• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.667-670
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• 2005

The proximate analysis, amino acid content and true amino acid digestibility and TMEn for poultry of adult Field crickets Gryllus testaceus Walker, were investigated. The insect was also used as partial replacement of protein supplements in the broiler diet on an equal CP percentage and TMEn basis. The results indicated that the adult insect contained: crude protein 58.3%; fat 10.3%, chitin 8.7% and ash 2.96% on dry matter basis, respectively. The total amounts of methionine, cystine and lysine in the Field crickets were 1.93%, 1.01% and 4.79%, respectively, and their true digestibility coefficients, determined in cecectomized roosters, were 94.1%, 85% and 96%, respectively. The TMEn of this insect meal was 2,960 kcal/kg determined in cecectomized roosters. When cornsoybean meal diets were formulated on an equal CP percentage and TMEn basis, up to 15% Field cricket could replace control diet without any adverse affects on broiler weight gain, feed intake or gain:feed ratio from 8 to 20 d posthatching.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was secondary analysis to explore about risk factors with breast cancer on a basis of primary literature. Methods: This study was searched articles by using CINAHL, MEDLINE, Riss4u, Internet website regarding breast cancer. This study searched for the journal published in Korea and foreign countries from 2000 to 2008, about risk factors of breast cancer. This study was reviewed 42 articles (5 experimental study, 35 survey, 1 qualitative study, 1 report) suitable for the research objectives. Results: Magnitude of risk breast cancer (++) was age, geographic region, family history, mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 genes and in other penetrance genes, radiation, history of benign breast disease, late age of menopause, early age of menarch, nulliparity and older age at first birth, high mammographic breast density, high insulin-like growth factor 1 level. Magnitude of risk factor (+) was hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptives use, obesity, tall stature, alcohol consumption, high prolactin level, high saturated fat and well-done meat intake, polymorphisms in low penetrance gene, high socioeconomic status. Conclusion: A breast cancer screening protocol according to magnitude of risk factors is needed for disease prevention. The nurses need to educate and counsel women with risk factors of breast cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.14-35
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• 2000

There have been growing interests in olive oil, which is attributed to the beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet. Numerous studies suggest that oleic acid, the major fatty acid in olive oil, may contribute to less incidence of coronary heart disease(CHD) in the Mediterranean area. Although the major effects of high monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) consumption on lowered plasma cholesterol are generally attributed to the consequential replacement of saturated fatty acid in diets, some studies have shown a modest cholesterol lowering effect of MUFA alone when it replaces dietary carbohydrate at an equal amount of energy. Furthermore, MUFA increases the level of the protective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol more than polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) does when these two classes of fatty acids replace carbohydrates in the diet. It has been generally recommended that optimal dietary fat should be rich in MUFA, such as oleic acid, low in saturated fatty acids and provide adequate amounts of PUFA. However, no conclusive observations have been made yet mainly due to a difficulty in controlling the proportion of oleic acid without adjusting the levels of the other fatty acids to be constant, which could also affect plasma cholesterol levels. Recent findings also suggest that dietary PUFA results in higher tendency toward lipid peroxidation whereas with MUFA the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative stress is reduced. More studies are needed to clarify the effects of MUFA on reducing the incidence of CHD.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2020

The definition of meat analog refers to the replacement of the main ingredient with other than meat. It also called a meat substitute, meat alternatives, fake or mock meat, and imitation meat. The increased importance of meat analog in the current trend is due to the health awareness among consumers in their diet and for a better future environment. The factors that lead to this shift is due to low fat and calorie foods intake, flexitarians, animal disease, natural resources depletion, and to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Currently, available marketed meat analog products are plant-based meat in which the quality (i.e., texture and taste) are similar to the conventional meat. The ingredients used are mainly soy proteins with novel ingredients added, such as mycoprotein and soy leghemoglobin. However, plant-based meat is sold primarily in Western countries. Asian countries also will become a potential market in the near future due to growing interest in this product. With the current advance technology, lab-grown meat with no livestock raising or known as cultured meat will be expected to boost the food market in the future. Also, insect-based products will be promising to be the next protein resource for human food. Nevertheless, other than acceptability, cost-effective, reliable production, and consistent quality towards those products, product safety is the top priority. Therefore, the regulatory frameworks need to be developed alongside.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2017

Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extract has been reported to have estrogenic activity and beneficial effects in postmenopausal women requiring estrogen replacement therapy. This study investigated the effects of A. triphylla extract on cognitive function in ovariectomized mice. Water extracts from A. triphylla were administrated to ovariectomized mice fed a high fat diet for 6 weeks. The step through latency time in the passive avoidance test was shortened in ovariectomized mice as compared with sham-operated mice. However, administration of A. triphylla extracts had a tendency to prolong the latency time in ovariectomized mice. Moreover, A. triphylla supplementation caused a significant decrease in mean escape latency in the water maze test. These results indicate that A. triphylla could be used to improve estrogen deficiency-related learning and memory impairments in postmenopausal women.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of using emulsion manufactured with soybeans (ES) to substitute chicken breast in Vienna sausages. Four types of Vienna sausages (S1: 10% ES and 50% chicken, S2: 20% ES and 40% chicken, S3: 30% ES and 30% chicken, and S4: 40% ES and 20% chicken) for this study were made. The pH, color, proximate composition, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), microphotographs, cooking yields, and texture profile analysis of sausages were examined. The pH value of uncooked and cooked sausages increased significantly with increasing ES content (p<0.05). The crude protein contents of S2, S3, and S4 were significantly higher than that of the control (p<0.05). Furthermore, the SDS-PAGE results showed that α-conglycinin, β-conglycinin, and the acidic subunit of glycinin all increased with increasing ES content. Microphotographs revealed that increasing the ES content decreased the size of fat globules. The cooking yields of samples increased significantly with increasing ES content (p<0.05). The hardness values of ES treated samples were significantly lower than that of the control (p<0.05). Therefore, 30% substitute of chicken breast with ES can improve the quality and structure of Vienna sausage, without inducing critical defects.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.399-406
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary ginger and Scutellaria on antioxidant capacity and IgG concentration in plasma and colostrum of sows. Twenty-four sows (Landrace $\times$ Yorkshire) in parity 2 were assigned to 3 treatment groups (8 sows per treatment) from 30 day before farrowing up to weaning on day 21 after farrowing. The treatment diets included 1) CON (Basal diet), 2) GDP (0.3% ginger dry powder was used as the replacement of wheat in basal diet) and 3) SDP (0.3% Scutellaria dry powder was used as the replacement of wheat in basal diet). No differences were found in antioxidant capacity and IgG concentration in plasma of sows among all the three treatments. Antioxidant capacity in colostrum was not affected by replacement of ginger and Scutellaria dry powder. IgG and protein concentration in colostrum was significantly higher (P<0.05) in GDP than that in CON and SDP. However, fat and lactose concentration were not affected by treatments. The total amino acid concentration in colostrum was significantly higher (P<0.05) in GDP than that in CON and SDP. Plasma antioxidant capacity was not affected by treatments in piglet on 0 day and 21 day, but tended to increase by supplementation of ginger. On 0 day, plasma IgG in piglet was not detected by replacement of ginger and Scutellaria dry powder. However, plasma IgG concentration in piglets on 21 day was significantly higher (P<0.05) in GDP than that in CON and SDP. These results indicate that colostrum IgG concentration in sows and plasma IgG concentration in piglets were improved by feeding ginger dry powder 30 days before farrowing in comparison to basal diet.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.4 s.100
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• pp.537-550
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• 2007

In a previous study, isoflavones showed prominent physiological effects on diabetes, hyperlipemia, and alcoholic hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to develop isoflavone-rich bean sprout- and isoflavone extract-containing foods, to improve symptoms of diabetes and hyperlipemia. The foods employed were yogurt, bread, and cookies. Through sensory evaluations, the ingredient amounts were determined. In the sensory evaluations of the yogurt and bread, overall taste scores decreased with increasing amounts of bean sprout powder. However, for the cookies, the overall taste score increased with an increasing amount of bean sprout powder, and the addition of isoflavones had no influence on flavor. The results indicated the following ingredient levels for ultimate product development. For the yogurt, 100 mL of low fat milk was fermented at $50^{\circ}C$ for 36 hr, and mixed with 0.5 g of roasted bean sprout powder and 31 mg of isoflavone extract. For the bread, bean sprout powder was added to wheat flour at a replacement level of 10%, which was mixed with 12 g of butter and 124 mg of isoflavone extract for 200 g of dough. For the cookies, the bean sprout powder was added to wheat flour at a replacement level of 60%, and then mixed with 15 g of butter and 124 mg of isoflavone extract for 100 g of dough. The total isoflavone contents of the yogurt, bread, and cookies were 14.35 mg/100 mL, 38.24 mg/100 g, and 190.00 mg/100 g, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.543-548
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• 2002

Fresh elephant grass was replaced by urea treated rice straw (UTRS) to evaluate the effects on milk production of crossed lactating cows. A total of 16 crossbred F1 cows (Holstein Friesian ${\times}$ Vietnamese Local Yellow), with a body weight of about 400 kg and lactation number from three to five, were used in the experiment. The experimental cows were blocked according to the milk yield of the previous eight weeks and divided into 4 homogenous groups. The experiment was conducted with a Latin Square design with 4 treatments and 4 periods. Each period was 4 weeks, with 2 weeks of feed adaptation and 2 weeks for data collection. The ratio of concentrate to roughage in the ration was 50:50. All cows were given constant amounts of elephant grass dry matter (DM), with ratios of 100% grass without UTRS (control treatment 100G), and 75% grass (75G), 50% grass (50G) and 25% grass (25G) with ad libitum UTRS. Daily total DM intake on 100G, 75G, 50G and 25G was 12.04, 12.31, 12.32 and 11.85 kg, and the daily ME intake was 121.6, 121.5, 119.4 and 114.3 MJ, respectively. The daily CP intake was similar for all treatments (1.85-1.91 kg). There was a difference (p<0.05) in daily milk yield between the 25G and the 100G and 75G (11.7 vs. 12.6 and 12.5 kg, respectively). Milk protein concentration was similar for all treatments, while a tendency to increased milk fat concentration following the increase of UTRS ratio was observed. The cows gained 4-5 kg body weight per month and showed first oestrus 3-4 months after calving. The overall feed conversion for milk production was not affected by ratio of UTRS in the ration. It is concluded that replacement of green grass by UTRS with a ratio of 50:50 for crossbred lactating cows is as good as feeding 100% green grass in terms of milk yield, body weight gain and feed conversion. UTRS can preferably replace green grass in daily rations for crossbred dairy cows in winter to cope with the shortage of green grass, with the ratio 1:1.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase ($Natuphos^{(R)}$) supplementation in combination with carbohydrases (composed of enzymes targeted to soybean meal (SBM) dietary components such as $\alpha$-galactosides and galactomannans; $Endo-Power^{(R)}$) to corn-soybean meal based diet (CSD) and complex diet (CD) with a partial replacement of SBM with rape seed meal (RSM) and cotton seed meal (CSM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 168 growing pigs averaging $13.18{\pm}1.77kg$ of initial body weight was arranged as a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with main effects of diet types (corn-SBM based diet (CSD) and complex diets (CD; 5% of SBM was replaced with 2.5% of RSM and 2.5% of CSM in diet for phase I (0 to 3 weeks) and 6% of SBM was replaced with 3% of RSM and 3% of CSM in diet for phase II (4 to 7 weeks))) and enzyme supplementation (none and 0.1% of phytase (500 FTU/kg diet) and 0.1% of carbohydrases). The diet with enzyme application were formulated to have a 0.18% unit lower aP than diets without enzyme application. Each treatment had three replicates with 14 pigs per replicate. To determine supplementation effect of phytase and carbohydrases on ileal amino acid digestibility of SBM, RSM and CSM, a total of 18 T-cannulated pigs (initial body weight; $13.52{\pm}1.24kg$) were assigned to six dietary treatments in the present study. Dietary treatments in metabolic trial included 1) SBM diet, 2) SBM diet+with enzymes (phytase (500 FTU/kg) and carbohydrases at 0.1%, respectively), 3) CSM diet, 4) CSM diet+enzymes, 5) RSM diet and 6) RSM diet+enzymes. During whole experimental period (0 to 7 wks), there was no difference in growth performance between diets (CSD and CD). However, dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved gain/feed ratio (G:F) of growing pigs. During the phase II (4-7 weeks), dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved all fecal nutrient digestibilities (Dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)). Dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation improved significantly overall ileal amino acid digestibilities of SBM, RSM and CSM based diets (p<0.05). The simultaneous inclusion of phytase and carbohydrases in both of CSD and CD reduced feed cost per kg body weight gain (FCG). Also, results suggest that 2.5 to 3% of RSM and CSM, respectively, might be used as a protein source in growing pig diets without having an adverse effect on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility and simultaneous phytase and carbohydrases addition improves nutritional value of SBM, RSM and CSM by improving ileal amino acid digestibilities.