• 약학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2014

To enhance the in vitro permeation of lovastatin through excised hairless mouse and human cadaver skins, solubility was determined in various hydrophilic and lipophilic vehicles, and the effects of vehicles and penetration enhancers on the skin permeation from solution formulations were investigated. Solubility of lovastatin was highest in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) ($278.2{\pm}10.1$ mg/ml) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ($162.2{\pm}9.7$ mg/ml). Among different pure vehicles used, NMP, DMSO, propylene glycol and isopropyl myristate provided some drug permeation ($6.9{\pm}1.1$, $5.9{\pm}1.6$, $3.0{\pm}0.5$ and $2.2{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/cm^2$ at 24 hr, respectively) through hairless mouse skin. The addition of oleic acid, linoleic acid and oleyl alcohol to DMSO showed the maximum permeation at around 5 v/v%, however, capric acid and caprylic acid had no enhancing effect. The increase of enhancer concentrations showed bell-shaped permeation rate, suggesting the presence of optimal concentration in lovastatin penetration. Increasing donor concentration from 10 mg/ml to 80 mg/ml in DMSO and a cosolvent of DMSO, NMP and DGME (3 : 3 : 4 v/v) did not show significant dose dependent permeation in both hairless mouse and human cadaver skins. The maximum lovastatin flux through human cadaver skin was found to be $0.87{\pm}0.46{\mu}g/cm^2$/hr with 5 v/v% linoleic acid and donor dose of 4 mg/0.64 $cm^2$ in the cosolvent. These results suggest that transdermal delivery of lovastatin would be feasible by establishing the optimal concentrations of donor dose and unsaturated fatty acids in appropriate vehicles.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestations and influences of occupation, concomitant allergic diseases, various aggravating factors and seasonal changes for patients with dyshidrotic eczema. Methods : A total of 219 patients who showed clinical manifestations of dyshidrotic eczema were included in this study. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics of all the patients. Results : 1. Among 219 patients, there were 76 male patients (34.7%), 143 female patients (65.3%), male to female ratio was 1: 1.88. The average age of the patients at admission was $31.9{\pm}9.8$ years, had a lot of 20s and 30s the distribution. 2. The average of duration of the admission to the clinic after the onset was $4.01{\pm}4.42$ years. 3. Common accompaning diseases dyshidrotic eczema patients have were allergic rhinitis(87 cases), and atopic dermatitis(55 cases), sweating(45 cases), and asthma(10 cases) in order. 4. The most commonly occurring sites for dyshidrotic eczema patients are fingers(60.3%), palm(53.4%), dorsum of hand(19.2%) and nails(5.5%) in order. 5. The most commonly contacted materials for dyshidrotic eczema patients are water(130 cases), cosmetics(40 cases) and rubber gloves(34 cases) in order. The aggravating factors of dyshidrotic eczema patients are emotional stress(110 cases), fatty food(22 cases) and alcohol(22 cases) in order. 6. The number of patients showing seasonal changes in symptoms was 111. The season with the most severe symptom was summer with 76 cases, which was statistically significant. Conclusions : This study demonstrated the various clinical characteristics of Korean patients with dyshidrotic eczema.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This review describes the risk factors of the nutrition crisis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and suggests precision nutrition against long-term psychological and physiological stress. The mandatory quarantine and the social distancing are associated with an interruption of the lifestyle routine, resulting in psychological (i.e., boredom) and physiological stress. The stress with multiple causes and forms induces over-compensation of energy-dense food, such as sugary comfort food, and is defined as "food craving" because carbohydrates positively affect the psychological stability with serotonin secretion. The consumption of foods that promote an immune response against viral infections (vitamins & minerals; Cu, folate, Fe, Se, Zn, and Vit A, B6, B12, C, and D), reduce inflammatory cytokines (w-3 fatty acids, Vit D, fibers, and Mg), contain antioxidants (beta-carotene, Vit E, C, Se, and phenolics), and sleep-inducing proteins (serotonin, melatonin, and milk products) is essential. In addition, a reduced Vit D deficiency in winter due to less time spent outdoors under quarantine has been reported to be associated with viral infections. The case fatality rate of COVID-19 was significantly dependent on age, sex, race, and underlying health condition. To prevent malnutrition and cachexia in elderly people, weight loss and muscle wasting should be monitored and controlled. Inadequate protein intake, sedentary lifestyle, and inflammation are significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Moreover, relatively high intakes of fat or carbohydrate compared to low protein intake result in abdominal obesity, which is defined as "sarcopenic obesity." Keeping the food-safety guidelines of COVID-19, this study recommends the consumption of fresh and healthy foods and avoiding sugar, fat, salt, alcohol, and commercially frozen foods.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2014

Objectives : Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can cause a number of symptoms, such as tiredness, poor ability to tolerate cold, and weight gain. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effects of herbal medicine on hypothyroidism. Methods : We employed oriental medical treatments; herbal-medication (Saenggangeonbi - tang gamibang), acupuncture and moxibustion. At the same time, the patient started to exercise. We treated the patient two or three times a week with oriental therapy method. She took medicine three times a day after a meal. During taking medicine, we let the patient avoid fatty food, flour based food, and alcohol. The symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels are important points of evaluating the patient's condition. So the patient measured the body weight and took a blood test a time per two months and compared the results with previous results. Results : After taking treatment - acupuncture and moxibustion during 6 months - and taking herbal-medicine, the level of TSH, fT4, T4 and T3 became normalized. The body weight was decreased about 18 pounds. In advance, the symptom of tiredness, edema was much improved. Conclusion : Herbal medicine (Saenggangeonbi-tang gamibang) was effective in the treatment of hypothyroidism and it helped to normalize the level of TSH, fT4, T4 AND T3.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2014

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a skin problem that causes dry skin, intense itching, and then a red, raised rash. It may be a long-lasting (chronic) skin problem that requires more than one treatment. The cause of atopic dermatitis isn't clear, but it affects the skin's ability to hold moisture. The skin becomes dry, itchy, and easily irritated. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effects of herbal medicine on atopic dermatitis. Methods : We employed oriental medical treatments; herbal-medication (Cheonggisanbyeonbang), acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping therapy. At the same time, the patient sweated out the skin poison. We treated him two times a week with oriental therapy method. He took medicine three times a day after a meal. During taking medicine, we let him avoid fatty food, flour based food, and alcohol. We took a picture the patient's body parts and compared the symptom with previous symptom. With the picture, we evaluated the patient's condition. Results : After taking treatment - 17 times' acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping therapy during 4 months- and taking herbal-medicine, the skin condition of the patient was much improved. At first, he was troubled with itching and hot feeling at reddish area, time after time the itching and hot feeling was weakened. The reddish area was changed to dry condition and changed to normal state. In advance, the symptom of arms was improved, and later the symptom of legs was started to improve. Conclusion : Herbal medicine (Cheonggisanbyeonbang) was an effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and it helped to improve regenerating the skin in the body.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2023

Purpose: This study focused on identifying the interaction effects of genetic and lifestyle-environmental factors on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods: Study subjects were selected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) from 2001 to 2014. Data on genetic variations, anthropometric measurements, biochemical data, and seven lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol drinking, smoking, sleep, depression, and stress) were obtained from 4,836 Koreans aged between 40 and 59 years, including those with T2D at baseline (n = 1,209), newly developed T2D (n= 1,298) and verified controls (n = 3,538). The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by using 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to T2D development and the second quartile was used as the reference category. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the associations of GRS and lifestyle factors with T2D risk, controlling for covariates. Results: Multivariate regression analysis revealed that GRS was the strongest risk factor for T2D, and body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, and spicy food preference also increased the risk. Lifestyle/environmental factors that showed significant interactions with GRS were BMI, current smoking, current drinking, fatty food preference, and spicy food preference. Conclusions: Interactions between genetic factors and lifestyle/environmental factors were associated with an increased risk of T2D. The results will be useful to provide a new perspective on genetic profiling for the earlier detection of T2D risk and clues for personalized interventions, which might be more effective prevention strategies or therapies in individuals with a genetic predisposition to T2D.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.649-659
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• 2023

This study was initiated to evaluate the phosphorus (P) removal and diesel oil degradation by bacteria isolated from industrial wastewater. The bacteria isolated were identified as Bacillus sp. The P removal efficiencies by Bacillus sp. were 99% at the initial 20 mg/L P concentration. The diesel degradation efficiencies by Bacillus sp. were 86.4% at an initial 1% diesel concentration. Lipophilicity by bacteria was the highest in the log phase, whereas it was the lowest in the death phase. As the diesel was used as a carbon source, P removal efficiencies by Bacillus sp. were 68%. When glucose, acetate, and a mixture of glucose and acetate as second carbon sources were added, the diesel degradation efficiencies were 69.22%, 65.46%, and 51.46%, respectively. The diesel degradation efficiency was higher in the individual additions of glucose or acetate than in the mixture of glucose and acetate. When P concentration increased from 20 mg/L to 30 mg/L, the diesel degradation efficiency was increased by 7% from 65% to 72%, whereas when P concentration was increased from 30 mg/L to 40 mg/L, there was no increase in diesel degradation. One of the five proteins identified by proteome analysis in the 0.5% diesel-treated samples may be involved in alkane degradation and is known as the cytochrome P450 system. Also, two of the sixteen proteins identified in the 1.5% diesel-treated samples may be implicated in the fatty acid transport system and alcohol dehydrogenation.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the association between eating habits and the utilization of dietary supplements (DSs) according to food-related lifestyle (FRL) among Korean adults. Methods: This study included a total of 300 participants (150 men and 150 women) in their 20s to 60s living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. We identified two groups by factor and cluster analysis: an 'active pursuit' group and a 'passive pursuit' group. Differences in eating habits and DS utilization between the two groups were analyzed by chi-square test and t-test. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of variables on DS consumption according to FRL. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, alcohol drinking frequency, total dietary score, change in DS consumption after coronavirus disease 2019, and current DS consumption (P < 0.05). The proportion who perceived many health benefits of DSs was higher in the 'active pursuit' group than in the 'passive pursuit' group (P = 0.003). The most commonly consumed type of DSs was multivitamins & minerals for the 'active pursuit' group, and omega-3 fatty acids for the 'passive pursuit' group. The 'an active pursuit' group consumed DSs 2.93 times more (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-5.97) compared to the 'passive pursuit' group, after adjusting for confounders. In the 'active pursuit' group, the health pursuit (odds ratio [OR] = 6.54, 95% CI: 1.44-29.61) and rational consumption pursuit factors (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.83) were associated with DS consumption, whereas only the health pursuit factor had a significant association (OR = 5.37, 95% CI: 2.08-13.88) within the 'passive pursuit' group. However, total dietary score and DSs consumption did not show a relationship. Conclusions: By understanding the consumption characteristics of DSs according to FRL, this can serve as basic data necessary for promoting health through the utilization of DSs and healthy behaviors.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.867-873
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• 1995

만성적인 알코올 섭취가 미토콘드리아의 지질조성 및 ATPase 활성도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 아울러 간의 발암물질인 2-AAF를 토여하여 간 미토콘드리아의 기능에 미치는 상호 효과를 조사하기 위하여 120~125g 숫쥐에게 열량의 35%를 알코올로 공급하여 6주간 사육하였으며 알코올 섭취 4주 후에 2-AAF를 3일 간격으로 2회 복강투여하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 체중 증가, 식이 섭취량 및 식이효율에 대한 알코올의 효과는 유의적인 차이를 보였으나, 2-AAF에 의한 유의적인 효과는 관찰할 수 없었다. 알코올 섭취군이 대조군 보다 체중은 유의적으로 감소하였다. 2. 미토콘드리아 ATPase 활성도는 알코올 섭취에 의해 유의적으로 감소되었고, 2-AAF 투여에 의해서는 유의적이지 않으나 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 대조군(C)에 비하여 알코올 섭취와 2-AAF투여군(EA)에서 ATPase 활성도가 29.3%의 감소를 나타냈다. 3. 간 미토콘드리아 콜레스테롤 함량은 알코올 섭취에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였으며 미토콘드리아 총 인지질량은 알코올과 2-AAF에 의한 상호작용에 의해 알코올 투여군에서만 2-AAF 투여시 유의적인 증가 효과를 보여주었다. C/PL 비율은 알코올 섭취와 2-AAF 투여 보두에서 유의적인 효과는 보이지 않았으나 군간 비교시 알코올군(E)이 대조군(C) 보다 유의적으로 증가하였다. 4. 간 미토콘드리아의 CL량은 알코올군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였고 PS와 PI량은 차이가 없었다. 알코올 섭취로 PC량은 유의적으로 증가하였으나 PE량은 차이가 없엇으며, 2-AAF 투여시 PC량은 유의적인 감소를 보였고 PE량은 유의적으로 증가하였다. PE/PC 비율은 알코올 투여에 의해 유의성은 없었으나 감소경향을 나타냈으며, 2-AAF 투여에 의해서는 유의적인 증가 효과가 나타났다. 5. 알코올 섭취시 미토콘드리아의 지방산 조성은 palmitic acid가 유의적으로 감소하였고, stearic acid는 유의적으로 증가함을 보였다. UFA/SFA와 UI는 알코올군에서 유의적이지는 않으나 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 2-AAF 투여에 의해서도 linoleic acid는 감소되고 arachidonic acid는 증가되는 경향을 보여 UI값이 증가되는 경향이 있었다. 따라서 본 실험에서 나타난 ATPase 호라성도 변화는 비토콘드리아의 콜레스테롤변화, C/PL 비율, 인지질 조성이나 지방산 조성의 변화 등 막지질 조성의 변화에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.312-320
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• 1986

식염농도를 낮게 한 자리젓의 정미성분을 구명하기 위하여 젖산, 솔비톨 및 에틸알코올을 첨가하여 담금한 저식염 자리돔젓 숙성중의 유리아미노산, 핵산관련물질, TMA, TMAO, 총 creatinine 및 지방산조성의 변화를 실험하였다. 저염자리젓은 숙성 60일경에 가장 맛이 좋았으며 VBN은 숙성 10일째에 급격히 증가하였으나 숙성 85일후에도 식염농도 $8\%$의 시료와 $10\%$의 시료가 각각 113mg/g 및 83mg/100g을 나타냄으로서 식염농도 $20\%$의 시료보다 더 적은 값을 나타내었다. 아미노질소도 숙성 10일째에 급격한 증가를 나타내고 이후 60일까지 완만하게 증가하였으며 85일째에는 약간 감소하였다. 원료에는 lysine, taurine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline 및 alanine 이 많아 전 유리아미노산의 $58.8\%$를 차지하였으며 arginine과 tyrosine은 흔적량이었다. 숙성 60일째에는 lysine, glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, aspartic acid 및 valine이 많아 전 유리아미노산의 $58{\sim}71\%$를 차지하였으나 taurine은 검출되지 않았다. 원료에는 핵산관련물질중 IMP 가 $18.6{\mu}mole/g$으로 가장 많았으나 자리젓에서는 hypoxanthine 이 전시료에서 가장 많았고 ATP와 ADP는 숙성시료에서는 검출되지 않았다. 숙성중 TMA는 증가하였으나 TMAO는 감소하여 숙성 60일째에는 흔적량에 불과하였으며, 총 creatinine은 10일째에 급격히 증가하고 이후 큰 변화가 없었다. 원료 및 자리돔 젓갈제품중 지방산조성비가 높은 것은 16:0, 18:1, 16:1, 22:6 및 20:5의 순이었다. 원료에 대하여 식염 $8.0\%$, 젖산 $0.5\%$ 솔비톨 $6.0\%$, 에틸알코올 $6.0\%$, BHA $0.02\%$를 첨가하여 재래식젓갈의 품질에 손색이 없는 저식염 자리돔젓을 제조할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.