• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.299-312
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• 2006

This study reported on the cases about gender inequality in agriculture. Generally women have experienced something in vague situation as unequal to men in rural and agriculture. Despite of some women's have been complaining about this problem, it is not easy why and how many times they have been suffering. In this report, to get the information of gender unequality in agricultural laws and policies, the data was gathered by two steps. The first step, 175 cases into nine types was collected from leaders of several women farmer's associations, and after that, 60 cases selected to be interviewed by a specialist panel. The second step, it was analyzed the interviewed 60 cases based on real conditions compared with laws of items of policies. Among the cases, it was analyzed 8 rural women's who had been experienced to receive the inappropriate compensation in an unexpected accidents. From these cases, it was drew up some suggestions as follows; to make a rule to certify of the identity of woman farmer, and to build in a monitoring system of gender equality in agriculture.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.779-790
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the awareness and preference relating to traditional food and yaksun food by university students majoring in culinary art and foodservice in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. This research carried out an investigation on 492 (male 257 and female 235) students. 'Awareness of traditional food' was gained through school education in male students (37.4%) and female students (46.7%). For 'the most-favored traditional food', 260 (male 138 and female 122) students most often responded galbijjim, followed by bibimbap, bulgogi, and kimchi. For 'the part that requires the attention most in improving traditional food', variety of taste received the highest votes by 109 male students (42.4%) and 98 female students (41.7%). For 'awareness for yaksun food', the most popular paths were TV, newspaper and the Internet in 123 male students (47.9%) and 139 female students (59.1%), where as 97 students answered school education (19.7%). For 'the part that requires the attention most in developing yaksun food', variety of taste received the highest votes by 103 male students (43.8%) and 106 female students (41.2%), which was the same result for the development of traditional food. For 'awareness on the possibility of popularization of traditional and yaksun food', needs for food development received the highest score of 3.99 (male 3.99 and female 3.99) by 5-point Likert measurement. In conclusion, high awareness levels of health, traditional food, and yaksun food in university students in Daegu and Gyeongbuk majoring in food-service will contribute to a healthy food culture. Further, this research will have a large impact on development of various convenience foods in the food-service industry as well as home.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.302-306
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• 2000

Gonad and blood samples were taken from cultured greenling (Hexagrammos otakii), and changes of steroid hormone levels in serum were examined in relation to the gonadosomatic index (GSI). GSI of female and male were not changed significantly between March and August and then began to increase from September showing the highest value in January. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) of female was the highest in December,'then decreased gradually until May. $Estradiol-l7{\beta} (E_2)$ level in blood of female reached to the highest level in December, then decreased rapidly in January. The level was maintained low until August and started to increase In September. Testosterone (T) level in blood of female was similar to trend of $E_2$ in female. $17{\alpha}2{\beta}-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17{\alpha}20{\brta}-OHP)$ level in blood of female reached to the maximum in January, and then decreased rapidly from Febuary and maintained low until July. T level in blood of male reached to the highest value in December, and it started to decrease from January and maintained low until July, after then increased again, while $17{\alpha}20{\beta}-OHP$ level of male was similar to trend of female's.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.115-135
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of career education utilizing vocational cards for school children on the career development of the male and female in elementary school who were in the career awareness stage, which was the rudimentary career development stage. The subjects in this study were 32(15 boys and 17 girls) students in one of seven fifth-grade classes in 'Angolpo' elementary school located in the city of J, South Gyeong-sang Province. Career education was provided to them by employing vocational cards for school children in six sessions for three weeks, twice a week, 40 to 45 minutes each. The major findings of the study were as follows; (l)the career education that utilized vocational cards for school children had a positive effect on developing the career development of the elementary schoolers. (2)the career education that utilized vocational cards for school children had a positive effect on developing the career development of the elementary school boys. (3)the career education that utilized vocational cards for school children had a positive effect on developing the career development of the elementary school girls. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that the career education utilizing vocational cards for school children was effective at stepping up the career development of the male and female in elementary school.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.475-485
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the Sport Talent Development Environment on the Achievement Goal in Sport of college athletes. The Sport Talent Development Environment (Martindale et al., 2010) had seven factors, but only four factors (long-term development, lack of quality preparation, communication, lack of understanding) were used after exploratory factor analysis. The Achievement Goals in Sport (Wang et al., 2007) was composed of four factors (mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance mastery, performance avoidance). The results showed that 1)long-term development factor and communication factor of male athletes were significantly higher than female athletes while lack of understanding factor of female athletes were significantly higher than male athletes, 2)mastery avoidance factor of female athletes was significantly higher than male athletes, and 3)factors of development environment accounted for 27.8% to 34.5%-male athletes and for 13.2% to 22.7%-female athletes variance in the four achievement goals. Therefore, it is important for coaches and sport administrators to take these results into consideration when designing an effective talent development program.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 1968

The author measured the vertical and horizontal change in molars and incisors of mandible arch by means of lateral roentgeno-cephalometric tracing. The subjects measured here were 244 healthy Korean male and female at the range of 5. 7. 10. 15 and 20 years old, respectively. Following results were obtained; 1. The horizontal measurements of lower first molar to mandible arch were as follows; 5 years of male; $43.14{\pm}0.84mm$ 5 years of female; $40.66{\pm}0.91mm$ 20 years of male; $43.08{\pm}1.59mm$ 20 years of female; $39.88{\pm}1.35mm$ None of the significant changes with age showed. 2. The horizontal measurements of lower incisors to mandible arch were as follows; 5 years of male; $8.14{\pm}0.68mm$ 5 years of female; $7.90{\pm}0.64mm$ 20 years of male; $10.02{\pm}1.68mm$ 20 years of female; $7.38{\pm}1.27mm$ None of the significant changes with age showed. 3. The vertical measurements of lower first molar to mandible arch were as follows; 5 years of male; $24.92{\pm}1.17mm$ 5 years of female; $25.02{\pm}1.64mm$ 20 years of male; $39.04{\pm}1.66mm$ 20 years of female; $35.25{\pm}1.03mm$ The vertical height of lower first molar showed statistically significant increments. 4. The vertical measurements of lower incisors to mandible arch were as follows; 5 years of male; $27.54{\pm}1.52mm$ 5 years of female; $27.62{\pm}1.78mm$ 20 years of male; $48.73{\pm}1.51mm$ 20 years of female; $45.52{\pm}0.82mm$ The vertical height of incisors showed statistically significant increments. 5. The growth and development of lower first molars and incisors revealed significant increment rates vertically with age. 6. It semed that the vertical and horizontal changes in male were greater than those in female.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.225-232
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• 2013

The spatial separation of male's and female's area due to the law of 'Naeoei' is one of the trademark features of residence by the building principle of 'Confucianism' in the upper class house in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. Thanks to modernized agriculture and commerce, the residence of 'Sinheung-Yangban' developed. And they were influenced by the economic and living characteristics than traditional custom. So the residence of 'Sinheung-Yangban' is very important in terms of the course of modernizing of the korean traditional residence. Researcher figures out the influences of the law of 'Naeoei' in residence and the characteristics of male's and female's field in terms of daily life with investigating the residence of 'Sinheung-Yangban' as the upper class house in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. Through this, the goal of this study is to find the properties of male's and female's field of upper class houses in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. With this study, the followings are the characteristics of male's and female's spatial composition of upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. First, the traditional law of 'Naeoei' plays a primary role as the principle of building of upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. With a natural result, there is a clear spatial separation as the male's and female's social role. Second, 'An-Chae' and 'Sarang-Chae' as male's and female's living space are separated physically, but real living life tends to be syntagmatically made with 'An-Madang' as the center. Third, spatial integration of 'An-Madang' as the center results in the development of architectural connection factors of 'An-Chae' and 'BaKat-Chae' adjoining 'An-Madang', facing 'Toei-Gan', 'Maru', and 'door'. Forth, the boundary of male's and female's areas is relatively clear between dwellers and visitors, but on the other hand, the separation of male's and female's spaces between family members has little significance.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2005

Respiration in Antheraea mylitta was studied using constant pressure respirometer. Oxygen uptake in different stages of life showed that moth has highest rate of oxygen uptake as compared to larva and pupa. At each stage significant sexual differentiation was observed. Depression in the rate of oxygen uptake in diapausing pupa was found to be higher in male ($65.75\%$) than female ($60.65\%$) as compared to non-diapausing counterparts. During diapause lowest oxygen uptake was recorded in the month of February, and were in the order of February < January < December < March < November < April < May < June in male, and, February < January < December < March < April < November < May < June in female. Significant sexual differentiation in oxygen uptake was recorded throughout the period of diapause (November to June) where female pupae registered lower rate of oxygen uptake than that of male. Oxygen uptake in female pupae declined upto $28.89\%$ in non-diapausing and $18.29\%$ in diapausing broods over male. Highest respiratory quotient value was recorded in the moth of November (0.68 in male and 0.70 in female) and, the lowest in the month of March in male (0.54) and May in female (0.55). Percentage loss in pupa weight always remained at a significantly higher level in male (except in February and March). The lowest oxygen uptake rate and weight loss in the month of February shows that the pupae were at peak of their dormancy during this month.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the differences in the degree of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and stress according to the gender role identity of female university students. Methods: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 308 female university students. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple-range test. Results: The most prevalent type of premenstrual syndrome was androgenic(33.8%), followed by undifferentiated(25.0%). There was a significant difference in dysmenorrhea according to residence. In addition, there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome according to age, and in stress according to age and economic status. Also, there was no significant difference according to dysmenorrhea and there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea according to gender role identity. Premenstrual syndrome and stress were the most prevalence in female type, but the lowest severe in masculine type. Conclusion: The study variables can be influencing factors in the gender role identity of female university students. Also, the findings can provide the basis for the development of nursing interventions to establish the gender role identity of female university students.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.195-213
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• 2004

The researcher worked with 1001 middle and high school students so as to inquire into the family-related variables affecting the adolescents' school maladjustment from the results of the average, standard deviation and multiple regression analysis. The followings were the major findings. 1. The study activity was the first thing that the subjects did not adjust among their school life and the relationship with teacher, with opposite-sex friends, the rule-keeping and the friendship were the next in the order. 2. The researches on family-related variables affecting the school maladjustment were performed by gender (male / female), gender/school(male and middle / male and high / female and middle / female and high), school(middle / high) and system(academic / vocational). The most influential variables were the structural environment one in case of male students and male and middle school students; the parent-relationship one in case of female students, female and middle school students, female and high school students, middle school and vocational high school students; and the physical environment one in case of high school students, male and high school students and academic high school students.