• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2016

계란의 품질은 소비자와 생산자 모두에게 매우 중요한 요소이다. 계란의 품질에 영향을 미치는 요소로 닭의 품종, 산란연령, 계란의 보관 온도와 저장기간, 보관 습도, 산란 계절 및 사료 등이 있다. 본 연구는 닭의 산란연령과 계란의 저장기간이 난질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 본 시험은 하이라인 브라운 실용산란계가 생산한 총 700개의 계란을 대상으로 2개의 산란연령(30주령 및 60주령)과 4개의 저장기간(0, 10, 20, 30일), 총 8처리에 대해 분석하였다. 계란의 품질 평가기준으로 난중, 난각색, 난각두께, 난각밀도, 난백높이, 호우유니트(HU), 난황색, 난황 및 난백의 pH와 점도를 측정하였다. 실험결과, 산란연령 및 계란의 저장기간은 거의 모든 계란의 내 외부 난질지표에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 산란연령이 증가함에 따라 생산된 계란의 난각두께, 난백높이, HU, 난황색, 난황과 난백의 pH 및 난황점도는 유의하게 감소하였다. 한편, 난각색에 있어서는 60주령에 생산된 계란이 30주령에 생산된 계란보다 옅은 난각색을 나타내었다. 또한, 계란의 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 난중, 난각중, 난각두께, 난각밀도, 난백높이, HU 및 난백점도는 감소하였고, 반면 난황색과 난황과 난백의 pH는 증가하였다. 더불어 난각두께, 난백높이, 난황색, 난황 및 난백의 pH와 점도는 계란의 저장기간과 산란연령 간 상호작용의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대표적 난질의 지표로 볼 수 있는 난각두께, 난백높이 및 HU가 60주령에 생산된 계란이 30주령에 산란한 알에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 산란연령이 증가하고 계란의 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 난질저하가 일어나게 된다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 신선란의 경우, 산란연령이 계란의 품질에 영향을 미치는 주된 요인인 반면, 보관란의 경우 저장기간이 난질에 영향을 미치는 결정적 요인임을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.668-672
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• 2001

흰쥐에 있어서 구기자 추출물 첨가식이가 간조직의 유해산소대사기구와 알콜대사에 어떠한 효과가 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 구기자 알콜 추출물을 사료에 2%, 4%를 첨가시켜 1개월간 사육한 후 처치하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 구기자 추출물 첨가식이로 성장하는 동안 체중증가율은 대조군보다 오히려 약간 감소되는 경향을 보였으며 간기능은 대조군과 별다른 차이가 없었다. 간조직의 xanthine oxidase 활성은 구기자 첨가식이군과 대조군간에는 별다를 차이를 볼 수 없었으며 cytochrome P450 함량은 2%및 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군이 대조군보다 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 간조직의 catalase 활성은 2% 및 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군 모두 대조군보다 유의한 (p<0.05) 증가를 보였으나 두 실험군 간에는 별다른 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 또한 superoxide dismutase 활성은 2% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군이 대조군보다 유의한 (p<0.05) 증가를 보였으며, 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군은 대조군과는 별다른 차이가 없었으나 2% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군에 비해서는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 glutathine 함량, glutathione-S-transferase 활성은 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군과 대조군 간에는 별다른 차이를 볼수 없었다. 한편 간조직의 alcohol dehydrogenase 활성은 2% 및 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군 모두 대조군보다 유의한 (p<0.001) 증가를 보였다. 그리고 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군과 대조군의 Km치는 980mM로 동일한 값을 나타내었으나, Vmax치는 2% 및 4% 구기자 추출물 첨가식이군이 대조군보다 각각 71%(660 nmole)및 40%(526nmole)로 증가하였다. 이상 실험결과는 식이중 구기자 알콜 추출물 첨가는 유해산소 및 알콜의 해독효과를 나타냄을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a parenting intervention program and determine the efficacy of the program with low-birth weight infants and their mothers. Nine dyads for the experimental group and twelve dyads for the control group discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in Seoul were recruited for the study. For the intervention group, programmed education and support which focused on the maternal sensitivity of the infant's behavior. rearing environment. motherinfant interaction and infant care were given to each subject. Individual counseling and home visits were provided at discharge, one week after discharge. and one and three months of corrected age in every infant. Structured questionaires were administered and feeding interactions were videotaped and coded by a blinded certified observer. A Quasi-experimental design was conducted for this study. Postpartum depression, maternal self esteem. infant care burden, HOME. mother-infant interaction, and infant development were measured. Results were in favor of the intervention versus the control group. On the Beck depression inventory, intervention mothers showed decreasing trends in depressive symptom vs control mothers although, there were statistically no significant differences between the two groups at each time. The mean score of experimental group was 11.55(mild depression state) at discharge and became 8,6(normal state) at 1 month of corrected age. On the other hand, the mean score of the control group was 13.92(mild depression state) at discharge and became 14.0. Maternal self esteem in both groups improved over time. Infant care burden in both groups was also shown to increase over time. There was a significant difference between the two groups in HOME(p=.0340) at 3 months of corrected age. HOME scores of the experimental group and the control's were 31.10 and 25.58, respectively. Mothers' emotional and language responses were significantly high in the intervention group compared with the control group(p=.0155). Intervention group (53.33) showed a significantly high quality of motherinfant interaction compared with the in control group (42.80)(p =.0340). Intervention group mothers appeared have a better quality of mother-infant interaction behaviors. On the other hand, there was no statistical difference in the infant part between groups. Intervention group infants had higher trends in a general developmental quotient: although, there was no statistical difference between groups. The general developmental quotient of intervention infants was 102.56 and control's was 91.28. However, the developmental quotient of the domain of 'individuality-sociality' was higher in the intervention group infants compared with the control's(p=.0155). The concerns identified by parents revealed two domains of an infants' health management -knowledge and skills in caregiving of lowbirthweight-infants, characteristics of lowbirthweight infants, identifying a developmental milestone, coping with emergency situations and relaxation strategies of mothers from the infant care burden. Interview data with the mothers of low-birth weight infants can be used to develop intervention program contents. Limited intervention time and frequency due to time and cost limitations of this study should be modified. The intervention should be continuously implemented when low-birth weight infants become three years old. An NNNS demonstration appeared to be a very effective intervention for the mothers to improve the quality of mother-infant interactions. Therefore intervening in the mothers of low-birth weight infants as early after delivery as possible is desirable. This study has shown that home visit interventions are worthwhile for mothers only beyond the approach as an essential factor in ability of facilitating a growth fostering environment. In conclusion. the intervention program of this study was very effective in enhancing the parenting for the mothers of low-birth weight infants, resulting in health promotion of low-birth weight infants. The home-visit outreach intervention program of this study will contribute to the health delivery system in this country where there is a lack of continuous follow-up programs for low-birth weight infants after discharge from NICU, if it is activated as part of the home visit programs in community health systems.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2007

본 시험은 대조구, 항생제 처리구:Avilla- mycin?? 6ppm, MOS 처리구:MOS 250ppm, lectin 처리구:Mannosespepecific lectin 12.5ppm, Organic acid F 처리구:FORMI??(formic acid 35.4%, formate 34.6%, potassium 30.0%) 0.3%, Organic acid G처리구: GALLACID?? 0.06% 등 6처리구를 두고 이들 처리가 산란계에 미치는 영향을 비교 평가하기 위하여 생산성, 혈액성상, 혈청 IgG, 장내 미생물 균총을 조사하였다. 사양시험은 48주령의 산란계(Hy-Line Brown??) 900수를 선별하여 6처리, 5반복, 반복당 15케이지, 케이지당 2수씩 A형 2단 케이지에 수용하고 randomized block design으로 배치하였다. 6주 동안의 산란율(hen-day, hen- house egg production)에서는 MOS 처리구가 가장 높은 산란율을 보였고 모든 첨가구가 대조구보다 산란율이 높았다(P<0.05). 난중은 lectin 처리구가 가장 높았으며 모든 첨가구들이 대조구보다 높은 경향이 있었다. 연파란율은 lectin 처리구를 제외한 모든 첨가구들이 대조구보다 낮았다(P<0.05). 난황색은 Organic acid G 처리구를 제외한 모든 첨가구들이 대조구보다 높았다(P<0.05). Haugh unit는 lectin 처리구가 가장 높았으며 모든 첨가구들이 대조구보다 높았다. Leukocytes 중 SI는 lectin 처리구가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). Erythrocytes 중 RBC, HB, MCHC는 lectin 처리구가 가장 높았으며 MOS 처리구가 가장 낮았다(P<0.05). 장내 미생물에서는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 Lactobacilli 수는 대조구보다 첨가구들이 높은 경향이 있었고 Cl. perfringens 수는 Organic acid F를 제외한 모든 첨가구들이 대조구보다 낮은 경향이 있었다. 혈청 IgG 농도는 MOS 처리구가 가장 높았으며 모든 첨가구들이 대조구보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 본 시험에서 사용된 면역조절제(MOS, Lectin)와 유기산제는 산란계에서 항생제(Avilamycin??)와 유사한 생산성을 나타내어 항생제 대체제로서 산란계의 생산성을 효과적으로 개선 할 수 있으며 특히 이중에서 MOS의 생산성 개선효과가 가장 높았다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.70-83
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• 1999

The birth of a premature infant is distressing for its parents. The parents of a premature infant experience stress according to the infant's physical appearance and behavior, the environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) , and the alteration in the parental role. Especially, a mother of a premature infant feels distressed even after the discharge of the infant : therefore, she has difficulties in maternal role performance. The main purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the planned infant care information program in order to lower the stress level for mothers of premature infants caused by the birth and hospitalization in NICU of premature infants, to reduce the maternal role strain, and to promote the maternal role performance after the infants' discharge. This study employed two methods of research at the same time : quasi -experimental non-equivalent pre and post test to compare : non-equivalent post test to compare. The total number of subjects was 19 who were assigned to the research program : 12 mothers of premature infants at the NICU at the Ch university hospital and 7 at the NICU at the Y general hospital located in Chounju city. The data were collected for 79 days from August 18 to November 5, 1998. The questionnaire method was applied for the data collection, and the measures used in this study were Parental Stressor Scale : NICU(Miles, 1993), the Maternal Role Strain Measures ( Hobbs, 1968 ; Steffensmeier, 1982) , and Self Confidence Scale (Pharis, 1978). Research procedure is as follows : after preliminary examination, the experimental subjects, the mothers of premature infants at the Nl CU at Ch university hospital were provided with slide films and information developed by the researcher based on existing documents and data. It took two 60-minute sessions a week for two weeks, and the mothers' stress level was measured using the same instrument twice one week and two week after the infants' hospitalization. The stress level of the contrast subjects, the mothers at Y general hospital was measured during the same period. The experimental subjects were provided with booklets on matters that require attention after the infants' discharge and on developmental project, and they were educated to play the maternal role in person for 2-3 hours a week : breast-feeding, burping a baby, and changing diapers. One week after the infants' discharge, the maternal role strain and the maternal role performance were examined in two groups of the subjects. The analysis of collected data was done using descriptive statistics including real numbers, percentages, averages, and standard deviations. Mann-Whitney test ; x² test ; Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance ; ANCOVA Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. The results on this study were as follows. (1) The examination of the same quality showed that there were no differences in the general and obstetrical characters between the two groups. However, in terms of the characters of premature infants. just right after their birth, the infants at the contrast group weighed more than those at the experimental group(U=16.5, p=.02), and the former was in mother's womb longer than the latter(U=15.5, p=.02). (2) The stress level of the mothers provided with the plannned nursing intervention program became lower as time passed compared to the others'(F=16.61, p=.00) Even when the influence of weight at birth and the length of gestation was removed among the premature infants' characters, the mothers' stress levels made a statistical difference 2 weeks after the infants' hospitalization depending on treatment (F=8.00, p=.01) (3) The maternal role strain of the mothers provided with the planned nursing intervention program was lower than the others'(U=2.0, p=.00). Even when the influence of weight at birth and the length of gestation was removed among the premature infants' characters, the maternal role strain levels made a statistical difference 2 weeks after the infants' hospitalization, depending on treatment(F=14.72, p=.00). (4) The maternal role performance level of the mothers provided with the planned nursing program was higher than the others'(U=.0, p=.00). Even when the influence of weight at birth and the length of gestation was removed among the premature infants' characters, the mothers' stress levels made a statistical difference 2 weeks after the infants' hospitalization, depending on treatment(F=8.00, p=.01). (5) The correlation between a mother's stress level 2 weeks after her infant's hospitalization, the maternal role strain and the maternal role performance were compared : the stress and the maternal role strain were statistically irrelevant to each other(r=.33, p=.12) : the stress was found to be in inverse proportion to the maternal role performance(r=-.53, p=.02). The maternal role strain was in inverse proportion to the maternal role performance as well(r=-.50, p=.00). In conclusion, for the mothers provided with the planned nursing intervention program, their stress level was getting lower as time passed during the infants' hospitalization, their maternal role strain reduced when they took care of their infants after their discharge, and their maternal role performance level was high compared to the other mothers. Besides, the lower the stress level of mothers of premature infants was during the infants' hospitalization, the higher the maternal role performance after their discharge was. The lower maternal role strain was, the higher the maternal role performance was as well. These results of the study suggested that the nursing intervention program for the mothers of premature infants developed by the researcher would be effectively applied to nursing practice, and it would be a foundation for the development of this kind of program.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

본 실험은 사료 내 칼슘 수준과 fungal phytase의 상호 관계를 구명하고자 21주령 HyLine Brown 산란계 720수를 공시하여 시험을 실시하였다. 시험구는 phytase 첨가 수준 0, 300, 1000 DPU/kg, 칼슘 2수준(3.5, 4.0%), 무기태 인 수준 무첨가(0.095 NPP), 0.5(0.185 NPP), 1.0%(0.275%)를 조합한 $3{\times}2{\times}3$ 요인 시험으로 하였다. 실험 사료는 CP 16%에 ME 2,800 kcal/ kg 수준으로 급여하였다. 사료는 실험 전 기간 자유 채식토록 하였으며, 점등은 17시간으로 하였다. 조사 항목은 산란계의 생산 능력, 계란의 품질이다. 산란율은 fungal phytase 300 DPU 첨가구에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 연.파란율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 처리구간별 산란율은 사료의 칼슘 수준에 따른 차이가 없었지만, NPP 무첨가구인 0.095% 첨가구에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 낮았다(P<0.05). 평균 난중 및 1일 산란량은 fungal phytase 300 DPU 첨가구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 평균 난중은 사료 칼슘 수준이 3.5% 처리구에서 높게 나타났지만(P<0.05) 1일 산란량은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 평균 난중 및 1일 산란량은 NPP 무첨가구인 0.095% 첨가구에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 매우 낮았다(P<0.05). 사료 섭취량은 사료의 fungal phytase 및 칼슘 수준에 관계없이 비슷한 경향을 보였지만, 사료내 NPP 0.275, 0.165% 함유된 처리구에서 0.095% 처리구보다 통계적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 사료 요구율은 사료내 칼슘 및 NPP 수준간에 차이가 없었지만, fungal phytase 300DPU 첨가구에서 가장 크게 개선되었다(P<0.05). 난각 강도와 두께는 사료의 칼슘 수준이 높을수록 향상되는 결과를 보였고, NPP 0.275, 0.165%가 함유된 처리구에서 0.095% 처리구에 비하여 향상되었으며, 사료내 fungal phytase 수준에 따른 차이는 없었다. Haugh unit은 처리구간에 큰 차이 없이 비슷하게 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과, 산란계 사료에서 fungal phytase의 적정 수준은 300 DPU이며, 이때 사료내 TCP 첨가량은 권장량 대비 40% 이상 저감 효과가 있었으며, 사료의 칼슘 수준을 높게 하였을지라도 fungal phytase 첨가에 대한 개선 효과는 나타나지 않았다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2003

When we think of fundamental problems of the aquaculture industry, there are several strict conditions, and consequently the aquaculture industry is forced to change. Fish aquaculture has a structural supply surplus in production, aggravation of fishing grounds, stagnant low price due to recent recession, and drastic change of distribution circumstances. It is requested for us to initiate discussion on such issue as “how fish aquaculture establishes its status in the coastal fishery\ulcorner, will fish aquaculture grow in the future\ulcorner, and if so “how it will be restructured\ulcorner” The above issues can be observed in the mariculture of yellow tail, sea scallop and eel. But there have not been studied concerning seabream even though the production is over 30% of the total production of fish aquaculture in resent and it occupied an important status in the fish aquaculture. The objectives of this study is to forecast the future movement of sea bream aquaculture. The first goal of the study is to contribute to managerial and economic studies on the aquaculture industry. The second goal is to identify the factors influencing the competition between production areas and to identify the mechanisms involved. This study will examine the competitive power in individual producing area, its behavior, and its compulsory factors based on case study. Producing areas will be categorized according to following parameters : distance to market and availability of transportation, natural environment, the time of formation of producing areas (leaderㆍfollower), major production items, scale of business and producing areas, degree of organization in production and sales. As a factor in shaping the production area of sea bream aquaculture, natural conditions especially the water temperature is very important. Sea bream shows more active feeding and faster growth in areas located where the water temperature does not go below 13∼14$^{\circ}C$ during the winter. Also fish aquaculture is constrained by the transporting distance. Aquacultured yellowtail is a mass-produced and a mass-distributed item. It is sold a unit of cage and transported by ship. On the other hand, sea bream is sold in small amount in markets and transported by truck; so, the transportation cost is higher than yellow tail. Aquacultured sea bream has different product characteristics due to transport distance. We need to study live fish and fresh fish markets separately. Live fish was the original product form of aquacultured sea bream. Transportation of live fish has more constraints than the transportation of fresh fish. Death rate and distance are highly correlated. In addition, loading capacity of live fish is less than fresh fish. In the case of a 10 ton truck, live fish can only be loaded up to 1.5 tons. But, fresh fish which can be placed in a box can be loaded up to 5 to 6 tons. Because of this characteristics, live fish requires closer location to consumption area than fresh fish. In the consumption markets, the size of fresh fish is mainly 0.8 to 2kg.Live fish usually goes through auction, and quality is graded. Main purchaser comes from many small-sized restaurants, so a relatively small farmer and distributer can sell it. Aquacultured sea bream has been transacted as a fresh fish in GMS ,since 1993 when the price plummeted. Economies of scale works in case of fresh fish. The characteristics of fresh fish is as follows : As a large scale demander, General Merchandise Stores are the main purchasers of sea bream and the size of the fish is around 1.3kg. It mainly goes through negotiation. Aquacultured sea bream has been established as a representative food in General Merchandise Stores. GMS require stable and mass supply, consistent size, and low price. And Distribution of fresh fish is undertook by the large scale distributers, which can satisfy requirements of GMS. The market share in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market shows Mie Pref. is dominating in live fish. And Ehime Pref. is dominating in fresh fish. Ehime Pref. showed remarkable growth in 1990s. At present, the dealings of live fish is decreasing. However, the dealings of fresh fish is increasing in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market. The price of live fish is decreasing more than one of fresh fish. Even though Ehime Pref. has an ideal natural environment for sea bream aquaculture, its entry into sea bream aquaculture was late, because it was located at a further distance to consumers than the competing producing areas. However, Ehime Pref. became the number one producing areas through the sales of fresh fish in the 1990s. The production volume is almost 3 times the production volume of Mie Pref. which is the number two production area. More conversion from yellow tail aquaculture to sea bream aquaculture is taking place in Ehime Pref., because Kagosima Pref. has a better natural environment for yellow tail aquaculture. Transportation is worse than Mie Pref., but this region as a far-flung producing area makes up by increasing the business scale. Ehime Pref. increases the market share for fresh fish by creating demand from GMS. Ehime Pref. has developed market strategies such as a quick return at a small profit, a stable and mass supply and standardization in size. Ehime Pref. increases the market power by the capital of a large scale commission agent. Secondly Mie Pref. is close to markets and composed of small scale farmers. Mie Pref. switched to sea bream aquaculture early, because of the price decrease in aquacultured yellou tail and natural environmental problems. Mie Pref. had not changed until 1993 when the price of the sea bream plummeted. Because it had better natural environment and transportation. Mie Pref. has a suitable water temperature range required for sea bream aquaculture. However, the price of live sea bream continued to decline due to excessive production and economic recession. As a consequence, small scale farmers are faced with a market price below the average production cost in 1993. In such kind of situation, the small-sized and inefficient manager in Mie Pref. was obliged to withdraw from sea bream aquaculture. Kumamoto Pref. is located further from market sites and has an unsuitable nature environmental condition required for sea bream aquaculture. Although Kumamoto Pref. is trying to convert to the puffer fish aquaculture which requires different rearing techniques, aquaculture technique for puffer fish is not established yet.