• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2017

In Korea, chemical analysis of animal feed is done through authorized feed analysis laboratories (AFALs). Analysis results among the AFALs need to be similar or within acceptable variations; however, there is no experimental evidence of their comparability. We aimed to determine the level of variation of feed chemical analysis results from different AFALs. For this, we requested analysis of four kinds of feed (corn, soybean meal, corn gluten feed, and ryegrass) to eight AFALs and the Cumberland Valley Analytical Services (CVAS) which is an internationally well-recognized feed analysis laboratory. The AFALs spent more time on analysis than did CVAS. Fiber analysis results varied significantly among laboratories. However, moisture, CP, and ash content values showed almost no variation. At least one AFAL obtained results with significant differences from CVAS for all tested values. These differences can be explained by the followings: 1) the standard methods for feed analysis (SMFA) established for AFALs are not detailed enough to control the analytical variations among different laboratories and 2) guidelines are insufficient for the quality control of analysis results in Korea. Failure to accurately identify the nutritional components of the feed could mean failure to provide adequate nutrients to the animals. Therefore, efforts to reduce the differences among AFALs, such as revising SMFA and publishing guidelines on quality control of feed analysis results, are important.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1546-1557
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• 2023

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of extruded and unextruded feeding on the performance, milk composition, digestibility and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows through a meta-analysis. Methods: The database was compiled from 53 studies in Scopus and PubMed. The data were analyzed using a random effects model in OpenMEE software. Extruded feed was grouped as the experiment group while and the others as control group. The bias of publication in the main parameter of dairy performance was evaluated by a funnel plot. Results: The result showed that extruded feed enhanced the milk yield, dry matter and crude protein digestibility, butyrate and valerate acid production (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the extruded feed significantly decreased the milk fat and protein concentration (p<0.05). Also, the iso-butyrate and iso-valerate in unextruded feeding was significantly higher than the extruded feed (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded from the meta-analysis that extruded feed effectively improved the milk production and milk lactose concentration, dry matter and protein digestibility, but not the milk fat and protein concentration.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1039-1047
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal time of transportation of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers. Methods: Eighty healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (21-day-old, 624.4 g, male, standard error = 6.65) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (floor-feed and scatter-feed), then fed for three weeks. The experiment comprised a 2×4 factorial design with 2 feed patterns (floor-feed and scatter-feed) and 4 transport periods (2, 3, 4, and 5 h), and 4 replicates of 5 broilers (54-day-old, 2243 g, standard error = 46.65) was used to compare weight loss, meat quality and behavior index of different groups. Results: It appeared that drip loss, meat color and resting behavior of experimental broilers changed as length of transportation (p<0.05), however, weight loss and pH were not significantly transformed (p>0.05). Compared with floor-feed group, broilers in scatter-feed group had lower pH at 24 hours (3 h) and different behavioral indicators (p<0.05). Especially indicators after 3 h transportation, there were obvious differences between the two feeding modes in the behavior reaction of stress events before slaughter with different transport duration (p<0.05). The fluctuation of data on resting behavior with scatter-feed was significantly higher than that of floor-feed broilers. There was no interaction between transport time and different feeding methods for index tested of our experiment (p>0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive analysis showed that the maximum transport duration of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers should not exceed 3 h, and scatter-feed broilers were more likely prone to fear.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.573-586
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• 2011

Along with the recent changes in animal feed supply circumstances, many enzyme and probiotic feed supplements have been introduced and applied to pigs and chicken diets. Therefore, both selection of the appropriate feed supplements and their proper supplementation becomes critical to justify the supplementation. Meta-analysis was proposed as an appropriate tool to assess the large amount of relevant information. In this review, reliable data from recent publications was compounded then analyzed to determine the best practice of effective enzyme supplementation from the perspectives of animal species, age, characteristics of feed, target substrates, optimum multi enzymes combination and intended objectives. The results of the analysis suggested pratical methods of probiotic supplementation regarding intestinal microbiota, physiological limitation of probiotics, maximization of the probiotic benefit and synergism with prebiotic supplements.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.32-41
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• 1991

This paper is to analyze the surface roughness in wet and dry surface grinding in which working conditions are table feed, cross feed and down feed. FFT analyzer is used to identify the surface roughness and the data of surface roughness are stored and displayed using an interfaced computer. In results, components affecting surface roughness exist within 200Hz with respect the conditions and methods of grinding operation. Also, with increase of table feed, cross feed and down feed, the value of surface roughness increases. Of them, cross feed has first influence on surface roughness. In dry, preciser surface can be obtained than one in wet.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2023

Objective: Better feed efficiency can be achieved by selecting rabbit genotypes with lower residual feed intake (RFI) under high ambient temperatures. Methods: Two genotypes of rabbits (Jabali, Saudi local breed and imported, Spanish V-line) were used to derive RFI and to investigate the relationship between RFI and productive traits. In total, 250 animals (125 each) were housed in individual wire mesh cages in a semi-closed rabbitry. Growth performance, feed criteria, carcass evaluation, biochemical blood analysis, and immune responses were determined. Results: Superiority in growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, and cellular immunity was recorded in the Jabali breed compared to the V-line genotype. According to regression analysis, a significant effect of daily body weight gain was found, upon computing the expected feed intake in both genotypes. Moreover, mid-body weight^0.75 had a significant effect only in the Jabali breed. Positive correlation coefficients between RFI and dry matter feed intake or feed conversion ratio were found. The same trend in this relationship between RFI and productive traits was observed in some cases for both genotypes. An opposite trend in correlations was observed in the studied genotypes for some traits. Conclusion: The results suggest that the relationship between RFI and productive traits must be taken into consideration in rabbit breeding programs under the prevailing environment. However, further studies are required to investigate the effect of rabbit genotype and environmental factors on computing RFI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.11
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• pp.52-59
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• 1996

This paper presents a monopulse feed structure with low sidelobe monopulse pattern, which consists of a E-plane corrugated horn and a unfiorm pick-up aperture power divider. Tfhe design methods and epxerimental resutls of the E-plane corrugated feeder are described. Modified hybrid mode analysis and GSM (generalized scattering matrix) methods are introduced to design the E-plane corrugated feed horns. The 24-port corrugated feeder is designed using modified hybrid mode analysis initially and verified using GSM methods. Measurement results show that this feeder has low return loss and sidelobe level at sum and difference channel, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2017

Purpose: In this study, we attempted to analyze, by using a high-speed camera, the cutting shape as a function of cutting speed and feed rate. We compared the differences in cutting shape between domestic and foreign combines. Methods: Experiments were performed using plastic straws, and the results of two combine cutting blades, one from the Daedong Industry and one from Kuboda, were compared. The quality and performances of cutting were measured at three cutting positions: center and 68 cm to the left and right of the center. The feed rates were 0.6 m/s, 1.1 m/s, 1.6 m/s, and the cutting speeds were 600 RPM, 990 RPM, 1,380 RPM. For each speed, the cutting shape was measured three times, and the entire procedure was also repeated three times. Results: In the experiments, the domestic cutting blade achieved better results than the Japanese cutting blade. These results were obtained by studying the combination of feed rate and cutting speed, with the domestic combine attaining approximately 80% performance of the Japanese combine. We believe that additional data analysis is required, obtained from field experiments. Conclusions: The domestic cutting knives achieved better results than the Japanese cutting knives. These results are estimated from experiments conducted with different feed rates and cutting speeds; an in-depth analysis will require experiments in the real field with actual combines and a combination of multiple variables. Repeating the investigation on the length differences, broken and cut angle with various combinations of feed rate and cutting speed, will surely help to find the optimal cutting speed.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.879-890
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the use of Megasphaera elsdenii (M. elsdenii) as a probiotic on rumen fermentation, production performance, carcass traits and health of ruminants by integrating data from various related studies using meta-analysis. Methods: A total of 32 studies (consisted of 136 data points) were obtained and integrated into a database. The parameters integrated were fermentation products, rumen microbes, production performance, carcass quality, animal health, blood and urine metabolites. Statistical analysis of the compiled database used a mixed model methodology. Different studies were considered random effects, while M. elsdenii supplementation doses were considered fixed effects. p-values and the Akaike information criterion were employed as model statistics. The model was deemed significant at p<0.05 or had a tendency to be significant when p-value between 0.05<p<0.10. Results: Supplementation with M. elsdenii increased (p<0.05) some proportion of fermented rumen products such as propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate, and significantly reduced (p<0.05) lactic acid concentration, acetate proportion, total bacterial population and methane emission. Furthermore, the probiotic supplementation enhanced (p<0.05) livestock production performance, especially in the average daily gain and body condition score. Regarding the carcass quality, hot carcass weight and carcass gain were elevated (p< 0.05) due to the M. elsdenii supplementation. Animal health also showed improvement as indicated by the lower (p<0.05) diarrhoea and bloat incidences as well as the liver abscess. However, M. elsdenii supplementation had negligible effects on blood and urine metabolites of ruminants. Conclusion: Supplementation of M. elsdenii is capable of decreasing ruminal lactic acid concentration, enhancing rumen health, elevating some favourable rumen fermentation products, and in turn, increasing production performance of ruminants.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.306-311
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• 2021

Objective: The objectives were to develop prediction equations for digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of feed ingredients and diets for pigs based on chemical composition and to evaluate the accuracy of the equations using in vivo data. Methods: A total of 734 data points from 81 experiments were employed to develop prediction equations for DE and ME in feed ingredients and diets. The CORR procedure of SAS was used to determine correlation coefficients between chemical components and energy concentrations and the REG procedure was used to generate prediction equations. Developed equations were tested for the accuracy according to the regression analysis using in vivo data. Results: The DE and ME in feed ingredients and diets were most negatively correlated with acid detergent fiber or neutral detergent fiber (NDF; r = -0.46 to r = -0.67; p<0.05). Three prediction equations for feed ingredients reflected in vivo data well as follows: DE = 728+0.76×gross energy (GE)-25.18×NDF (R2 = 0.64); ME = 965+0.66×GE-24.62×NDF (R2 = 0.60); ME = 1,133+0.65×GE-29.05×ash-23.17×NDF (R2 = 0.67). Conclusion: In conclusion, the equations suggested in the current study would predict energy concentration in feed ingredients and diets.