad of the Sad Cafe, like her other works, examines the spiritual isolation and the agony of love that three lovers experience. The love in this story is a triangular relationship among the three main characters, Amelia, Lymon and Marvin Macy. The distinctive characteristics of love described in this story are that each character falls into blind and passionate love for the person he/she loves, no matter how the beloved responds. Love also changes the lover, not the beloved, revealing the completely opposite nature of the lover. The opposite nature and the inner secrets that the love reveals about the lovers reflect their frustrated and suppressed desires, which is femininity and motherhood for Amelia, non-violent masculine power for Macy, and physical attraction and power for the hunchback, Lymon. These suppressed desires are rooted in the deep sense of frustration that they had to experience in their childhood. In short, the seemingly unconditional love of the main characters is not an ideal, altruistic love, but a reflection of their inner desires. This story, however, does not seem to criticize this kind of love but simply tries to give an honest picture of what love might be. It also admits that 'deformed' love is still better than no love (and consequently no stimulus) because what really damages and causes decay in human beings and in a community, is the state of boredom.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

Due to the current seriousness of environmental pollution and the eco-friendly movement of the fashion industry, research on sustainable fashion design is being actively conducted. In this study, consumer perception of upcycling products, are divided into image, function, and meaning; and image is further divided into shape, color, and material. It was redefined as pattern, and image recognition was evaluated among men and women in their 20s and 30s, and men and women in their 40s and 50s used as subjects. First, factors that determine each image were extracted based on qualitative analysis of the precedent cases of upcycling bags, and quantitative analysis of the subjects was induced through a questionnaire. As a result of the analysis of evaluation items related to image association, the average frequency analysis of all subjects for each stimuli and the cognitive variance of the frequency analysis by generation by gender were found to be similar. However, awareness of some stimuli by generation showed a significant difference. Overall, in the three stimuli with high overall preference, common features, such as the basic box-shaped symmetrical structure, the monochromatic color of the Munsell system, solid and practical texture, and appropriate use of patterns were identified. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a difference with factors such as femininity, simplicity, touch, and splendor in the measurement factors. In conclusion, it is considered that the main significance of this study is that it excluded the recognition and meaning of upcycling products and explored the original design and image elements of products. Therefore, it is expected that this study will be used as a basic data for responding to the gender image of each generation as an alternative method of sustainable fashion design, and it will be an opportunity to expand the scope of the study to a detailed study beyond the biased topic.