• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.831-838
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• 1996

STZ 유발 당뇨쥐에 날메밀, 볶은메밀, 찐메밀을 식이의 50%가 되도록 각각 혼합한 메밀식 이를 급여하여 2주간 사육시킨 후 변의 단백질 함량, 췌장무게, 췌장의 $\alpha-amylase,$ chymotrypsin, lipase환성 및 변의 $\alpha-amylase,$ chymotrypsin, trypsin 활성을 각각 측정하였다. 변중 단백질 함량은 당뇨대조군에 비하여 당뇨날메밀군, 당뇨볶은메밀군, 당뇨찐메밀군에서 각각 99%, 91%, 103% 유의적으로 증가하였으며 , 췌장 무게는 당뇨대조군과 비교하여 당뇨날메밀군에서 24% 유의적으로 증가하였다. 췌장의 $\alpha-amylase$ 및 lipase 환성은 당뇨대조군과 당뇨메밀군들 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 chymotrypsin 활성은 당뇨찐메밀군에서 45% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 변의 $\alpha-amylase활성은$ 당뇨대조군과 당뇨메밀군들 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, chymotrypsin 활성은 모든 당뇨메밀군들에서, trypsin 활성은 당뇨볶은메밀군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.407-415
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• 1994

Present experiments were undertaken in order to find out the most available diagnostic method for acute pancreatitis. Experimental dogs were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental dogs were laparotomized and their pancreatic ducts were ligated for the induction of pancreatitis. The control dogs were laparotomized only for comparison. In addition to the complete blood count, serum amylase and lipase activities, serum glucose, total protein and albumin contents were measured daily for 11 days after the operation. Fecal fat droplet count by Sudan III staining and fecal trypsin activity examination by x-ray film digetion test were also undertaken daily. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Serum amylase activities of the experimental group increased to peak on the third day and returned to the preoperative values on the eighth day. 2. Serum lipase activities of the experimental group increased to peak on the first day and returned to the preopertive values within six to eight days. 3. Serum glucose contents of the experimental group showed significant increse only on the first day. 4. Serum albumin contents of the experimental group decreased significantly during the experimental period. Whereas those of the control group significantly decreased only on the first day. 5. The experimental group showed marked leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia for the first 5 or 8 days. Whereas the control group showed only neutrophilia for the first 3 days. 6. The results of fecal fat droplet count showed some diagnostic value on the third and fourth day in only one experimental dog(No 1). No significant changes in the fecal trypsin activity were noticed in all dogs. 7. Histopathologically. all dogs of experimental group showed changes of pancreatitis. However the degree of the pancreatic lesion was not pararell to the degree of the serum amylase or lipase activity changes.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1998

Various peptides derived from food are among the most potent physiologically active agents known, and include anticancer peptides, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor exhibiting antihypertension action, opioid peptides, antithrombotic peptides, hypocholesterolemic peptides, immunomodulators, calcium absorption enhancers, and other peptides. Hydrophobic peptides extracted from a Cheddar-type cheese slurry were fractionated by gel chromatography and repeated HPLC. A peptide fraction from HPLC showed high cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines such as a human colon carcinoma, and comprised of Tyr, Ser, Leu, Gly, and others. Hypocholesterolemic peptides were isolated from peptic hydrolyzates of casein and soy proteins. Macropeptides of 1,000${\sim}$5,000 dalton were effective on reducing the cholesterol level of mouse serum. Peptides showing high Krigbaum hydrophobicity and ANS surface hydrophobicity resulted in high hypocholesterolemic effect and fecal steroid concentrations. Caseinomacropeptides(CMP) were isolated from whey powder and treated with soluble and immobilized trypsin to obtain antithrombotic peptides. One fraction from the CMP hydrolyzed with immobilized trypsin for 24h exhibited high antithrombotic activity with 52.5% inhibition of platelet aggregation. These result suggested that peptides from various milk products could be utilized as a good bioactive agents for developing health functional foods.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 1998년도 제46회 춘계 유가공 심포지움 - 우유 및 유제품의 기능성
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• pp.22-29
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• 1998

Various peptides derived from food are among the most potent physiologically active agents known, and include anticancer peptides, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor exhibiting antihypertension action, opioid peptides, antithrombotic peptides, hypocholesterolemic peptides, immunomodulators, calcium absorption enhancers, and other peptides. Hydrophobic peptides extracted from a Cheddar-type cheese slurry were fractionated by gel chromatography and repeated HPLC. A peptide fraction from HPLC showed high cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines such as a human colon carcinoma, and comprised of Tyr, Ser, Leu, Gly, and others. Hypocholesterolemic peptides were isolated from peptic hydrolyzates of casein and soy proteins. Macropeptides of 1,000${\sim}$5,000 dalton were effective on reducing the cholesterol level of mouse serum. Peptides showing high Krigbaum hydrophobicity and ANS surface hydrophobicity resulted in high hypocholesterolemic effect and fecal steroid concentrations. Caseinomacropeptides (CMP) were isolated from whey powder and treated with soluble and immobilized trypsin to obtain antithrombotic peptides. One fraction from the CMP hydrolyzed with immobilized trypsin for 24h exhibited high antithrombotic activity with 52.5% inhibition of platelet aggregation. These results suggested that peptides from various milk products could be utilized as a good bioactive agents for developing health functional foods.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.240-242
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• 2018

A 1-year-old, female Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) presented signs of weight loss and dark browncolored diarrhea. On fecal examination, numerous intact and broken red blood cells were found, but both parasites and inflammatory signs were absent. No significant findings were seen in serum biochemistry profiles, including electrolytes, with negative feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI). Diagnostic kits using feces or peripheral blood were negative for feline parvovirus, feline coronavirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline leukemia virus. Based on the result of feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) concentration ($4.6{\mu}g/L$), the tiger was provisionally diagnosed to have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). After this diagnosis, pancreatic enzymes were prescribed. The feces of the tiger returned to normal form and her weight was increasing. EPI is uncommon and not described extensively in Felidae, including domestic cats. Feline EPI is associated with a variety of non-specific signs and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases presenting with weight loss, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal signs. In this case, the patient was strongly suspected to have EPI based on the very low fTLI concentration, though the concentration of fTLI in tigers has not yet been determined. This is the first report to present a suspected EPI case in Bengal tigers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1660-1669
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium) and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum profiles, intestinal health, fecal microbiota and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs. Methods: A total of 240 weanling pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of $6.3{\pm}0.15kg$ were used in this 28-day trial. Pigs were randomly allocated in 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with 2 levels of probiotics (0 and 500 mg/kg probiotics) and XOS (0 and 200 mg/kg XOS) based on the BW and sex. Results: Administration of probiotics or XOS improved average daily gain (p<0.05) during 0 to 14 d and the overall period, while pigs that were treated with XOS had a greater average daily gain and feed efficiency (p<0.05) compared with unsupplemented treatments throughout 15 to 28 d and the whole experiment. Either probiotics or XOS treatments increased the apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients (p<0.05) during 0 to 14 d. No effects on serum profiles were observed among treatments. The XOS increased villus height: crypt depth ratio in jejunum (p<0.05). The supplementation of probiotics (500 mg/kg) or XOS (200 mg/kg) alone improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy on d 14, the activity of trypsin and decreased fecal NH3 concentration (p<0.05). Administration of XOS decreased fecal Escherichia coli counts (p<0.05), while increased lactobacilli (p<0.05) on d 14. There was no interaction between dietary supplementation of probiotics and XOS. Conclusion: Inclusion of XOS at 200 mg/kg or probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium) at 500 mg/kg in diets containing no antibiotics significantly improved the growth performance of weanling pigs. Once XOS is supplemented, further providing of probiotics is not needed since it exerts little additional effects.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.29.1-29.6
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• 2014

This study compared the effects of varying lipid content and dietary concentration of a lipid-encapsulated (LE) ZnO product to those of native ZnO and thereby to find insights into optimal lipid coating and dosage of the Zn supplement. A total of 192 21-d-old weanling pigs were allotted to 48 pens, after which each six pens received a ZnO-free basal diet supplemented with 125 ppm ZnO (100 ppm Zn; BASAL), 2,500 ppm Zn as native ZnO (HIGH), or 100 or 200 ppm Zn as LE ZnO (LE-100 or LE-250) containing 8%, 10%, or 12% lipid [LE-8%, LE-10%, or LE-12%, respectively; $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement within the LE-ZnO diets (LE-ALL)] for 14 d. Forty pigs were killed at the end for histological and biochemical examinations. None of ADG, ADFI, gain:feed, and fecal consistency score differed between the LE-ALL and either of the BASAL and HIGH groups. Hepatic and serum Zn concentrations were greater (p <0.05) in the HIGH vs. LE-ALL group, but did not differ between LE-ALL and BASAL, between LE-100 and -250, or among LE-8%, -10%, and -12% groups. Villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and the VH:CD ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum did not differ between the LE-ALL and either of the BASAL and HIGH groups, except for a greater CD in the duodenum in the LE-ALL vs. HIGH group. Additionally, VH and CD in the duodenum and VH:CD in the jejunum were greater in the LE-250 vs. LE-100 group. Specific activities of sucrase, maltase, and leucine aminopeptidase in these intestinal regions and those of amylase and trypsin in the pancreas were not influenced by the lipid content or dietary concentration of LE ZnO and also did not differ between the LE-ALL and either of the BASAL and HIGH groups, except for a greater pancreatic amylase activity in the former vs. HIGH group. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the LE ZnO, regardless of its lipid percentage or supplementation level examined in this study, has no significant effect on growth performance, fecal consistency, or digestive enzyme activities of weanling pigs under the experimental conditions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.293-296
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• 2012

M$\acute{e}$n$\acute{e}$trier's disease is a rare form of acquired gastropathy characterized by giant rugal folds in the stomach and protein-losing gastropathy. Children with M$\acute{e}$n$\acute{e}$trier's disease tend to follow a benign self-limited course with symptoms typically completely resolving within 2 to 10 weeks in contrast to the chronic course in adults. A 9-year-old girl presented with a history of gradually worsening abdominal distension, increasing body weight, and abdominal pain for 2 weeks. Physical examination on admission indicated periorbital swelling, pitting edema in both the legs, and abdominal distension with mild diffuse tenderness and shifting dullness. Laboratory tests on admission showed hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, and peripheral eosinophilia. The test result for anti-cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin M was negative. Increased fecal alpha 1 anti-trypsin excretion was observed. Radiological findings showed massive ascites and pleural effusion in both the lungs. On gastroscopy, large gastric folds, erythema, erosion, and exudation were noted in the body and fundus of the stomach. Microscopic findings showed infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils in the gastric mucosa. Her symptoms improved with conservative treatment from day 7 of hospitalization and resolved completely.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 casein 펩타이드 분획물이 정상 및 고지방식을 섭취한 흰쥐에서의 혈청 및 조직의 지질 농도에 미치는 섭취효과를 검토하고자 하였다. 정상 지방식이 (7% soybean oil & cholesterol-free; Expt I)를 섭취한 흰쥐는 정상 혈청 지질농도를 나타내는 것으로, 분배설량이 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타내긴 하였지만 이때 casein 펩타이드 분획물군의 혈청,간조직의 지질농도에 대한 효과는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 하지만, 순환기계질환의 주요 인자인 HDL/LDL비는 친.소수성 펩타이드에서 유의적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 고지방 콜레스테롤식이 (18% beef tallow & 1% cholesterol; Expt II)를 급여하였을 경우, 친.소수성 펩타이드 분획물군에서 분중으로의 총지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 배설량이 유의 적 (p<0.05)으로 또는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이런 결과, 고지방식이를 급여했을 때 친.소수성펩타이드 분획물군이 casein군에 비해 혈중 및 간조직 중의 지질 농도가 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 HDL/LDL비도 casein군에 비해 친.소수성 펩타이드 분획물군에서 높게 관찰되는 것으로, 이는 고 혈증 위험요소를 저하시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 친.소수성 펩타이드 분획물(CL & CB)의 아미노산 조성 결과, 친.소수성 펩타이드 식이의 glycine과 methionine함량은 casein 식이의 조성과 거의 비슷한데, arginine과 lysine함량은 casein 식이의 조성과 상당히 달랐다. 또한 혈중 지질농도를 낮추는 것으로 보고되어지는 arginine/lysine 비와 glycine/methionine 비는 친.소수성 펩타이드 분획물 식이(CL & CB)에서 낮게 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 동물실험 결과와 같이 고찰해볼 때, 아미노산 조성이 혈중 및 조직 중의 지질저하 효과에 미치는 영향이 그다지 크지 않은 것으로 사료되었고, 앞으로 이에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요하였다. 친.소수성 casein 펩타이드 분획물의 지질 대사에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 보았을 때, 고지혈증 및 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐에서 혈중 및 간조직의 지질함량을 저하 시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 가능한 기전으로는 분중으로의 지질 배설량을 증가시킨 것에 기인한 것으로 해석되었으며, 섭취기간이 길어질수록 효과가 확실해질 것으로 기대되었다. 또한 casein 펩타이드 분획물의 아미노산 조성비의 차이라기보다는 펩타이드 자체의 효과임이 시사되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1598-1604
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• 2001

Eight $12.4{\pm}0.6kg$ initial body weight crossbred barrows were used to determine the effect of soybean galactooligosaccharides on nutrient and energy digestibility, and digesta transit time. Four dietary treatments were utilized in this trial. Treatment one was a corn-soybean meal based diet (SBM) containing raffinose and stachyose at the levels of 0.16% and 0.75%, respectively. Treatment two (control) was a corn-HP300 (soybean concentrate protein) diet. In treatments three and four, 1.1% and 2.2% commercial stachyose was added to the control diet to provide total dietary stachyose at the levels of 1% and 2%, respectively. The soybean galactooligosaccharides (raffinose + stachyose) level in treatment one was slightly lower compared to that in treatment three. Three collection periods were run with two pigs for each treatment/period. There was a 4 d adjustment period followed by a 3 d collection period. The results showed that the nitrogen retention (86.79%) of pigs fed treatment two diet was higher than that of pigs fed treatment one by 5.2% (p<0.05). The nitrogen retention of treatment three was intermediate 83.09%. The apparent fecal digestibility of all amino acids in treatment two was numerically highest, followed by treatments three and four. However, there were no significant difference among groups (p>0.05). The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fiber (CF) digestibility numerically decreased as the soybean galactooligosaccharides level increased, but were not significantly different (p>0.05). Chromium content in feces (from the inclusion of 0.3% chromic oxide in the diets) differed among treatments (p<0.05) at 15 h, 18 h, and 21 h after eating. This showed that the digesta transit time was differed significantly among treatments. Treatment four was the shortest, followed by treatment three, SBM and control. The results demonstrated that in the absence of antinutritional factors and soybean antigen protein, inclusion of 1% and 2% stachyose in corn-HP300 diet has no significant effect on the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF and amino acids. When the soybean galactooligosaccharide level in diet one and diet three were adjusted to be almost the same, antinutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor and soybean antigen protein could decrease the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention rate of diet. High levels of soybean galactooligosaccharides shortened the digesta transit time in the intestinal tract. This trial suggested that the total level of soybean galactooligosaccharides (stachyose+raffinose) in the weanling piglet diet is better not to exceed 1% when common soybean meal is used as main protein source.