• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between traffic accident and non-traffic accident patients in the early stage, by analysis of the heart rate variability(HRV) and visual analogue scale(VAS). Methods : This study carried out on 38 patients who complained of nuchal or lower back pain. They have received hospital treatment in Dae-Jeon Univ. Cheonan Oriental Hospital. In the TA(Traffic accident) group, the pain caused by TA and in non-TA group, the pain caused by other reasons. We measured HRV and VAS twice(pre-treatment(Tx.) and post-Tx.). Then we analyzed the data. Results : As time goes by, patients who complained of pain showed the inclination to improve ability to balance autonomic nerve system. And fatigue and pain were improved. But they showed the inclination to increase stress index. At pre-Tx., TA group had more stress and worse ability to balance autonomic nerve system, but showed lower fatigue index than non-TA group. But, as time goes by, in TA group the fatigue and autonomic balance got worse. At pre-Tx., non-TA group complained of more severe pain than TA group, but at post-Tx., TA group complained of more severe pain than non-TA group. In other words, in TA group, the decreasing rate of pain was lower than non-TA group. Conclusions : Results from this investigation showed that TA have a negative effect on stress index, ability to balance autonomic nerve system, fatigue index and decreasing rate of pain. These results are expected to consider characteristics of patients who complained of pain caused by TA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.39-50
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of self-acupressure on the visual health of college students. Methods : A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were determined by OSDI(ocular surface disease index) and the Schirmer test, they were assigned to an experimental group of 22 and control group of 22. The experimental group participated in self-acupressure, which were practiced 2 times a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Results : Scores of ocular surface disease index, Schirmer test and ocular fatigue were significantly better in the experimental group after the intervention compared to the control group. Conclusions : The result indicate that self-acupressure is an effective nursing intervention for improving the dry eye syndrome and decreasing ocular fatigue in college students.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.283-294
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• 2001

In the present work a constitutive model is developed which permits the assessment of the structural performance through a criterion based on cumulative damage. For it, a damage index is defined and is evaluated through the application of the Miner's rule in low-cycle fatigue. However, the damage index is not considered as a posteriori variable since is incorporated explicitly as an internal variable in the constitutive equations which produces a direct coupling between the damage and the structural mechanical behaviour allowing the possibility of considering as a whole different coupled phenomena. For the elaboration of this damage model, the concepts of the mechanics of continuum medium are applied on lumped dissipative models in order to obtain a coupled simplified model. As a result an elastoplastic model coupled with damage and fatigue damage is obtained.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.199-214
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Daeyeongjeongami-bang on menopausal disorder patients. Methods : We recruited 3 menopausal disorder patients who have been suffering from hot flush, fatigue and depression. In addition, the patients had been administrated Daeyeongjeongami-bang. The patients of menopausal disorder had been estimated with Kupperman's index, Menopause rating scale, Beck's depression Inventory, Self rating depression scale, Visual analogue scale and Heart rate variability. We measured Kupperman's index, Menopause rating scale, Beck's depression inventory and Self rating depression scale for every seven days. Heart rate variability was estimated twice, before and after the treatment. Results : After the treatments, symptoms of menopausal disorder were decreased. Conclusions : This study suggests that Daeyeongjeongami-bang is significantly effective on menopausal disorder patients with hot flush, fatigue and depression.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.430-435
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• 1997

This paper represents the investigation of the shear fatigue behavior and damage procedure of reinforced concrete beams subject to repeated loading using the strut-tie model. Damage Index is defined as the ratio of deflection at each cycle to the ultimate deflection of inelastic region. Two types of strut-tie model are designed according to the inclined angles of concrete-struts and the consideration of concrete-ties. In one model, aggregate interlock and resistance of uncracked concrete are regarded as the main sheat resisting mechanism and in the other, stirrup is. The results show that the strut-tie model combined with damage index can describe the shear fatigue behavior of RC beams subject to repeated loading effectively.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of fatigue and functional status in patients with cancer. Method: The data were collected from August, 15 to October, 10, 2005. The subjects were recruited from three university hospitals and two general hospitals in B, U, and S cities in Korea. Fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Scale for Cancer Patients, and Functional Status was measured using the Karnofsky Performance Status Index. Result: 1) The mean score of fatigue was $79.72{\pm}21.25$(range: 26-130), and the mean score of functional status was $79.33{\pm}13.02$. 2) There were significant differences in the scores of fatigue by sex, age, marital status, employment, major care-giver, pain, and period after diagnosis. 3) There were significant differences in the scores of functional status by employment, major care-giver, pain, stage of cancer, period after diagnosis, and type of cancer. 4) There was a significant negative correlation between fatigue and functional status (r= -.472, p= .000). Conclusion: Increase in fatigue was associated with decrease in functional status in patients with cancer. Nurses must assess fatigue and functional status when caring for the cancer patients, and provide nursing intervention to relieve fatigue and to improve functional status.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.90-95
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• 2005

Most of mechanical structures are composed of many substructures connected to one another by various types of mechanical joints with various shapes of cutouts. It is important to study these connected structures under dynamic forces for evaluation of stress concentration. In this paper, a FQI(fatigue quality index) analysis using the concept of SF(severity factor) is performed to various shape of elliptical hole. The SF is affected by the location of cutout in plate and radius ratio, static SF is analyzed with finite element analysis and the equation of FQI for predicting a dynamic SF is formed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper was to make an analysis of anaerobic power in professional female basketball players using the Wingate Test Method with bicycle ergometer. Twenty-three subjects(age $21.6\pm2.8years$, body height $178.0\pm7.4cm$, body weight $70.3\pm7.4kg$) were selected from professional female basketball team whose careers were over 10years and participated in this investigation. Each subject peformed a Wingate anaerobic power test to determine total work, peak power, mean power, fatigue index and blood lactate concentration. The following were obtained from result data analysis; 1. The Total Work of athletes was a $1128.7\pm120.6watt$ 2. The Peak Power of athletes was a $449.5\pm53.1watt$ 3. The Mean Power of athletes was a $369.1\pm39.4watt$ 4. The Fatigue Index of athletes was a $33.5\pm6.9\%$ 5. The blood lactate concentration was $1.85\pm0.85mM/L$ at the normal state and $3.16\pm1.53mM/L$ at the after Wingate test. The blood lactate concentration was $6.96\pm0.81mM/L$ after 3 minute and $6.95\pm1.05mM/L$ after 5 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2005

In designing the structures of railway rolling stocks, deterministic methods associated with the concept of a safety factor have been traditionally used. The deterministic approaches based on the mean values of applied loads and material properties have been used as safety verification for the design of rolling-stock car body structures. The uncertainties in the applied loading for the high speed train and the strength of new materials in the rolling stocks require the application of probabilistic approaches to ensure fatigue safety in the desired system. Pressure loadings acting on the car body when the train passes through tunnels show reflected pressure waves for high-speed trains and they may cause a fatigue failure in vehicle bodies. Use of new material technology as body structures also introduces uncertainties in the material strength. A probabilistic approach is more adaptable in designing reliable structures when the pressure waves from the tunnels pounds and new material technology is adopted. In this paper, it is proposed that a fatigue design and assessment method based on a reliability which deals with the loading variations on a railway vehicle due to the pressure reflected in tunnels and the strength variations of material. Equation for the fatigue reliability index has been formulated to calculate the reliability assessment of a vehicle body under fluctuating pressure loadings in a tunnel. Considered in this formulation are the pressure distribution characteristics, the fatigue strength distribution characteristics, and the concept of stress-transfer functions due to the pressure loading.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2022

Background: Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods: We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t-test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results: Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15; p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta = -0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta = -0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta = -0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion: Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty.