• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2003

A study was conducted to investigate the fattening performance, physico-chemical properties of breast meat, vaccine titers in cross bred meat type hybrid chicks fed organic sulfur. Total three hundred and sixty chicks of eight weeks old were replaced in individual cage from 8 to 10 weeks old. Four levels of organic sulfur (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0%) containing 45% sulfur were added into basal diet containing CP 19% and ME 2,950 kcal/kg. Weight gain, feed intake, fred conversion were weekly measured. The proximate composition, physico-chemical properties of breast meat, vaccine titer and sensory characteristics were examined at the end of experiment. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion of birds fed organic sulfur were not statistically different with control. There were no significant difference in feed intake and feed conversion. However, abdominal fat(%) of birds fed organic sulfur tended to increase compared with control. Crude fat of breast meat decreased significantly in organic sulfur treatments(P<0.05). The red color of breast meat seemed to increase but was not statistically different among the treatments. Cooking loss showed decrements significantly in organic sulfur treatments(P<0.05). Mechanical Hardness, cohesiveness and springiness were prone to be high and gumminess greatly high in breast meat of birds fed organic sulfur addition compared with control. Juiciness tended to increase and greasiness decreased(P<0.05) in organic sulfur treatments by the sensory evaluation. The overall acceptability of the breast meat was the highest at 2.0% organic sulfur added chicks(P<0.01). There were no different blood cholesterol, AST, ALT and BUN.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1425-1434
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• 2011

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the processing method of common vetch seed (CVS) (Vicia sativa) on laying performance, egg quality, metabolic parameters and liver histopatology during the peak production period in hens. Lohman layers, 46 wk of age in 6 replicate cages each containing 4 hens, were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments. Diets were control (C) diet containing no common vetch and experimental diets containing 25% raw common vetch (RCV), 25% soaked in water for 72 h with exchange of water every 24 h (SCV) and 25% soaked&boiled at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 minute common vetch (SBCV). Inclusion of RCV into the diet deteriorated all laying performance variables. SCV did not alleviate the adverse effect of raw common vetch on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. SCV partially alleviated egg production (p<0.001). SBCV diminished the adverse effect on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change compared to raw vicia sativa (p<0.001). No significant difference was detected between SBCV and the control group in terms of egg production, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. Regardless of the processing method, all the common vetch groups had lower shell strength compared to the control group. Haugh units did differ between all groups (p<0.001). Inclusion of RCV and SCV into the basal diet decreased triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein and serum glucose concentrations (p<0.001). Hovewer, inclusion of SBCV into the basal diet increased these parameters. Liver samples were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and evaluated by light microscopy. A biopsy of native liver tissue was used as a control. No histopathologic finding was present in the control group. Raw V. sativa compared with the control caused lipid accumulations in hepatocytes, severe congestion of hepatic blood vessels, inflammation, increased numbers of Kupffer cells and sinusoidal dilatations. Whereas, the livers from groups given treated V. sativa showed only different degrees of sinusoidal dilatations. Findings from the present study point out the risk of increased hepatic damage due to use of raw Vicia sativa. Increasing treatment of V. sativa lead to a decrease of liver damages. Inclusion of raw and soaked vetch seeds in rations affected adversely all parameters examined in laying hens. But alleviation was observed when soaked and boiled vetch seeds (SBCV) were fed. The results of these experiments indicated that soaked&boiled Vicia sativa seeds may safely be used at a 25% level in rations of laying hens.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.409-420
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of fermented feedstuff added Saccharomyces cerevisiae(FFSC) on growth performance and carcass grade of growing Hanwoo bulls. Twenty six Hanwoo bulls averaging 230$\pm$24kg were randomly assigned within two dietary treatments which were control and FFSC. Average daily gain and feed intake were significantly higher in FFSC compared with control during growing, fattening and finishing period. Feed conversion was improved in FFSC compared with control during fattening and finishing period. During the whole experimental period, average daily gains were 1.06 and 0.98kg in FFSC and control, respectively, and it indicated that 19% was improved in FFSC compared with control(P<0.05). Feed intake was not significantly different between treatments during whole experimental period. In addition, feed conversion was not significantly different between treatments, there was a tendency to be beneficially increased about 7% in FFSC compared with control. There was no differences on yield traits including carcass weight, dressing, back fat thickness, rib-eye area and meat production between treatments. Marbling score was improved in FFSC compared with control(P<0.05). Appearances of ‘A’ ranked meat quantity were 44.4 and 25.0% in FFSC and control, respectively. Only FFSC had ‘1’ ranked appearance, but there was no ‘1’ ranked appearance in the control.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.805-810
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with bamboo charcoal (BC) and bamboo leaf (BL) on growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens were fed for 30 days with a diet containing 0.5% bamboo charcoal or bamboo leaf. The results showed that the mortality rate during the study period was slightly lower in the BC and BL groups than the control group, while terminal weight and weight gain were significantly higher in the BC and BL groups than the control group. Dietary supplementation with BC or BL also improved feed conversion rate compared to chickens in the control group. Shear force was significantly lower in the BC and BL groups than that of the control group. The fat content of chickens fed with BC tended to decrease, while the ratio of unsaturated fat acid of chickens fed with BC or BL tended to increase, although without a statistically significant difference. Sensory evaluation revealed that overall acceptability was slightly higher in the BC and BL groups than the control group. There was no statistically significant change in the hematology and serum biochemistry parameters, compared with the control group in any group tested. The results of this experiment indicated that dietary supplementation with BC and BL may improve growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and meat quality in broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2003

In order to study the optimum daily protein allowance for broiler breeders of 24 to 64 weeks of age on a control-fed basis, an experiment was carried out with 400 hens of Arbor Acres strain. Four levels of protein allowances were used to supply 18 to 24g of protein per day in 2g increments. As the age of hens increased, a same stepwise increase and decrease in daily energy allotment was used in all treatments. Same amount of calcium, phosphorus, methionine and lysine were supplied in all treatments and throughout laying period. Hen-day egg production was highest in hens receiving 20g protein per day(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference among those fed daily protein ranging 18 to 22g, and increasing the daily protein allotment up to 24g resulted in a significant decrease(p<0.05). Average egg weight showed a trend to increase as the daily protein allowance increase(p<0.05), but no significant difference was found among the hens fed daily protein 20 to 24g. Feed and ME conversion was superior in hens receiving 20g daily protein(p<0.05). CP conversion was increased as the daily protein allowance increase(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between hens receiving 18 and 20g daily protein. Feed cost required per egg or per kg egg was lowest in hens fed 20g daily protein. It could be concluded that the optimum daily protein allowance was 20g in all performances.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.340-346
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• 2012

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and residues of antibiotics in poultry products have encouraged the use of probiotics, prebiotic substrates, and synbiotic combinations of prebiotics and probiotics as alternative approaches to the use of antibiotics in poultry. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a new probiotic CS61 culture on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and safety in broiler chickens, and to evaluate its value as an alternative for antibiotics used as a feed additive. Two dosages of CS61 culture (0.1% and 1%) were fed to chickens for 28 days. The results showed that terminal body weight and daily weight gain in the treatment groups increased in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control group. Dietary supplementation with CS61 culture also improved feed conversion rate compared to the control group. There were no treatment-related toxic effects in terms of clinical findings, mortality, necropsy findings, hematology, or serum biochemistry parameters in any group tested. The nitric oxide assay showed that CS61 peptide has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. The results of this experiment indicated that dietary supplementation of CS61 culture may improve growth performance and feed conversion efficiency in chickens through its anti-inflammatory effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.494-500
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• 2019

Objective: Feed consumption contributes a large percentage for total production costs in the poultry industry. Detecting genes associated with feeding traits will be of benefit to improve our understanding of the molecular determinants for feed efficiency. The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes associated with feed conversion ratio (FCR) via genomewide association study (GWAS) using sequence data imputed from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel in a Chinese indigenous chicken population. Methods: A total of 435 Chinese indigenous chickens were phenotyped for FCR and were genotyped using a 600K SNP genotyping array. Twenty-four birds were selected for sequencing, and the 600K SNP panel data were imputed to whole sequence data with the 24 birds as the reference. The GWAS were performed with GEMMA software. Results: After quality control, 8,626,020 SNPs were used for sequence based GWAS, in which ten significant genomic regions were detected to be associated with FCR. Ten candidate genes, ubiquitin specific peptidase 44, leukotriene A4 hydrolase, ETS transcription factor, R-spondin 2, inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3, sosondowah ankyrin repeat domain family member D, calmodulin regulated spectrin associated protein family member 2, zinc finger and BTB domain containing 41, potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 2, and member of RAS oncogene family were annotated. Several of them were within or near the reported FCR quantitative trait loci, and others were newly reported. Conclusion: Results from this study provide valuable prior information on chicken genomic breeding programs, and potentially improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism for feeding traits.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 2014

This study investigated the effect of hydrogen permeance and selectivity, catalyst amount, $H_2O/CO$ ratio in a feed stream, and Ar sweep gas on the performance of a water gas shift reaction in a membrane reactor. It was observed that a minimum hydrogen selectivity of 100 was needed in a membrane reactor to obtain a hydrogen yield higher than the one at equilibrium and the hydrogen yield enhancement gradually decreased as the hydrogen permeance increased. The CO conversion in a membrane reactor initially increased with the catalyst amount and reached a plateau later for a membrane reactor with a low hydrogen permeance while the high CO conversion independent of a catalyst amount was observed for a membrane reactor with a high hydrogen permeance. For the $H_2O/CO$ ratio in a feed stream higher than 1.5, a hydrogen permeance had little effect on the CO conversion in a membrane reactor and it was found that a minimum Ar molar flow rate of $6.7{\times}10^{-6}mol\;s^{-1}$ was needed to achieve the CO conversion higher than the one at equilibrium in a membrane reactor.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2023

To investigate the effects of Mg addition at different aging times and temperatures, Cu/MgO/Al₂O₃ catalysts were synthesized for the low-temperature water gas shift (LT-WGS) reaction. The co-precipitation method was employed to prepare the catalysts with a fixed Cu amount of 30 mol% and varied amounts of Mg/Al. Synthesized catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET, and H₂-TPR analysis. Among the prepared catalysts, the highest CO conversion was achieved by the Cu/MgO/Al₂O₃ catalyst (30/40/30 mol%) with a 60 ℃ aging temperature and a 24 h aging time under a CO₂-rich feed gas. Due to it having the lowest reduction temperature and a good dispersion of CuO, the catalyst exhibited around 65% CO conversion with a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 14,089 h-1 at 300 ℃. However, it has been noted that aging temperatures greater or less than 60 ℃ and aging times longer than 24 h had an adverse impact, resulting in a lower surface area and a higher reduction temperature bulk-CuO phase, leading to lower catalytic activity. The main findings of this study confirmed that one of the main factors determining catalytic activity is the ease of reducibility in the absence of bulk-like CuO species. Finally, the long-term test revealed that the catalytic activity and stability remained constant under a high concentration of CO₂ in the feed gas for 19 h with an average CO conversion of 61.83%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.252-256
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• 2007

This study was carried out to determine the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C on the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under heat stress during the growth and egg production period. A total of 810 seven-day-old Japanese quails were used in the trial. The birds received a diet with either three levels of vitamin E (DL-${\alpha}$Tocopheryl acetate) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet) and vitamin C (ROVIMIX STAY-C 35) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet). Live weight on day 35 and weight gain were the lowest in the group of chicks on a combination of 60 mg of vitamin E and 60 mg of vitamin C, whereas the highest live weight was demonstrated in chicks on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C (p<0.01). The effects of treatments on cumulative feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found to be significant (p<0.01). The highest feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found in the group on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C. The effect of treatments on the mortality ratio was found to be insignificant (p>0.01). The cost of supplementing diets with vitamin E and vitamin C is very low. Therefore such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing heat stress related losses in performance of Japanese quails.