• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.141-151
• /
• 1993

Blood samples obtained from 200 adults who had visited the "S" general hospital were analyzed to compare the zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels quantified by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and by hematofluorometer (HF) to investigate the methodological difference if any and the relationship between the levels of blood lead and ZPP among no-lead exposed adults. Also investigated were the distribution of ZPP and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) concentrations, the establishment of normal levels of blood ZPP and blood lead, and the contribution of age and sex factors to these values. These subjects had no previous occupational exposure to lead. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The mean values of blood lead for male and female subjects were $9.46{\pm}2.44{\mu}g/dl$ and $8.09{\pm}2.17{\mu}g/dl$, respectively. The difference observed in the mean concentrations between male and female subjects was statistically very significant. 2. The mean values of blood ZPP by HPLC for male and female subjects were $15.94{\pm}4.55{\mu}g/dl$ and $22.26{\pm}6.61{\mu}g/dl$, respectively. The difference observed in the mean concentrations between male and female subjects was statistically not significant. The mean values of blood PPIX by HPLC for male and female subjects were $2.51{\pm}1.78{\mu}g/dl$ and $2.81{\pm}1.56{\mu}g/dl$, respectively. The difference observed in the mean concentrations between male and female subjects was statistically not significant. 3. The mean values of blood ZPP by HF for male and female subjects were $28.44{\pm}7.11{\mu}g/dl$ and $37.77{\pm}8.04{\mu}g/dl$, respectively. The difference observed in the mean concentrations between male and female subjects was statistically very significant. 4. No statistically significant correlation was found between the levels of blood ZPP and blood lead. 5. The ratio of ZPP and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) concentration to erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP, EP=ZPP+PPIX) concentration was 87.4% and 12.6%, respectively. 6. A statistically very significant correlation was found between the ZPP concentrations determined by HPLC and the values by HF (r=0.7565). The ZPP concentraitons quantified by HF were 1.75 times as high as the values obtained by HPLC. 7. The blood ZPP concentrations quantified by HPLC, HF, and spectrofluorometer (SF) from the blood samples obtained from 14 lead-exposed workers and from 16 no-lead exposed adults showed wide variations. The ZPP concentrations by HF were the highest followed by the levels obtained by SF and by HPLC. In the exposed group, no statistically significant difference was found among three methods of quantifying blood ZPP levels. In the no-lead exposed group, however, statistically significant difference was observed among these methods. The ZPP concentrations by HF were about twice as high as those of by HPLC or by SF. Among three methods of quantifying blood ZPP (HPLC, SF and HF), the results revealed significant difference. Therefore it is suggested that objective methods of quantifying blood ZPP and a system of correcting different ZPP levels be developed by the ministry of Labor.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
• /
• v.21
• /
• pp.157-171
• /
• 2002

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2006

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may be acting several decades before CVD becomes manifest. Data from young subjects may be valuable in further elucidating at this issue. We evaluated the association between baPWV (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity) and cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy young adults. A total of 46 male and 91 female adolescents aged $18{\sim}25 years$ were studied. baPWV increased in a dose-responsive manner as the number of metabolic syndrome components. In both gender groups, baPWV was positively correlated with age. In males, waist, circumference total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were positively correlated with baPWV, and in females, blood pressure (BP) was positively correlated with baPWV. Age, gender, mean BP, and Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were found to be independent factors associated with baPWV levels. In conclusion, mean BP, age, gender, and HOMA-IR were associated with baPWV in young adults. This result suggests that multiple cardiovascular risk factors may be associated with an increased risk of arterial stiffness in young adults.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.969-976
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the deciding factors of regular scaling checkup in metropolitan adults. Methods : The subjects were 395 adults of 20s to 50s in Seoul and Gyeonggi province from September 25 to October 4, 2012. Data were self-reported questionnaires. Results : Female tried to receive more regular scaling checkup than male. Dental practitioners were acquainted with the dental knowledge and had more scaling checkup. Those who received dental scaling checkup tended to use dental hygiene products and visit the dentists regularly. Those who receiving good dental health services tended to visit the dental clinics more frequently. Higher knowledge and lower fear of dental treatment lead to frequent regular checkup. There were significant positive correlations between satisfaction, kindness, knowledge of scaling and regular scaling checkup. Fear to dental treatment showed the negative correlation. Conclusions : In order to increase intention degree of regular scaling checkup, it is necessary to develop programs for proper oral health behavior and to improve patient care services by dental hygienist.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The present study purposed to investigate Korean adults health status, smoking perception. and self-efficacy of smoking cessation according to whether smoking or not. Methods: This study conducted a questionnaire survey of 694 adults at D County in Korea during the period from the 10th of June to the 10th of July 2004. The instruments used for this study were scales on health status, smoking perception and self-efficacy: of smoking cessation. Data was analyzed by frequency and percentage, mean and SD, $x^2-test$, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS 11.0 program. Results: The subjects of this study were 503 men and 191 women, and 60.8% of the male subjects and 6.8% of the female subjects were smokers. With respect to health status (t=-2.58, p=0.010), smoking perception (t=10.59. p<0.000) and the self-efficacy of smoking cessation (t=-23.04, p<0.000), there were significant differences according to whether smoking or not. Conclusions: It is necessary to make repeated study to find other variables that affect adults smoking and to develop smoking cessation programs that enhance the self-efficacy of smoking cessation.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.372-381
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence of hypertension, explored sleep duration, and examined the related factors to hypertension in Korean middle-aged adults. Methods: Using raw data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted from 2008 to 2010, a secondary analysis was performed with data from 13,230 adults aged 30~64 years. ${\chi}^2$-test and multiple logistic regressions was used for the data analysis. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among Korean middle-aged adults was 21.8% and 40.3% among participants reported that their average sleep duration was below six hours a night. Risk factors for hypertension include: female (the odds ratio (OR) 1.66 for male), 50~64 years age group (OR 3.66 for 30~49 years age group), education level of elementary school (OR 1.84 for university level), low household income (OR 1.27 for upper), obesity (OR 2.41), high risk drinking (OR 1.64), and sleep duration${\leq}6$ hrs (OR 1.16 for 8 hrs of sleep). Conclusion: High risk population of hypertension could be male, aged, low education, and low income. Obesity, high risk drinking, and short sleep duration should be considered as risk factors for hypertension. Interventions for obesity management, adequate alcohol drinking and sleep duration could be considered for preventing hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of footwear on gait in older adults. Methods : The footwear consists of loafer with fixation and mule and slipper without fixation. Twenty one female older adults voluntarily participated in this study. Each participant walked on the gait system GAITRite and measured temporal-spatial gait parameters. And the participants wore loafer, mule, slipper randomly. We measured stance time, swing time, heel-to-heel BOS, double support time, velocity, cadence, FAP as temporal-spatial gait parameters. Results : Three gait parameters showed significant difference statistically among 7 gait parameters. The stance time increased as loafer, mule, barefoot, slipper orderly. And there was a significant difference statistically (p<.05). The swing time increased as slipper, barefoot, mule, loafer orderly. And there was a significant difference statistically(p<.05). And the heel-to-heel BOS increased as barefoot, loafer, mule, slipper orderly. And there was a significant difference statistically(p<.05) according to footwear type. Conclusion : The footwear type with high stability like loafer is considered better than footwear type with low stability like mule and slipper for the elderly.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.421-433
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between periodontitis, obesity, and health behavior according to sex and age in Korean adults. Methods: Data on 11,032 adults aged 19-79 years were obtained from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to test for associations. Results: The final model that was adjusted for demographic characteristics and health status, showed a higher risk of periodontitis with increasing body mass index (BMI), smoking, failure to use oral care products, and no dental check up. In the sub-group analysis, only smoking was significant in the 19 to 39-year-old age groups. In the 40 to 64-year-old age group, a BMI of 30 or higher, and smoking, use of oral care products, and dental check-up were significantly associated with periodontitis. In the female group, BMI, smoking, use of oral care products, and dental check-up were significantly related to periodontitis. However, in males, only smoking was significant. Conclusions: Obesity management can be helpful for periodontal health as periodontitis prevalence in adults increased as BMI increased. For periodontal health, an oral health program should include smoking cessation and the use of oral care products and dental check up as part of obesity management.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to define dietary patterns among 227 Korean American adults and 151 teenagers living in California using frequency of intake of major food groups and to examine associations of dietary patterns with selected demographic and acculturation variables. Three dietary patterns, 'healthful', 'Korean', and 'western', were identified using factor analysis. For both groups, 'healthful' pattern was characterized by high loading on milk/milk products, fruit, fruit juice, and bean/bean products. 'Korean' pattern had high loading on rice and kimchi. 'Western' pattern was characterized by high loading on meat/meat products, soda, and noodle/pasta. Among Korean American adults, women tended to have higher scores of 'healthful' pattern but lower scores of 'western' pattern, while there was no association of 'Korean' pattern with gender. The older adults were likely to have higher 'Korean' pattern score. Length of stay in the US and English levels were negatively associated with 'Korean' pattern. Korean American female adolescents had lower 'western' pattern scores than did male adolescents. Age was inversely associated with 'healthful' pattern in adolescents. The adolescents who had felt more proud of being a Korean descendant had higher scores on 'Korean' dietary pattern. The study findings support that dietary patterns are associated with acculturation variables such as length of residence in the US, English fluency, and particularly pride in ethnicity for adolescents. Further studies are needed to understand associations of dietary patterns and acculturation with health risk of ethnic groups.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the unstable wall squat exercise and stable bridge exercise on posture in normal adults. Methods: The subjects of this study were 34 university students who were normal health adults, equally and randomly allocated to a unstable wall squat exercise group (male 7, female 10), an experimental group, and a stable bridge exercise group, a control group. Both did so for 30 minutes three times per week over a six-weeks period. Using Back Mapper, their trunk inclination (TIN), trunk imbalance (TIM), pelvic position (PPO), pelvic torsion (PTO), pelvic rotation (PRO) and the position of their scapula (PSA) were evaluated. Results: When the pre-test and post-test results of experimental group and control group were compared, statistically significant differences in TIN, PTO and PSA of experimental group were seen. Conclusion: Unstable wall squat exercise accompanied by abdominal drawing-in may be applied as a method to correct the posture in normal adults.