• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2004

A Politician Appearance Acceptance Model (PAAM model) was formed and designed based on an analysis of how the electorate would accept a female politician. The PAAM model evaluated factors which influenced the voter's view of the female politician based on appearance. Causative factors were assessed that impacted acceptance based on appearance and analyzed whether voting was influenced by the appearance image; appearance image preferences for a female politician included the classic, dramatic, romantic and natural images. Through validations, the appearance image and competency had a causative factor that contributed to the acceptance of the politician image. The Classic Image demonstrated the strongest and most important image among the appearance images. As voters were more interested in the appearance image of a female politician, more emphasis and weight was on the appearance image during the voting selection process.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.686-704
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• 2015

As mass media has come to intervene with politics in a more proactive way during modern times, the image of a politician has evolved into a more relevant factor compared with political content. This phenomenon is known as "image politics", and such externalized images as non-verbal cues have grown in importance, along with the numbers of female politicians. Thus image strategy has been instituted as a major research theme in the field of political marketing, especially for female politicians. In accordance with this theme, this study aims to approach fashion as part of image strategy of female politicians, in order to reemphasize political fashion as a valuable resource. The methodologies employed in this study are based on both the literature and positive research. Female politicians have long utilized fashion styles that are, or are assumed to be, the most appealing to their target base of support in a predominantly male-centered sector. In this sense, appropriate choices in the usage of apparel items, colors, hair styles, accessories, and others according to each situation and respective hierarchies are of the utmost importance. When attending official ceremonies and other related meetings, the strategic superiority afforded to a scientific approach based on thorough fashion research, compared with personal taste is imperative. The significance of this study lies within the recognition of the importance of fashion image, and how to utilize fashion for image strategy in practice, through the investigative synthesis and review of major preceding research.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2008

A person's external image is a non-verbal form of communication, through which the person's tastes, mode of thought, preferences, and overall personality is expressed. The dominant factor in building an external image is clothing, since clothing-images provide the most information about a person in the least amount of time. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the clothing- images of women politicians and the improvement of women's social status in Korea, by focusing on changes in clothing-image of female politicians at public functions throughout modern Korean history, and inquiring into the method of classification concerning aforementioned images. The time period of this study starts from 1945, when the first female political party was established, to the 2008 presidential elections. The methodology of this study consists of literature study of related books, theses and journals, which was jointly conducted with empirical study consisting of the research of news photographs of major daily newspapers. This study confirmed the clothing images of women politicians since liberation till 2000's reflects the directions of women's movement and their status in return. It is especially meaningful that the sudden increase of romantic and feminine images among the women politician in Korea is the reflection of the ideas of postmodern feminism which emphasize the acknowledgement of womanhood and the enjoyment of being a woman as its core.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-68
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• 2005

The political activity of women is relatively low. This is mainly because of the social-cultural attitude that confines women's role to housewives, rather than the structural problems that are related to political activities itself. This study has attempted to enhance the political activities of women by examining and providing the practical informations related to the hardships that are experienced by women who are pursuing a career both as a politician as well as a housewife. The sample of this study consisted of women who are assuming chief executives positions in organizations that are related to political activity, including local representatives of the national assembly. A case study was conducted by interviewing 8 female politicians. The contents of the study mostly consists of the personal situations (related to house lives) of these women. Semi-structured questionnaires were used, and the interview was conducted several times. First, the political careers of these women tended to start passively, rather than voluntarily. Second, the negative attitudes that were initially displayed by the family members and close relatives had changed positively through out the course of time. Close relatives, parents/parents-in-law were likely to become helpers of child care and household labor. The husband was likely to be a supporter of the wife's political career, and the children started to understand the roles of their mother as they grew up. Third, the female politicians perceived that the main impediments of women pursuing political careers were the sexually discriminating culture, rather than their own ability. Fourth, the fact that these women had to spend a lot of time outside the house has worsened the role conflict and difficulties of these women who are required to assume dual-roles. Furthermore, the difficulties that are faced publicly and privately has increased the psychological burdens of these women, since politicians, in general, are people who need to maintain their public image.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제6권
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• pp.140-202
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• 2004

Body means 1)the whole structure and substance of a man, animal, or plant 2) the trunk or torso of a man or animal 3) part of garment that covers the trunk 4) the fresh or material substance, as opposed to the spirit. Human body could be distinguished as fresh and spirit. Body has the meaning of physicality. Physical means the bodily and constitution, but in the meaning of constitution there is the content of spirituality. Physicality means the appearing or arising of trace or image or nuance of body. The paintings which are using bodies are 1) directly draw bodies 2) twisting or transformation or nuance of the body and highly upgrade the physical emotion or fantastic bodily nuance 3) directly rubbing artist's body on the surface of painting with pigments to elect tactile specification. These physical art have appeared broadly by various artists, mainly with the social aspects of sex, drug, psycho sexual issues. In case of Joel peter Whitkin, the reason of strong physicality in the art is from the mind of the rejection and resistance of real world which is targeting top, perfect and beauty. Further explanation, being the world which is separated top and under, men and women, beauty and ugly; further in the situation, the hierarchy, terror and pressure began and many difficult problems has derived. The contents of attacking feminists's art works are very obscene to reveal female and male's phallus strongly. Sometime, it is strongly related in the political issues. The physical paintings have strong meanings in the action by hands and feet. It supports that it could reveal the humanity with smell, breath, and traces of bodies. In the bodies, the origin of life begins which gives human life by blood lines and water. Sometime, the physical paintings are made by the blood and urine to stick the physicality for special nuance. The physical paintings are made by the image of penis and clitoris which are related in the image of urinating, ejaculation and sometime is symbolized as pens and candles to drop liquid. The selected painters who are related in physical painting are Jackson Pollock, Andrea Serano, Eve Klein, Francis Bacon, Francesco Clemente, Lichard Long, Jakes & Dinos Chapman, Anselm Kiefer, Kiki Smith and Park, Ki Woong. Francis Bacon's style is destructive in representing human shapes which give us special message about the unbearable activity of men politician, high brain, wealthy and religious people. Francesco Clemente's method is to use throat, ear hole, mouse, clitoris, belly nostrils and every holes of body to transmute human physical body. Lichard Long uses directly his body in drawing the surface of painting by using liquid of mud Jakes & Dinos Chapman destroys or transforms the bodies of human. It sometime appears wrong location of the bodies that the penis and vulva is in between human faces or nose of women, Anselm Kiefer uses human hair for representing the human decaying martyrs, and indirectly using straw, he gives special ritual action to repent the Nazi's fault. From 2002 to 2003, Park KI Woong used women womb images to intermingle the smoke shape of <9.11 terror, 2001> in New York to reveal the painful situation of the time(*).

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2016

본 연구는 정치인의 메시지 전달에 있어 목소리의 중요성에 주목하였다. 목소리의 여러 요소는 메시지 전달에 있어 다양한 양상을 보이며, 메시지를 듣는 수용자의 메시지 호응도, 이해도 등에 영향을 미친다. 그런 만큼 다양한 메시지 전달과정에서의 목소리에 대한 연구, 분석은 의미가 있는 시도라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구자들은 정치인의 목소리에 관심을 갖고 연구하였는데, 대국민연설 등의 메시지 전달이 일상인 정치인에게 있어 목소리가 매우 중요하다고 판단하였기 때문이다. 그리하여 한 나라를 대표하는 정치인들의 목소리 현주소가 어떠한지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이에 본 연구자들은 한미 양국을 대표하는 정치인들을 선정하여 대표적인 대국민연설을 선정하고, 연설시 나타난 목소리를 분석, 비교하여 함의를 도출하고자 하였다. 한국과 미국 정치인 남녀 각각 4명씩을 선정하여 총 8명의 목소리를 분석함으로써 그 특징을 알아보고, 보다 확실한 전달력을 보이는 목소리에 대한 지침을 제시하고자 하였다. 목소리의 음높이, 발음의 정확성, 공명, 억양변화 등의 목소리 특징으로 실험대상자의 목소리를 분석하였는데, 연구결과 한국 정치인들이 미국정치인들에 비해 다소 목소리에 대한 활용이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 메시지 전달에 있어 상당한 영향력을 발휘하는 발음의 정확성에 있어서 부족한 면모를 여실히 드러냈다. 이는 메시지 전달의 정확성이 떨어짐을 유추할 수 있는 대목이며, 이에 발음의 정확성을 향상시키기 위한 한국정치인들의 목소리 훈련이 진행되기를 바란다.