• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.291-300
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship of occurrence and distribution of Eupatorium rugosum by forest types and soil characteristics in Mt. Namsan in Seoul, Korea. E. rugosum is designated as a harmful non-indigenous plant in ecosystem by the Natural Environment Conservation Act in Korea. E. rugosum grew along roadside and in valleys with some favorable light conditions. E. rugosum occurred in aggregations under Pinus densiflora and Robinia pseudoacacia communities. And it was sparse in forests of Quercus mongolica and P. koraiensis. The representative herb layer species were Oplismenus undulatifolius, and Parthenocissus tricuspidata in the E. rugosum communities. There was a significantly negative correlation between the coverage of E. rugosum and the coverage of tree layer. However, the result of ANOVA of E. rugosum coverage by dominant species of tree layers did not show a significant difference (p>0.05). The level of soil moisture content, organic content, and pH, was slightly higher in communities with E. rugosum than without, but it was statistically non-significant difference. However, it was found that the coverage of E. rugosum was very significantly negative correlated with the depth of top soil profile (litter and fermentation layer, p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.788-801
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing different wet rice distillers' by-product (RDP) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 48 weaned castrated male crossbred pigs, initial body weight 7.54±0.97 kg, and age about 4 wks, were used in this experiment. The piglets were randomly allocated into three iso-nitrogenous diet groups that were fed either a control diet, a diet with 15% RDP, or a diet with 30% RDP for a total of 35 days. Chromium oxide was used for apparent digestibility measurements. On d 14 and d 35, half of the piglets were randomly selected for hemato-biochemical and gut microbiota evaluations. Results: Increasing inclusion levels of RDP tended to linearly increase (p≤0.07) average daily gain on d 14 and d 35, and decreased (p = 0.08) feed conversion ratio on d 35. Empty stomach weight increased (p = 0.03) on d 35 while digestibility of diet components decreased. Serum globulin concentration decreased on d 14 (p = 0.003) and red blood cell count tended to decrease (p = 0.06) on d 35, parallel to increase RDP levels. Gene amplicon profiling of 16S rRNA revealed that the colonic microbiota composition of weaned pigs changed by inclusion of RDP over the period. On d 14, decreased proportions of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge, and increased proportions of Prevotellaceae_ge, Prevotella_2, and Prevotella_9 were found with inclusion of RDP, whereas opposite effect was found on d 35. Additionally, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge in RDP diets decreased over periods in control diet but increased largely in diet with 30% RDP. Conclusion: These results indicate that RDP in a favorable way modulate gastrointestinal microbiota composition and improve piglet performance despite a negative impact on digestibility of lipids and gross energy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.222-232
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heated spreader on the sealing ability of lateral condensation, compared with regular cold spreader. Forty two extracted human teeth with single canal were randomly placed into 3 experimental groups, and four additional teeth were used as positive and negative controls. Each group was prepared with Ni-Ti Profile #40 using step-down technique and obturated with standardized colored gutta-percha cone by standard(cold) lateral condensation technique, warm lateral condensation technique with Endotec and hot spreader soaked in glass bead sterilizer, each with Sealapex sealer. Control groups were not obturated, but prepared. After 2 days in 2% methylene blue, the teeth were invested and made into transparent resin blocks. And then, each block was sectioned horizontally with microtome at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm levels from the apex. The linear extent of dye penetration was examined with stereomicroscope at ${\times}$20 magnification. At each of 5 levels, ratio of the area of gutta-percha was obtained by calculating the area of gutta-percha to the total area of the canal. The data collected were then analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Scheffe test. The results were as follows ; 1. All experimental groups produced the apical microleakage. 2. The mean leakage was 1.57${\pm}$0.76mm for cold spreader group, 0.86${\pm}$0.95mm for Endotec spreader group, and 0.64${\pm}$0.93mm for hot spreader group. The difference between hot spreader group and cold spreader group was statistically significant(p<0.05). 1. At the 1 mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 74.58${\pm}$13.15(%) for cold spreader group, 65.42${\pm}$14.62(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 80.72${\pm}$14.63(%) for hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between hot spreader group and Endotec spreader group(p<0.05). 2. At the 2mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 87.86${\pm}$11.22(%) for cold spreader group, 66.55${\pm}$14.02(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 92.93${\pm}$7.24(%) for hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between Endotec spreader group and other two spreader groups(p<0.05). 3. At the level 3, 4, 5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between each group. Within the limits of the results of this experiment, warm lateral condensation technique with hot spreader soaked in a glass bead sterilizer demonstrated favorable apical sealing effect and improved density of gutta-percha mass. Thus, it is thought that this obturation technique is effective for clinical use and beneficial to reduce condensation forces, also economical and easy. Lateral condensation, Heated spreader, canal sealing, Microleakage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.567-574
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• 2001

Objective : As for growth hormone(GH) secreting pituitary adenoma, it's remission should be declared on the basis of satisfactory controlling of the tumor, normalization of hormonal level, and symptomatic improvement of the patient. Several modalities of treatment have been applied and administered, and yet, this disease still remains as inveterate one to be fully treated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery(GKRS) for GH secreting pituitary adenoma, and to identify various factors affecting the outcome of the treatment. Method : A group of 24 out of 35 patients, treated by Leksell gamma knife unit during the period of March of 1992 through October of 1997, had been observed for more than two years. The mean target volume of microadenoma was $449.3mm^3(range 216-880mm^3)$, and that of macroadenoma was $3183.1mm^3(range 1456-13125mm^3)$. The tumor margin was covered with 50% isodose profile, and mean marginal dose was 25.2Gy(range 15-32.4Gy). The mean number of isocenter was 4.3(range 1-6). The exposed dose to the optic apparatus was less than 8Gy. The mean follow-up period was 37.8months(range 24-102months). Result : No patients showed any increase in the tumor volume during the follow-up period. And definite shrinkage of tumor volume(tumor volume reduction rate, TVRR : more than 50%) was obtained in 10 patients(41.7%). Twenty one patients(87.5%) had reduced hormonal level compared than pre-treatment level. Among them, normalization of the hormonal level was achieved in 12 patients(50%). Clinicoendocrinological remission was seen in 3 patients (12.5%). According to the results of statistical analysis, tumor volume(p=0.016),duration of symptoms(p=0.046), initial GH level(p=0.017), and the invasion of cavernous sinus(p=0.036) were significantly favorable to post-radiosurgical outcome. The TVRR was significantly related to post-radiosurgical reduction of serum GH level. Permanent complication was not seen. Conclusion : The authors concluded that GKRS is a safe and effective treatment modality for acromegaly. To otain the better outcome of GKRS in GH secreting pituitary adenoma, more careful and sophisticated treatment-planning is recommended.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.211-214
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• 2016

Geoni, a new variety of Auricularia polytricha, was bred in JARES(Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services) in 2012. Geoni was selected through the monospore hybridization with JNM21008 and JNM21014 in 2010. Based on a performance test conducted from 2011 to 2012, the Geoni was selected from a line showing an excellent light brown pileus and strong pest resistance. Geoni has a favorable chewiness, light brown and smooth pileus. In addition, Geoni was rich in dietary fiber. MCM(mushroom complete medium), Malt and PDA(Potato Dextrose Agar) mediums were suitable for cultivating the Geoni. The number of effective stipes was 39 ea/0.9 kg and minor axis and major axis of pileus were 6.9 cm and 8.7 cm respectively. The yield of Geoni was 291 g/0.9 kg in plastic bag. Geoni was required 40~54 days for culture at $20^{\circ}C$ and 24days for the primordia and growth period, which is longer than that of the control(Pung-un). Somatic incompatibility was formed between parental strains and Geoni. Analysis of the genetic diversity of the new variety "Geoni"revealed a different profile from the parental strains when RAPD(random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers were used.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.955-960
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• 2012

In most agricultural soils, ammonium ($NH_4{^+}$) from fertilizer is quickly converted to nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) by the process of nitrification which is crucial to the efficiency of N fertilizers and their impact on the environment. The salinity significantly affects efficiency of N fertilizer in reclaimed tidal soil, and the soil pH may influence the conversion rate of ammonium to nitrate and ultimately affect nitrogen losses from the soil profile. Several results suggest that pH has important effects on recovery of fall-applied N in the spring if field conditions are favorable for leaching and denitrification except that effects of soil pH are not serious under unfavorable conditions for N loss by these mechanisms. Soil pH, therefore, deserves attention as an important factor in the newly reclaimed tidal soils with applying N. However, fate of N studies in a newly reclaimed tidal soils have been rarely studied, especially under the conditions of saline-sodic and high pH. Therefore, understanding the fate of nitrogen species transformed from urea treated into the reclaimed tidal soil is important for nutrient management and environmental quality. In this article, we reviewed yields of rice and fate of nitrogen with respect to the properties of reclaimed tidal soils.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.609-614
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of turmeric powder on jeung-pyun. Turmeric jeung-pyun containing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% turmeric powder was prepared and the moisture, pH, sugar, color, texture, DPPH and sensory properties of the samples were measured. Moisture contents of jeung-pyun were 51.26~51.99% and there were significant differences among the samples(p<0.001). The L-values were significantly decreased with increasing turmeric powder content. The b-value was low in the control and there were significant differences among the samples(p<0.05). Texture profile analysis showed that there were no significant differences among the groups in hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The hardness was the lowest in the control group and increased with increasing turmeric powder content. The antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH increased with increasing turmeric powder content (p<0.001). In the sensory evaluation, 1% addition of turmeric powder showed the highest preference in terms of color, taste, flavor, texture and overall preference(p<0.001). As determined by this study, the addition of 1% turmeric powder was the most favorable method for making use of turmeric powder in the production of jueng-pyun.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.427-434
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of turmeric powder on jeung-pyun. Turmeric jeung-pyun containing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% turmeric powder was prepared and the moisture, pH, sugar, color, texture, DPPH and sensory properties of the samples were measured. Moisture contents of jeung-pyun were 51.26~51.99% and there were significant differences among the samples(p<0.001). The L-values were significantly decreased with increasing turmeric powder content. The b-value was low in the control and there were significant differences among the samples(p<0.05). Texture profile analysis showed that there were no significant differences among the groups in hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The hardness was the lowest in the control group and increased with increasing turmeric powder content. The antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH increased with increasing turmeric powder content (p<0.001). In the sensory evaluation, 1% addition of turmeric powder showed the highest preference in terms of color, taste, flavor, texture and overall preference(p<0.001). As determined by this study, the addition of 1% turmeric powder was the most favorable method for making use of turmeric powder in the production of jueng-pyun.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.6
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• pp.303-311
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• 2012

Background: This study was designed to analyze the efficacy of gefitinib as a second-line therapy, according to the clinical characteristics in Korean patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: In this Phase IV observational study, we recruited patients, previously failed first-line chemotherapy, who had locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, and who were found to be either epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive or satisfied 2 or more of the 3 characteristics: adenocarcinoma, female, and non-smoker. These patients were administered with gefitinib 250 mg/day, orally. The primary endpoints were to evaluate the objective response rate (ORR) and to determine the relationship of ORRs, depending on each patient's characteristics of modified intent-to-treat population. Results: A total of 138 patients participated in this study. One subject achieved complete response, and 42 subjects achieved partial response (ORR, 31.2%). The subgroup analysis demonstrated that the ORR was significantly higher in patients with EGFR mutation-positive, compared to that of EGFR mutation-negative (45.8% vs. 14.0%, p=0.0004). In a secondary efficacy variable, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.7 months (95% confidence interval, 3.9~8.4 months) and the 6-month PFS and overall survival were 49.6% and 87.9%, respectively. The most common reported adverse events were rash (34.4%), diarrhea (26.6%), pruritus (17.5%), and cough (15.6%). Conclusion: Gefitinib was observed in anti-tumor activity with favorable tolerability profile as a second-line therapy in these selected patients. When looking at EGFR mutation status, EGFR mutation-positive showed strong association with gefitinib by greater response and prolonged PFS, compared with that of EGFR mutation-negative.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2006

The favorable effect of ascorbic acid and cysteine on the improvement of rice bread quality was investigated by creating and comparing 6 experimental rice breads(RB-1 to RB-6). The RB-3 showed a relatively higher loaf volume, specific loaf volume and bread yield than the other breads. Crust and crumb color of breads were measured using a Hunter celery meter. The RB 5 and RB 6 showed the higher cut L-value than the other broads. As the proportion of the rice in the experimental breads increased, both the crust L-value and the crumb L-value showed higher values. According to the texture profile analysis, the hardness of the RB-1 to RB-3 were lower than those of the other breads. The springness of the experimental broads increased as the percentage of the rice in the breads increases. However, less proportions of rice to breads provided significantly lower level of the chewiness. The cohesiveness did not show any specific pattern by the proportion of rice to breads. The degree of retrogradation of the breads was accelerated when the breads contained more rice or when the breads had neither ascorbic acid nor cysteine. Therefore, RB 3, which contained ascorbic acid and cysteine and less rice, showed the highest retardation in the degree of retrogradation. In addition, the RB 3 showed the highest overall acceptance scores by sensory evaluation.