• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2017

Objective: The hull attached to the barley kernel can be mechanically removed thus reducing the fiber content of the barley. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of partial dehulling on the nutrient digestibility as well as the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of barley in pigs. Methods: Two hulled barley samples (high fiber barley [HF] and low fiber barley [LF]) with either high or low fiber contents were obtained from the Hubei and Jiangsu Provinces of China. A portion of the two barleys was mechanically dehulled (dehulled high fiber barley [DHF] and dehulled low fiber barley [DLF]). Thirty barrows (initial $BW=31.5{\pm}3.2kg$) were assigned to one of five diets in a randomized complete block design. The five diets consisted of 96.9% corn, HF, LF, DHF, or DLF supplemented with 3.1% minerals and vitamins. Each diet was fed to six barrows housed in individual metabolism crates for a 10-d acclimation period followed by a 5-day total but separate collection of feces and urine. Results: The daily loss of gross energy (GE) in feces was lower (p<0.01) for pigs fed DHF than for those fed HF. The daily N intake and fecal N loss were lowest (p<0.01) for pigs fed the corn diet. The DE and ME as well as the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, GE, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of DHF or DLF were higher (p<0.01) than the values in HF and LF, respectively while the values except the ATTD of NDF and ADF in DLF were higher (p<0.01) than the values in DHF and were comparable to corn. Conclusion: The DE and ME contents as well as the ATTD of nutrients in both DHF and DLF barley were improved compared with the HF and LF barley. Moreover, the nutritive value of DLF barley was comparable to the yellow-dent corn used in the study.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1996

서울 및 전남 지역 주민의 작은와포자충(Cryptosporidium parvum) 감염 상황을 알아보기 위하여 1992년에 표본조사를 실시하였다. 한편, 높은 오시스트 양성률을 보인 전남 화순군 이양면에 대해서는 1995년에 재조사를 시행하였다. 구체적 대상 지역은 서울의 8개 동(동) 및 전라남도 도시지역 4개 동 및 농촌지역 7개 면으로 하였다. 총 3,146명을 무작위로 선정하여 분변을 채취하였고, 포르말린-에텔법으로 침전시킨 다음 침사로부터 도말표본을 1인 1매 제작하였다. 표본을 modified acid fast 법으로 염색한 후 작은와포자충의 오시스트 양성 여부를 조사하였다. 총 오시스트 양성률은 7.9%(248/3. 146)이었으나 서을 0.5%(4/853) 및 전라남도 10.6% (244/2.293)로서 지역별로 큰 차이를 보였다. 오시스트의 크기는 $4.8{\;}{\pm}{\;}0.5{\;}by{\;}4.2{\;}{\pm}{\;}0.5{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$로 C. parvum에 부합되었다. 전라남도의 경우 농촌 지역은 14.0%로 도시 지역의 3.7%보다 유의하게 양성률이 높았다. 특히 대표적인 농촌 지역의 하나인 화순군 이양면의 경우에는 40.0%(74/185)의 매우 높은 양성률을 나타내었다. 절체 조사 대상자에서 볼 때 51-70세 연령군 이 모든 연령군 중 가장 높은 양성률을 보였다. 화순군 이양면에 대한 제2차 조사(1995년)에서는 주민 125명 중 44(35.2%)명이. 소 15두 중 14두(93.3%)가 분변내 오시스트 양성이었다 이상의 결과로 전라남도 농촌 지역이 작은와포자충의 농후 유행지임을 알 수 있었고 중요한 감염원 (감염 방식)으로는 오염된 물이나 감염된 소와의 접촉일 것으로 추정되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2007

Intestinal helminths and schistosomiasis among school children were investigated in an urban and some rural communities of Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Fecal samples of 1,059 subjects (524 males, 535 females) aged 3-18 years were examined using direct smear and brine concentration methods between June 2005 and November 2006. The pooled prevalence of infection was 66.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides showed the highest prevalence (53.4%) (P < 0.001) followed by hookworms (17.8%), Trichuris trichiura (10.4%), Taenia sp. (9.6%), Schistosoma mansoni (2.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.7%), Schistosoma haematobium (0.6%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). The prevalences of A. lumbricoides, hookworms, Taenia sp., S. mansoni, and S. stercoralis in the urban centre were similar (P > 0.05) to those in the rural communities. The fertile and infertile egg ratios of A. lumbricoides in the urban centre and the rural communities were 13: 1 and 3.7: 1, respectively. Each helminth had similar prevalences among both genders (P > 0.05). The prevalence of A. lumbricoides increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). The commonest double infections were Ascaris and hookworms, while the commonest triple infections were Ascaris, hookworms, and Trichuris. The study demonstrates the need for urgent intervention programmes against intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis in the study area.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.661-666
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• 2014

In order to investigate the status of intestinal helminthic infections in Cambodia, epidemiological surveys were carried out on a national scale, including 19 provinces. A total of 32,201 fecal samples were collected from schoolchildren and adults between 2006 and 2011 and examined once by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminths was 26.2%. The prevalence of hookworms was the highest (9.6%), followed by that of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes (Ov/MIF) (5.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4.6%), and Trichuris trichiura (4.1%). Other types of parasites detected were Enterobius vermicularis (1.1%), Taenia spp. (0.4%), and Hymenolepis spp. (0.2%). The northwestern regions such as the Siem Reap, Oddar Meanchey, and Banteay Meanchey Provinces showed higher prevalences (17.4-22.3%) of hookworms than the other localities. The southwestern areas, including Koh Kong and Preah Sihanouk Provinces showed higher prevalences of A. lumbricoides (17.5-19.2%) and T. trichiura (6.1-21.0%). Meanwhile, the central and southern areas, in particular, Takeo and Kampong Cham Provinces, showed high prevalences of Ov/MIF (23.8-24.0%). The results indicate that a considerably high prevalence of intestinal helminths has been revealed in Cambodia, and thus sustained national parasite control projects are necessary to reduce morbidity due to parasitic infections in Cambodia.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.981-986
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• 1996

김치는 한국인의 대표적인 발효식품으로서 정장 작용이 있다고 여겨져 왔다. 그러나 이를 입증하는 객관적인 자료가 미비한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 김치의 섭취가 인체의 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 인체 실험대상자는 10명으로 실험기간중의 이들의 식이는 생균제, 항생제, 유산균 발효 제품을 제외한 자유식을 섭취하게 하였다. 실험 기간은 10주로 2주 간격으로 김치 비섭취 및 섭치 기간을 반복했으며 섭취 기간 중에는 매일 200 g의 김치를 섭취하게 하였다. 각 기간별로 분변의 장내 미생물 균총 분포도(Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Staphylococcus, Clostridium perfringens), 변의 pH, 수분 함량 및 $\beta-glucosidase$, $\beta-glucuronidase$ 등의 효소활성도를 조사하였다. 조사 결과 김치의 섭취 기간 중 김치에 존재하는 젖산균인 Lactobacillus와 Leuconostoc의 수가 장내에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05) 그 외 조사된 다른 균총수의 변화는 유의적이지 않았다. 장내 유해효소로 알려진 $\beta-glucosidase$와 $\beta-glucuronidase$의 수준은 김치 섭취시에 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 1991

한국산 마우스로부터 분리한 크링토스포리디움(Cryptosporidium)의 대형 오오시스트 (C. muris)를 SPF 마우스에 경구 투여하여 분변 내 오오시스트 배출 양상과 투과전자현미경으로 위선 조직에서 발견되는 여러 발육기의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 마우스에 있어서 prepatent period는 평균 5.6일, patent period 63.0±1.6일, 오오시스트 배출 정점기는 투여 후 36.6±2.8일째, 그리고 일반적으로 30일부터 50일까지 20일간에 걸쳐 다수의 오오시스트가 분변으로 배출되었다. 이 원충의 거의 모든 발육기의 크기는 C. Parwum보다 커서 오오시스트 1.4배, 스포로조이트 2.4배, 메로조이트 1.6배, 수생식체 1.5배이었다. 그리고, 숙주세포에 부착되어 있는 부위는 C. parwum의 것과 현저하게 다르므로 모든 발육기에서 바같쪽이 숙주의 두터운 사상돌기로 둘러싸여 있는 전단 돌출부를 볼 수 있었다. 또한, 한국산 마우스 유래 오오시스트가 strain RN 66의 것보다 다소 작았다. 이상의 결과를 기초로 하여 한국산 마우스 유래 크립토스포리디움을 C. maris라고 동정하였으며, Cryptesporidium tsuris(strain MCR)라고 명명하고자 한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 1991

지역의 여러 동물의 분변으로부터 집충한 크립토스포리디움(Cryptosporidium)의 신선한 오오시스트를 광학 및 위상차현미경으로 직접 검경하고, 그리고 Kinyoun 항산염색 표본과 오스윰산 증기고정 Giemsa 염색 표본을 만들어 관찰하고, 또한 감염 동물의 조직절편 및 주사시료에서 여러 발육기를 광학 또는 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 오오시스트를 동정한 다음, 여러 동물의 분변을 Sheather액으로 처리하여 Kinyoun 항산염색 표본을 만들어 한떤 검경하여 오오시스트의 검출률을 조사하였다. 성숙한 실험 마우스 250 케이지 중에서 74케이지 (29.6%), 성숙한 집쥐 195마리 중에서 26마리 (13.3%), 4주령의 닭 500수 중에서 75마리 (15.0%), 6∼8개월령의 돼지 500마리 중에서 98마리 (19.6%), 2∼5세의 젖소 500마리 중에서 111마리 (22.2%)로부터 오오시스트를 검출하였다. 감염 정도는 대부분이 극히 경감염이었으며, 반복 분변검사를 실시하면 검출률이 현저하게 높아지는 것으로 미루어보아 실제적인 감염률은 이보다 휠씬 높을 것으로 생각된다. 한편, 마우스, 집쥐, 돼지 젖소로부터 대형 및 소형, 닭으로부터 중형 오오시스트가 각각 검출되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.737-743
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• 2015

In order to examine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in wild rodents and insectivores of South Korea and to assess their potential role as a source of human cryptosporidiosis, a total of 199 wild rodents and insectivore specimens were collected from 10 regions of South Korea and screened for Cryptosporidium infection over a period of 2 years (2012-2013). A nested-PCR amplification of Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene fragment revealed an overall prevalence of 34.2% (68/199). The sequence analysis of 18S rRNA gene locus of Cryptosporidium was performed from the fecal and cecum samples that tested positive by COWP amplification PCR. As a result, we identified 4 species/genotypes; chipmunk genotype I, cervine genotype I, C. muris, and a new genotype which is closely related to the bear genotype. The new genotype isolated from 12 Apodemus agrarius and 2 Apodemus chejuensis was not previously identified as known species or genotype, and therefore, it is supposed to be a novel genotype. In addition, the host spectrum of Cryptosporidium was extended to A. agrarius and Crosidura lasiura, which had not been reported before. In this study, we found that the Korean wild rodents and insectivores were infected with various Cryptosporidium spp. with large intra-genotypic variationa, indicating that they may function as potential reservoirs transmitting zoonotic Cryptosporidium to livestock and humans.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 1997

The growth inhibition effect of Orally administrated yogurt ACE and Metchnikoffupon E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium inoculated into gastric lumen of rabbits was in vestigated. The rabbits challenged with each 1 $m\ell$ of suspension containing 108 CFU/$m\ell$ of the pathogens were divided into 4 groups by the interval of yogurt administration: A group; preadministrated 7 days before inoculation of the pathogens and fed daily; B group; administrated daily after inocjlation of the pathogens, C group; administrated every 3 days after inoculation of the pathogens; Control group, not fed after inoculation of the pathogens. Each 3 $m\ell$ of yogurt containing 109 CFU/$m\ell$ was orally administrated into rabbits. All yogurt administrated groups (A, B, c) chowed growth ingibition effect on E. coli O157:H7 in one day after inoculation of the pathogen by the level of 0.8~1.0 log CFU/g, compared with the result differences between the control group and the yogurt administrated groups. In the control group after 5 days of inoculation, the number of colonized pathogens was 105~106 CFU/g, whereas 103~104 CFU/g was detected in the yogurt administrated groups. After 10 days of inoculation, the viable pathogen number per gram (g) of the rabbit feces was 103 CFU/g in the control group, whereas the number below 101 CFU/g was detected in the group A, and 102 CFU/g in the control group, B and C. The growth inhibition effect of yogurt administration on E. coli O157:H7 was highly increased in the order of A, B, and C group. The same effect on S. typhimurium was observed at the level of 2 log CFU/g in the Metchnikoff yogurt administrated groups, compared with the control group result in one day after inoculation of the pathogen. In 7 days after inoculation of the pathogen, the viable number was increasingly decreased, and finally after 15 days no viable cell of S. typhimurium was discharged into the fecal samples in the group A, and the mean level of 10* CFU/g was detected in the group B, but there was no growth inhibition effect in the group C. The growth inhibition effect on S. typhimurium was observed at the same level of viable cell number between the yogurt ACE administrated groups and the control group in 5 days after inoculation. But, after 10 days of inoclation the viable cell number was started to decrease, and the viable cell of S. typhimurium was not discharged from rabbit intestinal contents after 15 days of inoculation in the yogurt ACE administrated groups. In such a case that yogurt was administrated in order to prevent the pathogens, pre-administration on a daily basis one week before inoculation of the pathogens exerted considerable effect in growth inhibition. In comparison with two kinds of yogurt tested in this study, the growth inhibition effect on two kinds of pathogens was observed more highly in the Metchnikoff administated group than the ACE administrated group.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.289-291
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• 2008

The Tamjin River which flows from Jangheung-gun via Gangjin-gun to the South Sea was reported to be a highly endemic area of Metagonimus yokogawai infection in 1977 and 1985. However, there were no recent studies demonstrating how much change occurred in the endemicity, in terms of prevalence and worm burden, of metagonimiasis in this river basin. Thus, a small-scale epidemiological survey was carried out on some residents along the Tamjin River basin in order to determine the current status of M. yokogawai infection. A total of 48 fecal samples were collected and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. The egg positive rate of all helminths was 50.0%, and that of M. yokogawai was 37.5%, followed by C. sinensis 22.9% and G. seoi 4.2%. To obtain the adult flukes of M. yokogawai, 6 egg positive cases were treated with praziquantel 10 mg/kg in a single dose and purged with magnesium sulfate. A total of 5,225 adult flukes (average 871 specimens per person) of M. yokogawai were collected from their diarrheic stools. Compared with the data reported in 1977 and 1985, the individual worm burdens appeared to have decreased remarkably, although the prevalence did not decrease at all. It is suggested that the endemicity of M. yokogawai infection along the Tamjin River has been reduced. To confirm this suggestion, the status of infection in snail and fish intermediate hosts should be investigated.