• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2013

Our purpose was to investigate the effect of a 5-week high-fat diet on the body weight, blood components [triglycerides (TGs), free fatty acids (FFAs), and glucose], and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression in the skeletal muscles of rats. Body weight increased overtime in experimental and control groups without significant differences. In terms of the blood components, the density of TG was significantly lower in the high-fat diet group compared to the control, whereas FFA and glucose levels were similar in the two groups. Although the levels of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) mRNA expression were similar between the groups, LPL mRNA expression was significantly higher in the high-fat diet group than that in the control group. The results of this study suggest that a high-fat diet enhances LPL mRNA expression, as well as possibly increases fat metabolism. For a better understanding of the relationship between diet patterns and fat metabolism, further analysis of genes related to the fat metabolism is warranted.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary fat to carbohydrate ratio on plasma glucose. free fatty acid level and hepatic glucokinase activity in normal or insulin treated diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed with 3 different but isocaloric diets for 5 weeks. Diet 1 made to have low fat(4% corn oil and 65.8% corn starch wt/wt) : diet 2 medium fat (12% : 47.8%) : diet 3 high fat (20% : 29.8%) In the normal rats an apparent increase of GK activity was observed from the animal fed low fat diet when compared with other groups. GK activities were decreased in all the alloxan-diabetic rats than the normal rats. When insulin was injected the GK activities in all the livers of alloxan-diabetic rats restored to normal level and GK activity was highest in low fat group. In the entire group significant relationships were seen between the plasma glucose and GK activities(r=-0.6, p<0.001) FFA levels and GK activities(r=-0.63 p<0.001) Both in normal and insulin treated diabetic rats significantly depressed level of hepatic GK activity was observed in the livers of animals fed high fat diet for 5 weeks and depressed level of GK activity may be related to insulin resistance.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Daecheongryoung-tang (DCR) therapy on body weight, serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid level and complete blood cell count of obese rats. Methods: 34 rats are divided into 4 groups, the rats in the normal group are 7 and the rats in the other group are 9 per group; Normal group (general fat diet and no medication), Control group (high-fat diet and no medication), DCR_L group (high-fat diet and DCR 250 mg medication) and DCR_H group (high-fat diet and DCR 500 mg medication). DCR is administrated for 6 weeks. Results: There is significant statistical difference between Control group and DCR-H group for the body weight, the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid level. Also, there is significant statistical difference among Control group, DCR_L group and DCR_H group for body weight, triglyceride, free fatty acid and phospholipid level. Conclusions: These results suggest that medication of DCR_L and DCR_H is effective for the treatment of obesity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2004

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of herbal acupuncture(Ephedra sinica and Green tea) at Umnungchon(SP9) and Pungnyung(ST40) on weight gain, food intakes, food efficiency ratios, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid on rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into normal group(Sham), high fat diet group(Con), high fat diet and Ephedra sinica-herbal acupuncture in SP9 ST40 treated group(ES), high fat diet and Green tea-herbal acupuncture in SP9 ST40 treated group (GT), high fat diet and Ephedra sinica+Green tea-herbal acupuncture in SP9 ST40 treated group(ES+GT). Herbal acupuncture was bilaterally treated at the level of 19.125mg/ml per 2 days during 5 weeks. Results : Body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio were decreased in Sham, ES, ES+GT, compared with control group. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol was increased in sham, tender to increase in ES, ES+GT. The change on that of serum triglyceride was decreased in sham, ES, ES+GT and free fatty acid was decrease in sham, ES+GT. Conclusions : Ephedra sinica with Green tea-herbal acupuncture in SP9 ST40 can control the Body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.200-207
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of com gluten (CG) and its hydrolysate consumptions on weight reduction in rats fed a high-fat diet. Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were fed a high-fat diet (40% calorie as fat) for 4 weeks. They were then randomly divided into four groups and fed the isocaloric diets with different protein sources for 8 weeks. The protein sources were casein (control group), intact CG (CG group), CG hydrolysate A (CGHA group, 30% of protein as peptides and 70% as free amino acids) and CG hydrolysate P (CGHP group, 93% of protein as peptides and 7% as free amino acids). Body weight gain, adipose tissue weights, nitrogen balance, absorptions of energy, protein and fat, lipid profiles in plasma, liver and feces and hepatic activities of camitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were assessed. The CGHA diet had the highest amount of BCAAs, especially leucine, and most of them existed as free amino acid forms. The CGHA group showed significant weight reduction and negative nitrogen balance. Protein absorption and apparent protein digestibility in the CGHA group were significantly lower than those in other groups. Adipose tissue weights were the lowest in the CGHA group. Activity of CPT tended to be higher in the CGHA group than in other groups and those of FAS, ME and G6PDH were significantly lower in the CGHA group than in other groups. In conclusion, the CGHA diet which had relatively high amounts of free amino acids and BCAAs, especially leucine, had a weight reduction effect by lowering adipose tissue weight and the activities of FAS, ME and G6PDH in experimental animals, but it seemed to be a negative result induced by lowering protein absorption, increasing urinary nitrogen excretion and protein catabolism.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2004

Objectives : To identify the effect of Taeyeumjowee-tang on the treatment of obesity Methods : After having been fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks, obese white rats were classified into three groups. Control group 1 was fed a high-fat diet for 2 more weeks. Control group 2 was fed a normal diet for 2 weeks. The Sample group was fed Taeyeumjowee-tang extract with a normal diet for 2 weeks. The result of the comparison among the three groups was as follows. Results : The Sample group decreased significantly as compared with the Control 1 and 2 groups in changes of the body weight, fat cell size, fat accumulation, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total lipid, free fatty acid and UCP1. Conclusions : Taeyeumjowee-tang has significant effect on the treatment of obesity resulting from a high-fat diet. Especially, it was a sure remedy for Control group 2 that was fed normal1y after having a high-fat diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Meristotheca papulosa on lipid concentration of serum and liver in rats fed high fat diet for 4 weeks. Experimental groups ere divided into normal group (5% corn oil), high fat diet group (5% corn oil+20% lard), high fat diet and 5% or 10% Meristotheca papulosa treated group. The weights of kidney, heart and tests were not significantly different among the group, but weight of liver was significantly decreased by supplement of Meristotheca papulosa (10%). The contents of serum total lipid, trigly-ceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester and atherogenic index were decreased, while HDL-cholesterol was increased by Meristotheca papulosa supplementation compared to high fat diet group. Meristotheca papulosa supplement has obvious effects on lowering hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol. Our findings suggest that Meristotheca papulosa supplement can improve lipid metabolism in high fat fed rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.350-361
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• 2020

Background: Black ginseng (BG) is a type of Korean ginseng prepared by steaming and drying raw ginseng to improve the saponin content. This study examined the effects of BG on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HepG2 cells and diet-induced obese mice. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with free fatty acids to induce lipid accumulation before supplementation with BG. NAFLD-induced mice were fed different doses (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of BG for 8 weeks. Results: BG significantly reduced lipid accumulation and expression of lipogenic genes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase in HepG2 cells, and the livers of mice fed a 45% high-fat diet with 10% fructose in the drinking water (HFHF diet). BG supplementation caused a significant reduction in levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, while antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly increased in 45% high-fat diet with 10% fructose in the drinking water diet-fed mice. Expression of proliferator-activated receptor alpha and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I were upregulated at the transcription and translation levels in both HepG2 cells and diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, BG-induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl CoA carboxylase in both models, suggesting its role in AMP-activated protein kinase activation and the acetyl CoA carboxylase signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our results indicate that BG may be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of NAFLD.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Ijin-tang add Atractylodis rhizoma and Atratcylodis macrocephalae rhizoma (IJTAA) on the change of weight and serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid and phospholipid level in obese mice induced by high fat diet. Experimental groups were as follows ; Normal group was fed normal diet and administered distilled water during 7 weeks, Control group was fed high fat diet and administered distilled water during 7 weeks, Sample A group was fed high fat diet and administered IJTAA 500 ㎎/㎏/day/mouse during 7 weeks, Sample B group was fed high fat diet and administered IJTAA 700 ㎎/㎏/day/mouse during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. In Sample A group and Sample B group, There were significantly decreased in body weight, serum total cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level and serum phospholipid level in comparison with Control group. 2. In Sample A group and Sample B group, There were significantly increased in serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. 3. In Sample A group and Sample B group, There were decreased in serum LDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. According to above results, I suggest IJTAA is able to be used for managing obesity by controllong body weight, serum total cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level and serum phospholipid level.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2003

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Seunggijoui-tang on the weight of obese rats induced by high fat diet. A series of experiments have been conducted in order to measure the effects of above the body weight, serum and fat cell. The measurements have been performed on; (1) the increasing amount of body weight; (2) the quantity of total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum; (3) the size of the epididymal fat cell and the fat drops area in hepatic lobule. In the SG I (Group fed high fat diet and administered 42.5mg/100g extract of Seunggijoui-tang during 8 weeks), the weight decreased significantly throughout the whole research period. In the SG I & SG II (Group fed high fat diet and administered 85mg/100g extract of Seunggijoui-tang during 8 weeks), the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid, phospholipid, LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly in comparison with control group. In the SG I, the serum free fatty acid decreased significantly in comparison with control group. In the SG I & SG II, the serum HDL-cholesterol decreased in comparison with control group, but this result showed no efficacy. In the SG I, the epididymal fat cell decreased significantly in comparison with control group. In the SG II, the fat drops area in hepatic lobule of rats decreased significantly in comparison with control group. Based on the above result, it is assumed that the clinical application of Seunggijoui-tang can help the treatment of obesity.