• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.372-376
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• 2012

급성신손상은 높은 이환율과 치사율을 나타내는 심각한 질환이며, 허혈-재관류에 의한 신손상은 급성신손상의 중요한 원인이 된다. 본 연구는 미니돼지에서 급성신손상을 진단하는데 임상적으로 유용한 바이오마커를 찾아내기 위해 실시되었다. 세 마리의 미니돼지에서 60분간 신동맥을 결찰하여 양측성 신허혈을 유도하였다. 각 미니돼지에서 결찰 전, 결찰 후 0, 1, 3, 5일에 혈액 및 뇨 검체를 채취하였다. 혈청 및 뇨 검체에서 BUN, creatinine, 나트륨 및 요산을 측정한 후 나트륨 및 요산의 분획배설율($FE_{Na}$, $FE_{UA}$)을 산출하였다. 또한 IL-6, IL-18, L-FABA 및 GST를 Western immunoblotting을 실시하여 측정하였다. 결과에서 세 마리 미니돼지 모두 혈청 BUN과 creatinine 농도는 결찰 후 1일째에 유의적으로 증가하였다. 그러나 $FE_{Na}$와 $FE_{UA}$는 현저한 개체차를 보였다. 수술 전과 후를 비교했을 때 허혈 이후의 뇨 검체에서는 IL-6, IL-18, L-FABP 및 GST의 농도가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 결론적으로, $FE_{Na}$와 $FE_{UA}$에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 생각되며, 혈청 BUN, creatinine과 뇨 IL-6, IL-18, L-FABP 및 GST는 돼지의 허혈-재관류 모델에서 다른 바이오마커와 함께 급성신손상을 진단하는 민감한 바이오마커가 될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권50호
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• pp.318.1-318.10
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• 2018

Background: In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) in meconium as biomarkers of prenatal ethanol exposure and growth deficits, as birth outcomes, that constitute several of the key cardinal features of fetal alcohol syndrome. Methods: A total of 157 meconium samples were collected from enrolled infants within 24 hours of birth, and nine FAEEs were quantified using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The relationships between cumulative concentrations of nine species of FAEEs in meconium and birth parameters of growth (age-sex-specific centiles of head circumference [HC], weight, and length) and respective and combined birth outcomes of growth deficits (HC ${\leq}10th$ centile, weight ${\leq}10th$ centile, and length ${\leq}10th$ centile) were determined. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher cumulative concentrations of meconium FAEEs correlated with elevated risks for HC and length, both, 10th percentile or less (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-7.74; P = 0.029) and HC and weight and length, all of them, 10th percentile or less (aOR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.12-9.59; P = 0.031). Conclusion: The elevated cumulative FAEEs in meconium were associated with combined growth deficits at birth, specifically HC and length, both, 10th percentile or less, which might be correlated with detrimental alcohol effects on fetal brain and bone development, suggesting a plausible alcohol-specific pattern of intrauterine growth restriction.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2023

Climate change is more rapid in the Arctic than elsewhere in the world, and increased precipitation and warming are expected cause changes in biogeochemical processes due to altered microbial communities and activities. It is crucial to investigate microbial responses to climate change to understand changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics. We investigated the effects of increased temperature and precipitation on microbial biomass and community structure in dry tundra using two depths of soil samples (organic and mineral layers) under four treatments (control, warming, increased precipitation, and warming with increased precipitation) during the growing season (June-September) in Cambridge Bay, Canada (69°N, 105°W). A phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis method was applied to detect active microorganisms and distinguish major functional groups (e.g., fungi and bacteria) with different roles in organic matter decomposition. The soil layers featured different biomass and community structure; ratios of fungal/bacterial and gram-positive/-negative bacteria were higher in the mineral layer, possibly connected to low substrate quality. Increased temperature and precipitation had no effect in either layer, possibly due to the relatively short treatment period (seven years) or the ecosystem type. Mostly, sampling times did not affect PLFAs in the organic layer, but June mineral soil samples showed higher contents of total PLFAs and PLFA biomarkers for bacteria and fungi than those in other months. Despite the lack of response found in this investigation, long-term monitoring of these communities should be maintained because of the slow response times of vegetation and other parameters in high-Arctic ecosystems.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3589-3595
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• 2013

Cu, Ni 및 Cd에 노출된 망그로브 식물의 페놀성 화합물, 항산화 활성 및 지방산 함량의 변화를 분석하였다. Rhizophora mangle의 태생종자를 Cu(0.01 및 1 ppm), Ni(0.1 및 10 ppm) 및 Cd(0.1 및 10 ppm) 스트레스 하에서 12주간 배양하였다. 대조구와 비교하여 볼 때, 12주 동안 망그로브 뿌리의 형태학적 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 12주간 배양된 태생종자에서 페놀성 화합물의 함량은 통계학적으로 유의하게 변화하지 않았으나, 항산화 활성은 크게 증가하였다. 지방산, C14:1, C15:1 및 C18:2n-6, 함량은 시험된 모든 태생종자에서 변화하였다. 이러한 결과는 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 assay와 지방산 함량분석이 중금속 하에서의 망그로브 식물의 반응을 진단할 수 있는 유용한 바이오마커가 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Objectives : Although the anti-obesity effect of Schizandrae Fructus water extract has been demonstrated, its underlying mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of Schizandrae Fructus water extract through the p-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), sirtuin1 (Sirt1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling in 60% high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. Methods : Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups. The Normal group was fed a normal diet and the obese groups were fed 60% HFD. Except for the Control group, the GG group was supplemented with 0.5% Garcinia gummigutta and the SCW group was supplemented with 0.5% Schizandrae Fructus water extract. After 6 weeks, obesity-related biomarkers in serum were measured and the expressions of protein for lipid-related factors in liver tissue were analyzed by western blot. Results : Treatment with SCW significantly down-regulated body weight compared to the Control group. SCW down-regulated levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum and significantly increased p-AMPK, Sirt1, and PGC-1α in liver tissue. In addition, the expressions of fatty acid oxidation-related proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT-1A), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) were significantly up-regulated. However, fatty acid synthesis-related proteins including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), phospho-Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (p-ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were significantly down-regulated. Conclusions : Taken together, SCW treatment showed anti-obesity effect by regulating both fatty acid oxidation-related and fatty acid synthesis-related proteins through AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling in 60% HFD-induced obese mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of dietary calcium(Ca) level on colonic mucosal levels of cell proliferation, 1, 2-diacylglycerol(DAG), TXB2, PGE2 and phospholipid fatty acid composition which have been known as biomarkers for colon cancer. One hundred male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into two fat type groups. Each group of which was further divided into two Ca level groups. Each rt was intramuscularly injected with 1, 2,-dimenthylhydrazine(DMH) for 6 weeks (total dose of 180mg/kg body weight) and simultaneously fed one of four experimental diets containing 15% dietary fat(corn oil or perilla oil )and 0.3% or 1.0% Ca by weight for 20 weeks. Compared to corn oil, perilla oil significantly reduced cell proliferation by decreasing labeling index, proliferating zone, crypt length in colonic mucosa and colonic mucosa and colonic mucosal levels of DAG, TXB2 . PGE2 and phospolipid (PL) arachidonic acid distribution. The effect of Ca on biomarketrs was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed . Ca effect of Ca on biomarkers was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed. Ca effect was not significantly shown in the PO group, but it was significant in the CO group in which high Ca(1.0%) decreased the levels of levels of PL-C20 : 4(%), DAG and PGE2 . However , high Ca supplementation had shown only the trends of improving cell proliferation. Overall , high dietary Ca significantly reduced cell proliferation by inhibiting the synthesis of eicosanoid and DAG with reduced distribution of PL-C20 : 4 , which may have resulted in lower activation of PKC through reduced signal transduction. Since a high level of dietary Ca was more effective in reducing the risk factor against colon cancer in corn oil fed rats, it could be suggested that a higher amount of dietary Ca be consumed , especially when more vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid is included in the diet.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.967-977
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• 2023

Rubus crataegifolius (RC)는 장미과에 속하는 전통적인 아시아 약용 식물이다. RC 열매는 항산화 작용을 통해 성인병을 예방하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 RC 열매 추출물(RCex)이 비만과 비알코올성 지방간 질환(NAFLD)에 미치는 영향을 동물 모델을 통해 평가하였다. 28마리의 수컷 C57BL/6J 마우스에 8주간 비만을 유도한 후, 추출물을 8주간 경구 투여하였다. 그룹 1은 일반 대조군으로 표준사료를 섭취하였다. 그룹 2는 HFD 대조군으로, 그룹 3에는 심바스타틴(6.5 mg/kg/일)을, 그룹 4에는 RCex (200 mg/kg)을 투여하였다. RCex투여는 실험 마우스의 체중, 지방 조직, 간 무게를 감소시켰으며, 또한 지질 대사(ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL, HDL)를 포함한 생화학적 바이오마커를 개선하였다. AMPK의 활성화는 지방생성 유전자(LXR, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC1)의 발현을 감소시켰으며, RCex에 의한 CPT 활성 증진 효과를 검증하였다. RCex는 또한 에너지 소비 및 신진대사와 관련된 호르몬(adiponectin 및 leptin)의 혈장 수준에도 영향을 미쳤다. 또한, RCex가 HFD로 유도된 비만 mice의 포도당 불내성을 개선했음을 확인 하였다. RCex는 AMPK의 인산화를 통해 지방산 산화 및 지방산 합성을 조절함으로써 항비만 및 항NAFLD 효과를 가짐을 처음으로 입증하였다. 이는 R. crataegifolius가 비만 및 관련 NAFLD 예방에 좋은 보충제가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

Objective : The aim of the present study is to examine hepatic lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin combined with Jakyakgamcho-tang on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a high fat diet-induced obese mice model. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were divided into four dietary groups: (1) Normal, (2) Control (60% high-fat diet), (3) Control + silymarin 50 mg/kg/day (Silymarin), (4) Control + Silymarin 50 mg/kg/day + Jakyakgamcho-tang 100 mg/kg/day (SPG). After 12 weeks administration, mice were sacrificed and lipids and inflammation-related biomarkers were analyzed liver and plasma. Results : Silymarin and SPG treatments significantly lowered body and liver weights compared to the Control. Serumlipids (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1𝛽, and IL-6) concentrations were significantly lowered in the Silymarin and SPG groups than the Control group. Silymarin and SPG treatments suppressed hepatic TG level and hepatic lipid droplets compared to the Control. Theses two treatments significantly increased hepatic kinase B1 and AMP-activated protein kinase protein levels, and significantly decreased hepatic key lipogenic enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and stearyl coenzyme A desaturase 1) protein levels than the Control. SPG also significantly increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation-related protein (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and uncoupling protein 2) levels than the Control. Conclusions: Silymarin and SPG suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating hepatic protein expression, and lowered blood pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations though the synergic effect of silymarin and Jakyakgamchotang was not clear.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2011

This study was conducted to validate the theoretical feasibility of a technique to identify biomarkers in Korean native black pig (KNP) and a commercial Landrace breed. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we found six proteins (NADH dehydrogenase Fe-S protein 1, an unnamed protein product, similar to T-complex protein 1, annexin V = CaBP33 isoform, fatty acid-binding protein, and catechol O-methyltransferase), which appeared in KNP alone. We raised polyclonal antibodies (used as the primary antibody) for Western blotting to confirm the characteristics of the six KNP proteins. As a result, catechol O-methyltransferase, annexin V = CaBP33 isoform, and the unnamed protein product presented thicker bands in KNP than those in Landrace. Moreover, catechol O-methyltransferase was shown to be more feasible as a biomarker for KNP. However, cross-reactivity was observed with the polyclonal antibodies for KNP and the other three proteins (NADH dehydrogenase, a protein similar to T-complex protein 1, and fatty acid-binding protein). This study only showed limited results from a limited number of animals; however, our research suggests possibilities for future studies.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2012

The Framingham risk score (FRS) has been used to assess the risk of a cardiovascular event and to identify patients for risk factor modifications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the FRS with dietary intake and inflammatory biomarkers. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 180 men ($49.2{\pm}10.2$ years) with MS. Serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adiponectin were examined. Participants were asked to complete the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using the previous 1 year as a reference point. The absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk percentage over 10 years was calculated to estimate the FRS, which was classified as low risk (< 10%), intermediate risk (10-20%), and high risk (> 20%). Mean intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower in subjects who had > 20% FRS than in subjects who had < 10% FRS ($3.7{\pm}1.9$ g/day vs. $4.7{\pm}1.9$ g/day; P < 0.05). Significant differences in the Index of Nutritional Quality of protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin C were observed between the > 20% FRS group and the < 10% FRS group (P < 0.05). IL-6 concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with a < 10% FRS than in subjects who were 10-20% FRS or > 20% FRS ($0.91{\pm}0.26$ vs. $1.48{\pm}033$ vs. $2.72{\pm}0.57$ pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). IL-6 and dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids together explained 6.6% of the variation in FRS levels in a stepwise multiple regression model. Our results provide some evidence that dietary intake in the higher CVD risk group was inferior to that in the lower risk group and that dietary fat intake and IL-6 were associated with FRS and MS in Korean men.