• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was designed to investigate about symptoms named 'San(疝)', because almost no paper associated with San in Korea since the 1990s. Methods : Watch an overview of San with the Tonguibogam based. Results : In the Tonguibogam. according to the Zhang Ja-wha's classification. symptoms named 'San(疝)' are classified into seven kinds. As discussed in the Nephrology of Oriental Medicine, part of the Andrology, symptoms named 'San(疝)' are classified into three kinds. (1) San associated with reproductive organs. (2) San associated with pain (3) San associated with protrusion. The symptoms of San usually appears in the external genitalia and lower abdomen in both sexes can. The symptoms are called 'San(疝)' to the male and 'Ga' to the female. In the modern Obstetrics and Gynecology of Oriental Medicine. women's 'San' involves both 'San(疝)' and 'Ga'. San includes genital protrusion, but not includes vaginal hemia. It also includes genital edema, genital pruritus, genital herpes and bleeding after vaginal sex. San can be raised by many causes. The causes are damages by Coldness(傷寒), Damp-heat(濕熱), Serious distress(思慮過度) and Excessive sexual activity(房勞過多). The treatment for this symptoms is elimination of Dameum(痰飮). Jeokchwi(積聚) and Blood stasis(瘀血). Conclusion : The symptoms of San usually appears in the external genitalia and lower abdomen in both sexes can. The symptoms are called 'San(疝)' to the male and 'Ga' to the female.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.452-462
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• 2023

This scoping review aimed to identify and categorize the available measurement options for vaginal laxity (VL), their indications of use, and whether these measurements can sufficiently provide objective clinical judgment for cases indicated for vaginal rejuvenation with many treatment options nowadays. Systematic searches were conducted on five electronic databases, manually searching articles' bibliographies and predetermined key journals with no date or study design limitations. We included all studies involving VL in their inclusion criteria, treatment indications, and outcome parameters. We used the Arksey and O'Malley frameworks as the guideline in writing this scoping review. Of the 9,464 articles identified, 66 articles and 11,258 subjects were included in the final analysis. The majority of studies were conducted in obstetrics and gynecology (73%), followed by plastic surgery (10%), medical rehabilitation (4.5%), dermatology (4.5%), and others (8%). Most studies originated from the North American region (30%). The following measurement tools were used: (1) interviews, (2) questionnaires, (3) physical/digital examinations, (4) perineometers, and (5) others. Our results suggested that subjective perception of laxity confirmed by directed interview or questionnaire is sufficient to confirm VL. Additional evaluation of pelvic floor muscle through digital examination or perineometer or other preferred tools and evaluation of sexual function through validated questionnaire (Female Sexual Function Index, Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised, etc.) should follow to ensure holistic care to patients. Future research on the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of commonly used measurements and the correlation in between subjective and objective measurements should be initiated before their clinical applications.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2015

개맥문동(Liriope spicata (Thunb.))이 검정주머니나방(Mahasena aurea (Butler))의 새로운 기주식물로 처음으로 확인되었기에 보고한다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 본 종의 유충과 암컷이 우리나라에서는 처음으로 채집되었다. 이들의 암컷과 수컷에 대한 외부형태적 특징을 재기재함과 동시에 수컷생식기, 성충, 애벌레, 번데기 등의 특징을 도해하여 제시하였다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2006

Testicular feminization syndrome (TFS) is a genetic disorder due to androgen insensitivity of the target organs. The most common clinical presentation of complete TFS is inguinal hernia in the infant or primary amenorrhea in the adolescence. A 7-year old phenotypically female patient was seen with a complaint of a right inguinal mass. Under the diagnosis of right inguinal hernia, high ligation was performed. Six months later, the patient showed a left inguinal mass. On operation, the mass looked like a testis. The external genitalia were normal female, but a uterus and ovary were not identified. Chromosome study showed a 46, XY karyotype and the levels of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were increased after HCG stimulation. The patient was diagnosed as complete TFS and underwent bilateral gonadectomy 6 months later.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2011

목적 : 자기공명영상에서 여성 외부 생식기의 정상 해부학을 알아보고 폐경 전후의 변화를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 골반 자기공명영상을 시행한 총 19명의 폐경 전 여성과 18명의 폐경 후 여성을 대상으로 후향적으로 연구하였다. 두 명의 영상의학과 의사가 독립적으로 T2 강조영상, 지방억제 조영증강 T1 강조영상에서 외부 생식기 해부학 구조물과 요도의 영상의 질을 점수화하여 비교하였다. 폐경 전후의 대상군에서 영상의 질과 외부 생식기 해부학 구조물과 요도의 두께 또는 크기를 지방억제 조영증강 T1 강조영상에서 측정하고 비교하였다. Wilcoxon signed ranks test와 Student t test를 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 결과 : 여성 외부 생식기의 모든 구조물과 요도의 영상의 질에서 지방억제 조영증강 T1 강조영상 이 T2 강조영상보다 높은 점수를 얻었다 (p < 0.05). 폐경 전 대상군에 비해 폐경 후 대상군에서 질전정구, 음핵 그리고 소음순은 형태적인 명확성이 유의하게 떨어져 보였으나 질과 요도에서 는 의미있는 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 요도는 폐경 전후 여성에서 모두 표적모양의 세 층으로 관찰되었다. 폐경 후 대상군에서 폐경 전 대상군에 비해 질벽의 두께와, 요도벽의 두께, 질전정구의 두께가 감소하였다 (p < 0.05). 결론 : 지방억제 조영증강 T1 강조영상에서 여성 외부 생식기 구조물들과 요도의 정상 해부학과 폐경 전후의 변화를 가장 잘 관찰 할 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2015

$17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase are enzymes encoded by the CYP17A1 gene and are required for the synthesis of sex steroids and cortisol. In $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency, there are low blood levels of estrogens, androgens, and cortisol, and resultant compensatory increases in adrenocorticotrophic hormone that stimulate the production of 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone. In turn, the excessive levels of mineralocorticoids lead to volume expansion and hypertension. Females with $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency are characterized by primary amenorrhea and delayed puberty, with accompanying hypertension. Affected males usually have female external genitalia, a blind vagina, and intra-abdominal testes. The treatment of this disorder is centered on glucocorticoid and sex steroid replacement. In patients with $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency who are being raised as females, estrogen should be supplemented, while genetically female patients with a uterus should also receive progesterone supplementation. Here, we report a case of a 21-year-old female with $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency who had received inadequate treatment for a prolonged period of time. We also include a brief review of the recent literature on this disorder.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.124-126
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• 1998

As laparoscopic surgery becomes more popular, various complications following the laparoscope are also increasing. Nerve injury following the laparoscope is an infrequent but serious complication for both the doctor and patient. A 30-year old female patient suffered severe burning pain of the left buttock, inguinal area, external genitalia and inner side of vagina following laparoscopic surgery for ovarian mass. We successfully treated this patient with ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric nerve block in combination with epidural blocks.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.489-491
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• 2020

An yponomeutid genus Eumonopyta Moriuti, 1977 is recorded for the first time from Korea, based on the species Eumonopyta unicornis Moriuti, 1977. Eumonopyta is distinguished from Yponomeuta by the lack of the areole in the forewing, the presence of the hindwing veins, Sc and R₁ completely fused, the lack of the spinules on the gnathal processes, and the presence of three spiniform cornuti in the phallus. Eumonopyta unicornis is characterized by the presence of greenish irrotation on the forewings. The Korean records of E. unicornis are based on two male specimens from the islands, Geojedo (Gyeongsangnam-do) and Jejudo (Jeju-do) and one female specimen from the island Dolsando (Jeollanam-do). External appearance and genitalia of E. unicornis are redescribed and illustrated. The occurrence status of E. unicornis in Korea is briefly discussed. With our records from Korea, the distributional range of E. unicornis is expanded from Japan and Taiwan.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.154-166
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• 1989

Parachronistis속의 1신종 및 1미기록종을 포함한 4종을 기재 및 재기재하고 그들의 외부형태적 특징 및 암, 수생식기를 도해하였으며 Parachronistis속과 근연한 신과 Neochronistis을 1 신종과 함께 보고한다. 신종 P.geniculella는 산털주머니뿔나방, 미기록종 P. maritima는 극동털주머니뿔나방으로, 신속의 Neochronistis hodgesi는 긴털주머니뿔나방으로 각가 명명하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2022

Labidocera pavo Giesbrecht, 1889 and L. sinilobata Shen and Lee, 1963, belonging to the detruncata group in the genus Labidocera were collected from the southwestern coastal waters of Korea, using a Norpac net (0.2 mm mesh size). Labidocera sinilobata, known to be endemic species in estuary of Chinese rivers, is the first record in Korean waters. In Chinese waters, this species has only been briefly documented and illustrated. In the study, their morphological characteristics were fully redescribed with careful examination of the fine epidermal structure using a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) in addition to their illustrations and compared with species of the detruncata species-group.