• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.990-998
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• 2012

고지방식이(D12492)를 5주 동안 흰쥐에게 급여한 다음 고지방식이에 늙은 호박(Cucurbita moschata), 율무(adlay seed), 꾸지뽕(Cudrania tricuspidata) 분말조성물(1:1:1) 첨가식이를 5주 동안 급여한 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험기간동안 증체량은 혼합조성물 10% 첨가군(B)을 제외하고, 혼합조성물의 첨가 수준이 높을수록 감소 경향을 나타내었다. 식이섭취량은 차이가 없이 혼합조성물의 첨가 수준이 높을수록 다소 증가한 반면, 식이효율은 혼합조성물의 첨가 수준이 높을수록 다소 감소하였다. 내장지방 중 신장주변지방패드(RFP) 무게는 고지방식이대조군(F)보다 혼합조성물 30% 첨가군(E)이 통계적으로 낮았고, 정소상체지방패드(EPF) 무게는 F군보다 혼합조성물 20% 첨가군(D)이 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 배변량의 경우, 실험 전기간(10주) 고지방식이대조군(F)은 실험1기와 실험2기의 배변량이 차이가 없었고, 혼합조성물의 경우 첨가 수준이 높을수록 F군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 소장길이는 실험군 간에 유의한 차이가 없이 혼합조성물 10%, 15% 및 20% 첨가군(B, C, D)이 F군보다 다소 긴 것으로 나타났고, 대장길이는 F군과 20% 첨가군(D) 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 혈청지질중 TC, HDL- 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 유의적인 차이가 없었고, TG 농도는 혼합조성물 10%(B)와 15% 첨가군(C)이 낮았고, F군과 다른 첨가군은 높았다. 혈당농도는 혼합조성물첨가군이 F군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈구세포(CBC)중 RBC와 WBC는 혼합조성물 30% 첨가군(E)이 F군보다 통계적으로 높았고, Hct와 Hb 함량은 E군이 F군보다 높았으며, 혈소판(Platelet) 수는 혼합조성물첨가군(A~E)이 F군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상에서 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐에게 늙은 호박, 율무, 꾸지뽕잎 분말조성물첨가식이를 급여했을 때 체지방량 저하, 배변량 증가, 혈청중 TG 감소 및 혈당치의 유의한 감소작용이 있는 것으로 나타나서, 앞으로 이들 혼합조성물의 적절한 처방으로 체지방 억제, 배변활성 및 지질개선을 위한 소재화 기술개발이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of supplementation of ${\beta}$-mannanase (CTCZYME$^{(R)}$, CTCBIO, Inc.) on feed intake, growth performance and fecal health of calves fed two levels (3% vs. 8%) of palm kernel meal (PKM). A total of nine Holstein calves were divided into three groups, and fed a conventional starter containing 3% PKM (CON), CON+0.1% CTCZYME$^{(R)}$ (TRT1), or a starter containing 8% PKM+0.1% CTCZYME$^{(R)}$ (TRT2). No clinical symptom of calves was observed through the trial. We did not find significant differences among the treatments on mean feed intake, growth performance, or fecal health during the four-week experimental period. Feed efficiency tended to be improved by adding CTCZYME$^{(R)}$ (0.46, 0.87 and 0.52 for CON, TRT1 and TRT2, respectively). Compared with CON (921 g/d and 786 g/d), TRT2 had lower feed intake (727 g/d) and average daily gain (ADG, 631 g/d) before weaning. However, feed intake (2300 g/d) and ADG (1012 g/d) were similar or even higher in TRT2 than CON (2269 g/d and 560 g/d) after weaning. This was probably due to the effect of a large amount of mannan-oligosaccharide released from PKM by ${\beta}$-mannanase. Salmonella was not detected any fecal samples. No significant difference was observed in the number of fecal E. coli or fecal properties including color, smell, and watery indexes among the treatments. We conclude that a calf starter containing 8% PKM with 0.1% CTCZYME$^{(R)}$ is comparable with a conventional starter in feed intake and growth performance of calf, which is beneficial in terms of reduction in feed cost.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2000

A study was carried out to determine the probiotic effect of Lactobacillus reuteri BSA-131 by investigating the growth performance and fecal microbial population of piglets. Five dietary treatment groups, the basal diet (control, BD), basal diet with antibiotics(BA), basal diet with 2$\times$106/g of probiotics (BP6), 2$\times$108/g of probiotics (BP8) and basal diet with antibiotics and 2$\times$108/g probiot-ics(BAP8) were divised. Each dietary treatment group was consisted of 1 month of age piglets(male 13, female 12). Fecal micro-flora, body weights and feed consumption were measured at before, after and stop feeding of probiotics. The results showed that the CFU of fecal Enterobacteriaceae of piglets of the group BA, BP6, BP8 and BAP8, were reduced (P<0.05) compared to control BA. On the contrary, Lactobacillus counts were increased significan시 (P<0.001) in all groups fed probiotics dites, but not antibiotics. Body weight of probiotics treated piglets were improved 5% (p<0.001) in BP6 group than that of control group and antibiotic treated piglets BAP group was 27% (P<0.001) higher than BA group. The amount of feed consumption value of probiotics treated piglets showed 21-30% (P<0.001) lower intake than the control group, whereas antibiotic treated piglets BAP was 20% (P<0.001) higher than BA group. The results showed that body weights and feed to gain ratios were improves 19% when compared to control piglets for groups fed diets probiotic. It is very suggestive that productivity of probiotic piglets would be economical in pig farming.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a cruciferous vegetable, and its leaves have antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extracts from radish leaves on hypertension in 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The SHRs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each on the basis of initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were treated with oral administration of radish leaf extract (0, 30, or 90 mg/kg body weight [bw], respectively) for 5 weeks. Six Wistar rats were used as normotensive controls. The amount of the radish leaf extract had no effect on body weight. The SBP of the SHRs showed a decreasing trend with the consumption of the radish leaf extract. In the third week, the SBP of the group fed 90 mg extract/kg bw reduced from 214 mmHg to 166 mmHg and was significantly lower than that of the normotensive and hypertensive controls. The extract did not show a significant effect on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the serum, kidney, and lung. The extract increased the concentration of NO in serum and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and catalase in red blood cells (RBCs). The serum concentrations of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ were not significantly different between all groups. However, the fecal concentrations of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ increased; the fecal concentrations of $Na^+$ and$K^+$for the normotensive and hypertensive controls were not different. Urinary excretion of $Na^+$ was higher in the normotensive Wistar rats than in the SHRs, while that of $K^+$ was not significantly different. These findings indicate that consumption of radish leaves might have had antihypertensive effects in SHRs by increasing the serum concentration of NO and fecal concentration of $Na^+$ and enhancing antioxidant activities.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2013

Black ginseng is produced by a repeated steaming process. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of black ginseng ethanol extract (BG-EE) in high fat (HF) diet-fed mice. Two groups were fed either a normal control (NC) diet or a HF diet (45% kcal fat). The other three groups were given a HF diet supplemented with 1% BG-EE, 3% BG-EE, and 5% BG-EE for 12 wk. The anti-obesity effects of the BG-EE supplement on body weight, the development of fat mass, and lipid mechanisms were assessed in obese mice. HF-induced hyperlipidemia, fat accumulation in the liver, and white adipose tissues were reduced after BG-EE supplementation. Total fecal weight and the amount of fecal fat excretion also were increased after BG-EE supplementation. These results suggest that BG-EE may be useful to ameliorate HF-induced obesity through the strong inhibition of fat digestion.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.711-717
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• 1994

This study was conducted to obtain accurate data on intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance of dietary protein which the korean take in habitually. Subjects were 8 male college students, aged from 20 to 26, and maintained their menu and life pattern as usual during a 4-week study. The same amount of diet that the subjects had consumped, and feces and urine were collected and measured to extract their nitrogen content data by Kjeldahl method. From above data, the apparent digestibility and the body nitrogen balance were estimated by determining daily protein intake and excretion. The daily protein intake measured by Jjeldahil method was 88.3$\pm$ 0.9g(1.45/kg of body weight /day) which marked 8.3% higher than that estimatd by food analysis table. The proportional of animal protein against total protein intake was 50.4$\pm$ 2.3%. Daily fecal protein loss was 14.3$\pm$0.6g and the apparent digestibility was 83.8$\pm$ 0.7%. The urinary nitrogen excretion was 10.30$\pm$0.19g. The nitrogen balance considering nitrogen excretion from feces indicated positive balance of 1.06$\pm$0.20g.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to elucidate effects of fructooligosaccharide on gastrointestinal tract and blood lipids of rats when this was supplied as purchased condition or oligosaccharide containing sponge cake. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of 3 treatments 1) control diet 2) 7.5% fructooligosaccharide containing diet (FOS diet) 3) lyophilized sponge cake powder containing diet (FOS-C diet). The sponge cake was made with fractooligosaccharide which replaced 40% of its surose, and the final concentration of fructooligosaccharide in FOS-C diet was 7.5%. Cecal and fecal water contents, amount of cecal content, and cecal wall weight were higher from fructooligosaccharide consumption, whereas total gut transit time was longer in rats consuming fructooligosaccharide compared with those fed control diet. Cecal and fecal pH were lower in FOS and FOS-C groups than in control group. Total cecal SCFA pools were higher from ingesting fructooligosaccharide containing diets compared with control diet. Serum triglyceride levels were lower in rats fed FOS and FOS-C diet than those fed control diet, while serum cholesterol levels were unaffected by treatment. Therefore the effects of fructooligosaccharide in sponge cake on serum lipids and gastrointestinal tract were similar to those of intact fructooligosaccharide. Also, adding 7.5% of FOS accompanied diarrhea symptom which suggests some precaution are needed when using FOS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried powder and juice of Aster scaber on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in rats. Twenty one male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 170.9$\pm$15.1g were blocked into 3 groups according to body weight and raised for 4 weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dried powder and juice from the same amount of Aster scaber. Food intake, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio and organ weights were not different among all the experimental groups. On lipid metabolism, both dried powder and juice supplementation decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol and liver cholesterol levels by increasing fecal lipid excretions. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations were significantly decreased in dried powder and juice groups, whereas liver TBARS concentrations were not affected by experimental diets. Red blood cell(RBC) superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were significantly increased by dried powder and juice supplementation, while activities of other antioxidative enzymes in RBC and liver were decreased or showed no changes. In conclusion, both Aster scaber dried powder and juice had the effects on lowering lipid levels by increasing fecal lipid excretions, and inhibiting of plasma lipid peroxidation in animals and the effects of juice were higher than that of dried powder. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 375-383, 2001)

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 1996

Coptis rhizoma was extracted with methanol or hot water. Methanol extracts had higher berberine content than water extracts, whereas the contents of Ca, Mg, Zn and K were higher in the water extracts. Rats were fed on the purified diets rich in 0.12% cholesterol only or supplemented with 0.5% of each extracts for four weeks. The concentration of total serum cholesterol was significantly lower in the rats given the extracts, irrespective of the extractants. Although the concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol was comparable among the groups, the ratio of HDL-/total-cholesterol was higher in rats given the extracts. The concentration of serum free fatty acids and ketone body were significantly elevated in rats given the extracts. On the other hand, the extracts supplements significantly decreased the contents of liver cholesterol and triacylglycerol. The amount of fecal bile acids was markedly higher in rats given the extracts, especially in those given water extracts. The results show an effective hypocholesterolemic action of Coptis rhizoma and it seems that the lower concentration of serum and liver cholesterol is resulted from the increased fecal bile acids in rats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.474-478
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• 2003

우렁쉥이 추출 불용성 식이섬유를 5%, 10%, 20% 첨가한 식이 후 실험쥐 집단의 영양생리학적 특성변화를 조사하였다. Cellulose 급여에 따른 총 식이량에는 차이가 없었으나 식이 중 cellulose의 함량이 높아짐에 따라 체중은 감소하였으며 식이효율의 조절, 배변량 증가, 변의 수분 증가, 식이의 장 통과시간 단축, 장 길이의 증가 등의 유의적인 효과를 나타내었다. 우렁쉥이 식이섬유를 급여한 실험쥐의 혈청분석 결과 total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, 중성 지질 및 인지질, 혈당은 식이섬유의 함량이 높아짐에 따라 감소하였으며 HDL-cholesterol은 식이섬유의 함량이 높아짐에 따라 증가하였다. 따라서 우렁쉥이 식이섬유를 첨가한 가공식품을 섭취할 경우 배변량의 조절, 변비 및 비만조절, 혈청 지질의 감소와 같은 유용한 생리적 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.