• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2002

Gender differences in the effects of gonadectomy and high cholesterol diet on body weight and body cholesterol were investigated by using Sprague Dawley rats. Body weight, plasma and liver levels of cholesterol and triglyceride and platelet aggregation were examined in ovariectomized(OVX) or orchidectomized(ODX) rats with their intacts after feeding diet with or without 0.5% cholesterol. Body weight was significantly increased(p < 0.01) in OVX rats and significantly decreased(p < 0.01) in ODX rats compared to their respective intact rats, and cholesterol diet significantly(p < 0.05) decreased body weight in gonadectomized rats. Liver lobes from rats fed cholesterol diet were opaque and larger than those from rats find control dict, resulting in a significant increase(p < 0.01) in LW/BW ratio. Plasma and liver levels of total cholesterol were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in female rats regardless ovariectomy when find 0.5% cholesterol diet, but those levels in male rats were increased only when they were orchidectomized(p < 0.0l). Plasma HDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased(p < 0.05) in both sexes when find cholesterol diet. HDL-cholesterol were higher in female than male rats regardless treatments(p < 0.05). Liver triglyceride was significantly increased(p < 0.05) in both sexes when find cholesterol dict. Plasma level of triglyceride was not different among groups except significant decrease(p < 0.05) in cholesterol find ODX rats. Maximum platelet aggregation in female rats was significantly lower(p < 0.05) than male, but ovariectomy and cholesterol diet caused an increase te the level of male rats. Microscopic examination showed cholesterol diet caused a lipid accumulation in liver. Results indicate that intact female rats have higher response to hypercholestcrolemic diet than intact male rats and orchidectomy causes male rats more responsive to hypercholesterolemic diet. However, ovariectomy causes an increase female food efficiency ratio to the level of male rats, significantly increasing body weight.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.12.1-12.8
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• 2020

Background: An 8-week feeding trial was designed to evaluate the potential of yellow mealworm (MW; Tenebrio molitor) as a locally available nutrient-rich feedstuff for rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Methods: Triplicate groups of fish (mean ± SE; 1.11 ± 0.01 g) were assigned to each of the five isonitrogenous and isocaloric practical diets containing graded level of a full fat MW (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28%) at the expense of fish meal (designated as MW0, MW7, MW14, MW21, and MW28, respectively). Results: Fish growth performance in terms of weight gain and specific growth rate significantly increased with increasing dietary MW level up to 14% and then declined when dietary MW levels further increased to 28%. Significantly higher protein efficiency ratio and lower feed conversion ratio were found in fish fed with diets containing MW compared to fish fed the control MW0. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly higher in fish fed MW7 diet compared to fish fed the MW0 diet. Fish fed the MW14 and MW28 diets had significantly higher lysozyme activities than those fed the MW0 diet. Conclusions: Overall, the efficacy of MW as promising alternative to fish meal in practical diets for rainbow trout fry has been proved not only in relation to growth rates and feed utilization, but also from the viewpoint of immunopotentiation effects.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.20.1-20.8
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of taurine for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at low water temperature ($16.4{\pm}0.36^{\circ}C$). Fish meal (FM)-based diet was used as the control diet. Four other experimental diets were prepared by adding taurine to FM-based diet at 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 1. 50% (T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively). Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (initial mean body weight, 19.5 g) for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and feed utilization, hematological parameters, non-specific immune responses, whole-body proximate composition, and liver mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were investigated. Feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced while protein efficiency ratio was significantly increased in taurine-supplemented groups. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were also significantly increased while plasma cholesterol levels were decreased in taurine-supplemented groups than those in the control group. Nitroblue-tetrazolium, myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, and plasma immunoglobulin level were significantly increased by taurine supplementation. These results suggest that dietary taurine supplementation is effective in improving growth performances, feed utilization, and innate immunity of olive flounder in low water temperature season.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.886-893
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary silymarin supplementation on the growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and antioxidant capacity of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1% silymarin (designated as Con, S0025, S005 and S01, respectively). Triplicate groups of shrimp (initial body weight: 0.70 g) were fed each of the diets for 6 weeks. After the feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly higher in silymarin-supplemented groups compared to Con group. Dietary silymarin significantly enhanced protein efficiency ratio of S01 group and reduced feed conversion ratio of S005 and S01 groups. Phenoloxidase and anti-protease activities were significantly higher in S01 group compared to Con group. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly higher in silymarin-supplemented groups compared to those of Con group. The results of this study indicate that dietary silymarin could improve the growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and antioxidant capacity of Pacific white shrimp. The optimum level of silymarin in diet for Pacific white shrimp is suggested to be ≥0.025%.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.752-762
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• 2022

Objective: Microencapsulation is a technique to improve stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of active ingredients at a target site. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulated basil oil (MBO) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID), jejunal histomorphology, bacterial population as well as antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. Methods: A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds), based on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (NC), ii) basal diet with avilamycin at 10 ppm (PC), iii) basal diet with free basil oil (FBO) at 500 ppm, and iv) basal diet with MBO at 500 ppm, respectively. Results: Dietary supplementation of MBO improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas MBO did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. The broilers fed MBO diet exhibited a greater AID of crude protein and gross energy compared with those in other groups (p<0.05). Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli populations were not affected by feeding dietary treatments. Both FBO and MBO had positive effects on jejunal villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) and villus surface area of broilers compared to NC and PC groups (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase level in the duodenal mucosa of MBO group was significantly increased (p<0.01), whereas malondialdehyde level was significantly decreased (p<0.01). Conclusion: Microencapsulation could be considered as a promising driver of the basil oil efficiency, consequently MBO at 500 ppm could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of intestinal integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broiler chickens.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2010

산란계에서 본 연구의 목적은 생균제(PY0.3%, PY0.5%) 를 산란계에 급여하였을 때 산란율, 산란수, 난중, 등외란, 파란율 등을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 산란계에서의 사양시험은 36주령 ISA brown 산란계 300수를 공시하였으며, 처리구로는 옥수수-대두박 기초 사료구(Con; basal diet), 기초 사료구에 일반 효모 0.3%(basal diet+0.3% 일반효모), 일반 효모 0.5%(basal diet+0.5% 일반효모), 활성 효모 0.3%(basal diet+0.3% 유전자 변형 효모), 활성 효모 0.5%(basal diet+0.5% 유전자 변형 효모)를 첨가한 것으로 구성되었다. 총 13주간의 사양시험 기간 동안, 산란율, 산란수, 난중, 등 외란, 파란율 등을 연구했다. 사양시험에 이용한 닭은 각각 20수씩 3반복을 하였으며, 총 300수를 사용했다. 시험결과 시험군인 활성 효모 첨가군이 대조군에 비해서 산란율, 산란수, 난중에서 우수한 효과를 보였으며, 일반효모 첨가군에 비해서는 산란율, 산란수에 대해서는 우수하였으나 난중에서는 유의성이 없었다(p<0.05). 등외란과 파란율에서는 첨가 군에서 큰 란이 생산되는 비율이 크다 보니까 상대적으로 등 외란과 파란율이 높아진 면도 있다. 이러한 우수한 결과는 PY를 첨가함으로써 면역 기능강화와 bacteriocin의 기능과 효모에서 분비된 여러 가지 유용물질의 상호작용에서 기인된 결과로 보여 지며 이런 이유로 사료효율 개선과 병원성 미생물의 억제효과 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 상승효과로 작용했기 때문이라고 추정된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.178-188
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• 2002

제올라이트를 식물 여과상의 여재로 사용가능성을 평가하고 설계 인자를 얻기 위하여 식물을 식재하지 않고 제올라이트만 칼럼에 충전하여 유기물, 인 질소 등의 제거효율 분석하여 최적 수리학적 부하, 최적 여재의 입경범위 결정 그리고 원수의 상 하향류 주입에 따른 제거효율을 비교하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 입경 범위 0.5$\sim$1 mm와 1$\sim$3 mm인 두 종류의 제올라이트를 부피비 1 : 1로 혼합하여 높이 1 m에서 수리학적 부하 53, 113, 160, 314, 450, 667 $L/m^2{\cdot}d$로 변화시키며 실험한 결과 수리학적 314 $L/m^2{\cdot}d$에서 $COD_{Cr}$, 94.63%, T-P 41.41%, T-N 90.46%과 $NH_4^+-N$ 99.75% 정도로 안정적으로 제거되었다. 제올라이트 입경 0.5$\sim$1 mm와 1$\sim$3 mm의 혼합비를 1 : 1(I), 1 : 3 (II), 1$\sim$3 mm만을 여재(III)로 사용하여, 수리학적 부하 314 $L/m^2{\cdot}d$로 동일하게 각 칼럼에 주입한 결과 T-N과 $NH_4^+-N$은 입경의 변화에 관계없이 87%, 99%이상의 높은 제거율을 보였고, COD의 경우 I, II에서 89%이상의 높은 제거율을 보였다 반면 T-P의 경우는 입경에 관계없이 56.42$\sim$58.71% 제거되었다. 그러나 1$\sim$3 mm인 제올라이트에서 제거효율이 약간 좋지 않아 두 제올라이트를 1 : 1로 혼합한 여재가 적합하였다. 수리학적 부하 314 $L/m^2{\cdot}d$, 제올라이트 입경 0.5$\sim$1 mm와 1$\sim$3 mm를 1 : 1로 혼합한 여재 높이 100 cm에서 원수를 하향류 및 상향류로 주입하면서 하향류 20, 40, 80, 100 cm, 상향류 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 cm에서 시료를 채취하여 분석한 결과 모두 원수가 주입되는 부근 여재 높이 20 cm에서 가장 많이 제거되었다. 상향류 보다 하향류로 원수를 주입했을 때 제거효율이 높았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1976

이유(離乳) 직후(直後)의 백서(白鼠)를 대상으로 주곡(主穀)인 백미(白米)와 잡곡(雜穀)인 보리와 속(粟)의 혼식(混食)에 의(依)한 영양효과(營養效果)를 관찰하였다. 시험식이(試驗食餌)는 대조식이(對照食餌), 백미식이(白米食餌), 백미(白米) 70%에 보리 30%, 속(粟) 30%, 보리 20% 일속(一粟) 10%, 보리와 속(粟) 각각(各各) 15%, 보리 10% 일속(一粟) 20% 혼합식이(混合食餌) 등(等) 동열량(同熱量) (357kca1/100g) 및 동단백질수준(同蛋白質水準)(12%)의 7종(種)이었다. 7주간(週間)의 사양(飼養)과 4일간(日間)의 대사시험(代謝試驗)을 통(通)하여 증체량(增體量), 식이효율, 단백질효율(蛋白質效率), 단백질소화율(蛋白質消化率), 생물가(生物價)와 단백질이용률(蛋白質利用率) 및 간장실소(肝臟室素)와 혈청단백질함량(血淸蛋白質含量) 등(等)을 관찰한바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 증체량(增體量)은 보리 또는 속혼합식이군(粟混合食餌群)이 백미식이군(白米食餌群) 보다 양호(良好)하였으나 유의적(有意的) 차(差)는 없었다. 2) 식이섭취량(食餌攝取量)은 식이군별(食餌群別)로 약간의 차이(差異)가 있을 뿐 일정한 경향은 없었다. 식이효율은 보리와 속혼합식이군(粟混合食餌群)이 백미식이군(白米食餌群)보다 양호(良好)하였다. 3) 단백질효율(蛋白質效率)도 보리와 속혼합식이군(栗混合食餌群)이 백미식이군(白米食餌群) 보다 양호(良好)하였고 유의차(有意差)는 없었다. 4) 단백질소화율(蛋白質消化率)은 백미식이군(白米食餌群)이 현저히 (P<0.01) 높았고 보리와 속(粟)를 함께 혼합(混合)한 식이군(食餌群)이 높은 경향(傾向)이였다. 생물가(生物價)와 단백질이용율(蛋白質利用率)은 백미식이군(白米食餌群)보다는 보리 또는 속혼합식이군(粟混合食餌群)이 유의(有意)하게 (各各 p<0.05, p<0.01)높았고 속혼합식이군(粟混合食餌群)은 다소 낮았다. 5) 간장실소(肝臟室素)와 혈청단백질함량(血淸蛋白質含量)은 유의차(有意差)없이 유사(類似)하였고 정상치(正常値)의 범위내(範圍內)에 있었다. 본시험(本試驗)의 결과(結果) 백미(白米) 혹은 곡류단백질(穀類蛋白質)을 보강(補强)한다는 것은 많은 단백질(蛋白質)을 첨가(添加)한다는 것 보다는 전체적(全體的)인 균형(均衡)을 이루어 주는 점(點)이 중요(重要)하며 백미식이(白米食餌)가 소화율(消化率)은 우수하나 일단 소화(消化)된 실소(室素)의 체내이용률(體內利用率)이 혼합식이(混合食餌)보다 낮았음은 섭취(攝取)한 단백질(蛋白質)을 절약하며 식품(食品)과 단백질(蛋白質)의 효과적(效果的) 이용(利用)을 위(爲)해서는 곡류(穀類)끼리의 적당한 혼합(混合)과 백미(白米)에 대(對)한 곡류(穀類)의 혼합률(混合率)이 중요(重要)하다고 보며 백미식(白米食)의 보강개량(補强改良)과 절미(節米)의 목적(目的)으로 잡곡혼용(雜穀混用)의 권장 등도 의의(意義)있다고 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2017

A dose-response experiment was conducted to determine the lysine requirement for broiler breeder hens during pre-peak production. Totally, one hundred and twenty-six flock 23-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeder hens with similar body weight were selected ($2,188{\pm}32g$) for a 6-week experiment. Hens were fed with a basal diet of corn-wheat-soybean meal formulated to achieve the Ross 308 breeder nutrient specifications (2016), except for lysine. The 7 graded, daily lysine intake levels used in this experiment were 732, 785, 838, 891, 944, 997, and 1,050 mg, and hens were restricted to 133 g of feed throughout this experiment. Pen based egg production were recorded once a day and all eggs were weighed daily. Age at sexual maturity was determined when the hens attained age at 25% production. Body weight at 23~29 weeks of age was not affected (P>0.05) by lysine levels. By fitting a linear-plateau model, the daily lysine requirements for feed conversion ratio, total produced egg weight, and age at sexual maturity at 23~29 weeks of age were estimated as 865, 907, and 891 mg, respectively. Using a quadratic-plateau model, the daily lysine requirement at 23~29 weeks of age were estimated as 974, 964, and 950 mg for feed conversion ratio, total produced egg weight, and age at sexual maturity, respectively. These results suggested that the daily lysine requirement for modern broiler breeder hens according to the National Research Council (1994) are insufficient for higher total produced egg weight, sexual maturity, and feed efficiency, and 120% of the NRC recommendation level would improve hen productivity when data are fitted under linear- and quadratic-plateau models.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2002

Possibility of raising sunshine bass during the winter season in Korea was investigated. Also, the effect of feed on growth and body composition of sunshine bass was compared at the various salinity. Twenty sunshine bass $(Mean\;weight\;\pm S.D.\: :\;53.9 \pm 0.24 g)$ were stocked into the eighteen circular flow-through tanks. A 2 (feed) $\times$ 3 (salinity) factorial design with triplicate was used for this study. Feed was prepared into the 2 groups: the raw fish-based me>ist pellet (MP) containing $59.5\%$ crude protein and $9.4\%$ crude lipid, and commercial sinking red sea bream feed (CF) containing $49.9\%$ crude protein and $9.4\%$ crude lipid, respectively. And salinity was prepared into the 3 groups: freshwater $(0\%)$, brackishwater $(15\%)$, and seawater $(32\%)$. Fish were fed to satiation twice daily for 6 days a week. Fish were all survived at the end of the 8-week feeding trial. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of sunshine bass were significantly (P<0.05) affected by both feed and salinity. WG and SGR of sunshine bass fed the MP were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish fed the CF in the same salinity. Amount of dry feed fed was significantly (P<0.05) affected by both feed and salinity. Feed consumption by sunshine bass fed on the MP was significantly (P<0,05) higher than by fish fed on the CF in the same salinity. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) was significantly (P<0,05) affected by salinity, but not by feed. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly (P<0.05) affected by both feed and salinity. Moisture and protein content of the whole-body of fish was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by either feed or salinity. However, lipid and ash content of the whole-body of fish was significantly (P<0.05) affected by salinity, but not by feed. In conclusion, the MP was superior to CF for growth of sunshine bass during the winter season in Korea and no mortality occurred. And sunshine bass seemed to grow better in freshwater $(0\%)$ and brac-kishwater $(15\%)$ than seawater $(32\%)$ under these experimental conditions, in terms of improvement in FER and PER in freshwater or brackishwater.