• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1199-1206
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• 2004

This study was examined the effects of Daesenggi-Tang on intestinal mucosa and gastrointestinal transit time and plasma lipids in rats. Adult male rats were fed four weeks on diets containing no addition(basal diet group), 5% cellulose(cellulose group) and Daesenggi-Tang group(Daesenggi-Tang group). The results were as follows; 1. The gastrointestinal transit times was significantly decreased in Daesenggi-Tang administered group compare to basal diet and cellulose groups. Carmine red mixed with Daesenggi-Tang, as a marker, was administered through a gastric tube for stomach or intracecally by a chronically implanted catheter for colon transit. Small intestinal transit and large intestinal transit time were significantly decreased in Daesenggi-Tang administered group compare to basal diet. 3. The height of jejunal villi was developed in Daesenggi-Tang administered group compare to basal diet. The thickness of mucosa and muscle layer of colonic mucosa were significantly developed in Daesenggi-Tang administered group compare to basal diet group. 4. The numerical change of goblet cell in colonic mucosa was increased acid mucin stained alcian blue in Daesenggi-Tang administered group compare to basal diet and cellulose group. 6. HDL-cholesterol of plasma lipid was increased in Daesenggi-Tang administered group compare to basal diet and cellulose groups. Theses results suggests that Daesenggi-Tang may be used in prevention and treatment of constipation resulting in increase of fecal weight, decrease of gastrointestinal transit time, development of intestinal villi, intensify of stainability of acid mucin in colon.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.387-392
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented spent mushroom substrate (FSMS) on growth performance, blood profile, intestinal microflora and ammonia gas production of feces in broiler chickens. A total of three hundred sixty, 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 20 birds each. The treatments were control (free FSMS), 15% FSMS (basal diet with 15% FSMS) and 30% FSMS (basal diet with 30% FSMS). The final body weight and body weight gains were slightly improved in 30% FSMS than control (P<0.05). Feed intake and feed conversion were significantly improved as compared to those of the control groups. The Leukocytes of blood serum in FSMS groups were significantly decreased as compared to those of control groups. There are no significant differences among the groups in the contents of albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TCHO), glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in blood serum. The content of total glucose (TG) in 30% FSMS containing dietary groups was significantly decreased as compared to that of the control groups. The content of HDLC in 30% FSMS containing dietary groups was significantly increased as compared to that of the control group. The number of lactobacillus in the intestinal microflora were significantly increased in chicks fed FSMS groups. The ammonia gas production in FSMS groups was siginificantly decreased as compard to that the control groups. These results indicated that dietary FSMS exerted growth performance for feeding broiler.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1991

1) 체중증가량, 식이섭취량은 모든 군에서 차이가 거의 없었다. 2) 혈압은 대조군에 비해 건조사과군, 건조당근군, 건조미역군, 건조파래군 모두에게서 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 3) Na balance는 건조당근군, 건조파래군, 건조미역군에서 negative value를 나타내었으며 유의적 이었다. 4) 소변중의 Na배설은 대변중의 Na배설에 변화없이 미역, 파래, 당근을 섭취시킨 군이 다른 군에 비해 보다 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 5) Pectin첨가군 및 algin첨가군은 대조군에 비교하여 혈청내 total cholesterol은 감소시키는 경향을 보였으나 triglyceride는 유의적 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1975

This study was designed to compare the metabolic effects of varicous types of Korean diet. 40 males and same number of females of Albino rats, divided into eight groups, 5 rats each. 1 Group; Sugar casein standard Group 2 Group; Rice casein standard Group 3 Group; Rice group 4 Group; 65% Rice +35% Anchovy 5 Group; 65% Rice +35% Chinese cabbage 6 Group; 65% Rice+10% Anchovy +25% Chinese cabbage 7 Group; 65%. Rice+26% Chinese cabbage+3.5% Anchovy+4% Bean+1% Potatoes+0.2% Sea Weeds+0.3% Seasonings 8 Group; 47% Rice+24% Chinese cabbage+20.5% Anchovy+5% Bean+1% Potatoes+1.8% Sea Weeds+0.7% Seasonings The rats were kept in individual cage and given 8 different diet for 10 weeks. The result of this study were elucidated as fallow. Food intake of sugar casein standard group and rice casein standard group and Seoul diet pattern group were high, Rice diet group showed low food intake. F.E.R, P.E.R, body weight, organ weight were the similar results. The nitrogen content in various organs were no great difference, but nitrogen metabolism and total nitrogen retention were significant differences. The lipid content in the liver showed no significant differences, but fecal lipid and serum cholesterol showed significant differences. This study showed the glucose content in urine and feces were due to the dietary carbohydrate content. In other word, the results of this study showed no significant differences between sugar casein standard group and rice casein standard group, but significiant differences between standard group and experimental group.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.194-203
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• 2005

This study was peformed to investigate effect of feeding experimental mixture containing chitosan, hibiscus extract and L-carnitine on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Forty-eight male rats(Charles River CD) of eight weeks old and weighing $336.5{\pm}2.3g$ were raised for five weeks with high fat diet(40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats weighing $560.4{\pm}5.6g$ were blocked into four groups according to body weight and raised for eight weeks with diet containing either 0.09%(+1D group), 0.9%(+10D group) or 4.5%(+50D group) of experimental mixture. Aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT), total protein and albumin were normal levels in plasma. Body weight gain and epididymal fat pad weight were lower in experimental mixture groups than control group However, weights of perirenal fat pad and brown adipose tissue were not significantly different among all groups. There was no significant difference in plasma and hepatic lipid levels among all groups. Liver citrate lyase and camitine acyltransferase activities were not significantly different among all groups, however, citrate lyase activity was tended to be decreased with increasing experimental mixture level in diet. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol excretions were highest in +50D group, and triglyceride excretion was highest in +1D group. in conclusion, intake of experimental mixture containing chitosan, hibiscus extract and L-camitine was effective in reducing body weight and body fat, and its inhibitory effects might lead to obesity improvement.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2012

To investigate the influence of multi-probiotic, fermented ginseng byproduct and fermented sulfone on the performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of broiler, a five weeks trial was conducted with 340, 1-d-old $Ross{\times}Ross$ broiler. All broilers were divided into five different groups having 68 birds in each treatment, and they were assigned as control, antibiotic avilamycin (AB), multi-probiotic (MP), fermented sulfone (FS) and fermented ginseng byproduct (FGB). Each artificial or naturally derived probiotic was inoculated 0.1% level with the basal diet, and all diets were provided to birds for five weeks. Weight gain and feed intake were measured weekly basis, and blood, spleen and feces were collectedand used for the physiological properties of broiler chickens. All performances and cholesterol profiles were not significantly differed but numerically lower level of neutral fat and LDL was found in multi-probiotics and FGB treatments respectively. The salmonella spp and E. coli numbers in the ileum were high in control in relation to those of other treatments and were significantly decreased in antibiotics treatments (p<0.05). In addition, Lactobacillus spp. showed significantly higher proliferation in MP as compared to that of others (p<0.05). Fecal ammonia and $CO_2$ gas emission was significantly decreased in MP, FGB and FS, respectively (p<0.05), but significantly increased proliferation of spleen was determined in MP group in comparison of other treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, the results indicates that multi-probiotics would be valuable feed additives to improve the salmonella, E. coli and Lactobacillus proliferation, and manure gas emission of broiler chickens, but further study related to the production of manure gas emission of MP is necessary.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Objectives : In this study, the inhibitory activities of Korean Medicine against pancreatic lipase in vitro and biochemical analyses in vivo were measured to determine its possibility as a well-matched sauce material with chicken. Methods : The inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase enzyme of 11 samples were evaluated in vitro and then 5 samples were selected. The activity of pancreatic lipase was investigated using orlistat as a positive control. Animals were divided into eight groups (n=7). The experimental groups except for normal group were fed 60% high-fat diet for 7 days. 5 samples were orally administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight and orlistat were orally administrated at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. Biochemical anaylses of 5 samples were executed based on lipid parameters analysis. Results : Korean Medicines with an $IC_{50}$ of below 1 mg/kg were Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Theae Folium Coptidis Radix, and Mori Cortex Radicis. Body weight change of Mori Cortex Radicis reduced significantly, however fecal triglyceride couldn't regulate effectively. The most excellent inhibitory effect of pancreatic lipase showed in Scutellariae Radix treatment and also regulated significantly serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. Moreover, the supplementation of Coptidis Radix excreted meaningfully triglyceride to fece. Conclusions : In conclusion, Coptidis Radix may exert anti-obesity effect by directly inhibiting pancreatic lipase, which would prevent the absorption of lipid from the small intestine. Besides, Mori Cortex Radicis may led to the decrease of the body weight via the different pathway.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.434-443
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• 2022

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the impact of boron supplementation on nutrient digestibility, inflammatory responses, blood metabolites and diarrhea index, and their relevance to growth performance in weaned pigs housed in good and poor sanitary environments for 14 days after weaning. Methods: A total of 108 male pigs (Duroc×[Yorkshire×Landrace]) weaned at 21 days of age were used in a randomized complete block design with 2×3 factorial arrangement. Pigs were assigned to three boron treatments (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg) under two environments (good and poor sanitary) to give six replicates per treatment (3 pigs per replicate). On 0, 7, and 14 days, one pig per replicate was euthanized to collect, ileum tissue samples, and rectal fecal samples. Results: Boron supplementation quadratically influenced (p<0.001) feed intake and weight gain in pigs housed in good sanitary conditions from 1 to 14 days post-weaning where pigs offered 5 mg/kg boron optimized weight gain and feed intake. There is a quadratic interaction (p = 0.019) on feed intake for 1 to 14 days post-weaning where 5 mg/kg boron increased feed intake in good sanitary conditions. Pigs housed in the poor sanitary environment decreased (p<0.001) villus height and crypt depth in ileum at days 7 and 14. On day 7 and 14, crude protein digestibility was quadratically influenced (p<0.05) by boron supplementation. Boron supplementation linearly increased (p<0.05) plasma calcium and cholesterol levels whilst linearly (p = 0.005) reducing plasma triglyceride concentrations. Diarrhea index was quadratically influenced (p<0.05) by boron supplementations regardless of sanitary conditions where 5 mg/kg boron inclusion achieved the lowest diarrhea index. Conclusion: Pigs offered 5 mg/kg of boron increased weight gain which may be deduced by improved dry matter, crude protein, and energy digestibility regardless of the sanitary conditions.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1111-1127
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• 2023

Health-promoting preparations of inanimate microorganisms or their components are postbiotics. Since probiotics are sensitive to heat and oxygen, postbiotics are stable during industrial processing and storage. Postbiotics boost poultry growth, feed efficiency, intestinal pathogen reduction, and health, making them acceptable drivers of sustainable poultry production. It contains many important biological properties, such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses. Postbiotics revealed promising antioxidant effects due to higher concentrations of uronic acid and due to some enzyme's production of antioxidants, e.g., superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidases and peroxidases. Postbiotics improve intestinal villi, increase lactic acid production, and reduce Enterobacteriaceae and fecal pH, all of which lead to a better immune reaction and health of the gut, as well as better growth performance. P13K/AKT as a potential target pathway for postbiotics-improved intestinal barrier functions. Similarly, postbiotics reduce yolk and plasma cholesterol levels in layers and improve egg quality. It was revealed that favorable outcomes were obtained with various inclusion levels at 1 kg and 0.5 kg. According to several studies, postbiotic compounds significantly increased poultry performance. This review article presents the most recent research investigating the beneficial results of postbiotics in poultry.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

본 연구는 유산균의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 영양소 이용성, 장내미생물, 계사내 환경 요인 및 혈청내 생화학적인 변화에 대한 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 사양실험은 1일령 육계 수평아리 480수를 평사로 7주간 실행하였다. 첨가된 유산균 배양물은 육계 맹장에서 유래한 Lactobacillus reuteri 였으며, 첨가수준은 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4%였다. 체중은 1주령부터 유산균 배양물 급여구에서 대조구에 비하여 높았으며, 7주령에는 82~212g이 현저하게 높았다 (P<0.05). 사료섭취 량은 0.1% 첨가구가 가장 높았으며 및 사료요구율은 처리구간에 통계적인 차이가 없었다. 소화기관내 미생물 변화에서 유산균 배양물의 첨가구가 무첨가 대비유산균의 수는 회장과 맹장에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 7주령에 맹장에서는 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 혐기성 미생물도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. E. coli와 Salmonella 늘 처리구간에 차이가 없었다 혈청내 total protein과 albumin 의 함량은 LR 0.1%구가 각각 3주령과 7주령에 가장 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), total cholesterol은 처리구간에 일관적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. Triglyceride는 3주령과 5주령에서 LR급여구가 대조구에 비하여 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), glucose, blood urea nitrogen 그리고 calcium은 전 기간에 걸쳐 처리간 비슷하게 나타났다. inorganic phosphate는 7주령에서 LR 0.2%와LR 0.4% 급여구가 대조구에 비하여 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 영양소 이용율에서 건물소화율은 LR 0.4% 급여구가 대조구에 비하여 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 단백질, Ca 이용율도 전체적으로 향상되었다(P<0.05). 계분내, NH$_3$ gas 발생량은 LR급여구에서 현저하게 감소하여 1/3~l/2의 수준을 유지하였다(P<0.05). 자리깃(왕겨)의 수분함량은 유산균 급여구가 무첨가 대비 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 유산균 배양물의 급여는 육계의 생산성 향상과 사육환경 개선에 효과적으로 작용하였다고 판단된다.