• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.116-132
• /
• 2008

Objective: This study investigated the effects of Bimanbang-1 (肥滿1號方: here in after referred to BMB-1) on the obese gene and obese inhibitory. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were induced by high fat diet. Mice were divided into three groups (normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with BMB-1 extract) and fed for 15 weeks. Items of this experimental study are as follows: body weight change, final body weight, the weight change of the adipocytes in body, the level change of LFT, NEFA and creatinine, the expression of ${\beta}3AR$ and leptin gene in primary adipocytes, the production change of leptin in primary adipocytes, the expression of ${\beta}3AR$, leptin and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in adipocytes tissue. Result: 1. All experimental groups showedthat the weight change decreased considerably and the high density group showedthat the final weight decreased considerably. 2. The high density group showed that the amount of the adipocyte in weight decreased considerably. 3. All experimental groups showedthat the amount of ALT decreased considerably, and AST decreased in the high density group. However, the amount of creatinine and glucose did not increase considerably. 4. All experimental groups showed that the amount of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and NEFA decreased, and HDL-cholesterol increased considerably. 5. The high density groups showedthat the amount of leptin decreased considerably. 6. All experimental groups showed that the revelation of ${\beta}3AR$ in primary adipose cell and 3T3-L1 cell increased considerably, and that the revelation of leptin and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in primary adipose cellsand 3T3-L1 cells decreased considerably. 7. All experimental groups showed that the size of adipocyte in adipocytes tissue decreased. 8. All experimental groups showed that the adipose vacuoles in liver tissue decreased considerably. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Bimanbang-1 causes weight loss and histological change, thus it may be effective to treat obesity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aquatic exercise on body composition, fitness and pulmonary function. Subjects were seven spasticity cerebral palsy(18-20years). The aquatic exercise program consisted of 11 items, and performed for 30-40mins in a bout, 4 times a week at the intensity of HRmax($40-65\%$) for 12 weeks. And the change of body weight, %fat, fat mass, hand grip, sit up, sit and reach, close eyes foot balance and side step have been measured before and post exercise 12 weeks. Paired t-test was performed for data analysis at the 0.051eve1 of significance. The following results as; First, body compositions(body weight, $\%$fat and fat mass) were decreased significantly after 12 weeks(p< .05). Second, muscle endurance, balance and flexibility were increased significantly after 12 weeks(p< .05, p< .01), respectively. Third, vital capacity was increased significantly after 12 weeks(p< .05). These results suggest that the aquatic exercise programs are applicable to the spasticity cerebral palsy with abnormal movement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.8
• /
• pp.1010-1014
• /
• 2007

This study was designed to determine the trans fatty acid (tF A) contents of 41 take-out food items in Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Total fatty acid composition and tFA contents of samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after fat extraction (Folch method). Maximum fat content among the observed samples was obtained from theater popcorn (13.74${/cdot}$38.09%) while minimum content was observed from the glutinous rice doughnut. 31${/cdot}$5.44%). The contents of tFA (g/100 g food) in toasts, glutinous rice doughnut and ggwabaegi (twisted doughnut sold in streets) ranged from 0.02 to 0.56 g while those in fried sweet potatostick (from highway resting place), fried squid and theater popcorn ranged from 0.05 to 3.08 g/100 g. As a result, most samples showed the tFA content as less than 1 g (g/100 g food) except one sample from theater popcorn which contained 3.08 g (g/100 g food) as tFA content.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.634-641
• /
• 2007

In order to investigate the effects of Bogigambi-tang(here in after referred to BGGBT) on the obese gene and obese inhibitory, C57BL/6 mice were induced by high fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups(normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with BGGBT extract) and fed for 15 weeks. Items of this experimental study are as follows. Body weight change, final inclose of body weight, the weight change of the adipocytes in body, the level change of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, free fatty acid and creatinine, the expression of ${\beta}$3AR and leptin gene in primary adipocytes, the production change of leptin in primary adipocytes, the expression of ${\beta}$3AR and leptin in adipocytes tissue. The following results have been obtained All experimental group have shown that the weight and the final increase of weight have decreased considerably. All experimental group have shown that the amount of the adipocyte in weight has decreased considerably. All experimental group have shown that the amount of leptin has decreased considerably. All experimental group have shown that the revelation of ${\beta}$3AR in primary adipose cell and 3T3-L1 cell has increased considerably, and that the revelation of leptin in primary adipose cell and 3T3-L1 cell has decreased considerably, All experimental group have shown that the size of adipocyte in adipocytes tissue has decreased. The high density group have shown that the adipose vacuoles in liver tissue has decreased considerably, and that the cell nucleuses has similar with normal group.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.939-946
• /
• 2009

This study is to classify the shape of the body by means of the drop value of the middle-age women. Drop value is based on the circumstances of the body deciding the dimentions of the clothes. Therefore, the study based on the drop value seems to decided the measurement of the clothes in making mass production of ready made clothes. In order to put measure items on this study of the value on 'The fifth survey of body measure of Korean', select 785 people in middle-aged women aged from 40 to 59. And considering the characteristic of upper-drop and lower-drop, and swelling belly by accumulated fat, selected five items(Bust Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Bust Circumstance, Waist Circumstance(Omphalion) - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance(Omphalion)). The result of the study is summarized as follows. Type 1, M type of the body showed the distribution of 32.5% and belonged to low body development style. The line of human body is the nearest of the four bodies in middle-age woman out of whole shapes of 4 types and the line of human body is close to middle-age woman. Type 2, X type of the body showed the distribution of 40.8% and the line of human body remarkably showed. Type 3, H type of the body showed the distribution of 12.4% and the line of human body appears least. This group was larger than any other group in having more fat in the belly above the circumstance of the hip than other groups. Type 4, Y type of the body showed the distribution of 14.4%. This type was upper half of body development style, waist was slender, and there was seldom the bend around the circumstance of belly and hip.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.493-502
• /
• 2009

This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutrient intake and attention deficit hyperactivity (ADH) of children suffering atopic dermatitis. We examined clinical symptoms as well as the status of ADH and the dietary intake of 47 children with atopic dermatitis aged between 4 and 6 against 84 children in the control group. Family history of the atopic dermatitis group was significantly higher than the control group. There was no significant difference between the diet habit of the two groups. The daily energy intake of the atopic dermatitis group and the control group were 1,189.7 kcal and 1245.0 kcal, respectively. There was no significant difference between the nutrient intake of the two groups. In regards to the clinical symptom items, the point for 'anxieties' was 0.5 in the atopic dermatitis group, which was significantly higher than 0.3 of the control group (p<0.05). In terms of the detailed items in ADH assessed by kindergarten teachers, the point for 'changeable feeling' was 0.8 in the atopic dermatitis group, which was significantly higher than 0.5 of the control group (p<0.05). As for the correlation among nutrient intake, the ADH score and clinical symptoms, total fat intake (p<0.05) and animal fat intake (p<0.05) showed a significantly negative correlation with the point of ADH assessed by the teachers, while the intake of fiber (p<0.05) displayed a significantly negative correlation with the point of ADH assessed by the parents. Since atopic dermatitis and ADH may be caused by the same dietary factors, it will be necessary to conduct more studies in this field in the future. In addition, appropriate nutrition management will be necessary for children in the growing period who suffer from atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Driven by a growth of single-person households and individualized lifestyles, solo dining in restaurants is an increasingly recognizable trend. However, a research gap exists in the comparison of solo and group diners' menu-decision making processes. Based on the self-control dilemma and the temporal construal theory as a theoretical framework, this study compared the ordering intentions of solo vs. group diners with healthy vs. indulgent (less healthy) entrées. The mediating role of consumption orientation and the moderating role of amount of menu nutrition information were further explored to understand the mechanism and a boundary condition. Methods: A scenario-based online survey was developed using a 2 (dining social context: solo vs. with others) × 3 (amount of menu nutrition information: no nutrition information vs. calories vs. calories/fat/sodium), between-subjects, experimental design. Consumers' level of nutrition involvement was controlled. A nationwide survey data (n = 224) were collected from a crowdsourcing platform in the U.S. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance, independent t-test, univariate analysis of covariance, and moderated mediation analyses. Results: Findings reveal that solo (vs. group) diners have less (vs. more) intentions to order indulgent menu items due to a more utilitarian (vs. more hedonic) consumption orientation in restaurant dining. Findings also show that solo (vs. group) diners have more (vs. less) intentions to order healthy menu items when the restaurant menu presented nutrition information including calories, fat, and sodium. Conclusions: The findings contribute to the literature of foodservice management, healthy eating, and consumer behavior by revealing a mechanism and an external stimuli of solo vs. group diners' healthy menu-decision making process in restaurants. Furthermore, the findings provide restauranteurs and health professionals with insights into the positive and negative impacts of menu nutrition labelling on consumers' menu-decisions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.222-229
• /
• 2001

This study describes the application of the stages of change construct to fat intake by examining the associations of the stages of change with nutritional status and beliefs on health behavior. Data were obtained from apparently healthy 596 adults(326 females and 270 males) residing in large cities. Stages of change assessed by an algorithms based on 6 items were designed each subject into one of the 5 stages: precontemplation(PC), contemplation(CO), preparation(PR), action(AC) and maintenance(MA). Beliefs on health behavior were assessed by self efficacy as well as 4 belief scales from the Locus of Illness Control(LIC) developed using factor analysis such as internal disease cure and prevention and external disease cure and prevention. Energy and fat intakes were measured by a 39 item short form food frequency questionnaire. Regarding the 5 stages of change, MA stage comprised the largest group(37.9%), followed by Ac(30.7%), PC(11.4%), CO(10.4%) and PR(9.6%). Subjects who were females, older or healthier were more likely to belong to either AC or MA. Stage assignment of individuals was corroborated by their nutritional variables. Those in PC had the most energy and fat and those in MA ate the least for females. BMI was higher in PR than any other stages for both males and females. Those in PC were distinctive in that they were more externally oriented in terms of health control showing higher scores on external disease prevention(for males) and external disease cure(for females), and lower score on internal disease cure. On the other hand, those in MA received the highest scores on internal disease prevention and self efficacy, which suggested that they were more internally oriented. Canonical discriminant function analysis indicated that the 5 stages were importantly discriminated by BMI, self efficacy, internal disease prevention and external disease prevention for males and by fat intake, self efficacy and external disease cure variables for females. The results of our study confirm differences in stages of change in fat intake in terms of nutritional status and beliefs on heath behavior and indicate the need for taking these phases of change into account in nutrition advice. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 222-229, 2001)

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.121-134
• /
• 2010

This study was performed to develop the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) for assessing the usual dietary intake of Korean adolescents. For that, we used 24 hour recall data from the 2005 NHANES(the Third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). The cumulative percent contribution and cumulative multiple regression coefficients of 17 nutrients(energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, retinol, ${\beta}$-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C) of each food were computed. Among 687 food items, 265 food items were selected and grouped depending on similarities in ingredients, nutrient profiles, and/or culinary usage and re-added food items which were excluded for seasonal effect. Finally, total 19 food groups, 87 food items, were included in SQFFQ. Food intake frequency was quantified using nine categories. The portion size was classified depending on the average size of each selected food item. Each portion size was then categorized as one of three amounts: small (0.5 times), medium (1 times), and large (1.5 times). The SQFFQ covered 91.9% of the intake of 17 nutrients in 2005 NHANES and 86.6% in 2001 NHANES. Therefore, by testing the validity of developed SQFFQ using nutrient intakes, this list was valid to evaluate the usual daily intake in Korean adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.773-782
• /
• 2011

A food list representing the typical diet of Koreans was developed for a total diet study based on the 687 food items which appeared in the dietary intake data collected during the 2008 & 2009 Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey. Food items included in 90% of the cumulative intake, items with a consumption frequency of 5% or higher and items contributing to 80% of cumulative fat intake were considered first. From the resulting 165 food items, 15 items were removed to avoid similar foods, while 10 distinct items were added to increase the efficiency of 'best-fit' mapping. Consequently, 160 items were selected as representative foods, which cover 90.93% of intake amount, 91.36% of energy intake and 89.05% of fat intake. Given that every food consumed by Koreans can't be analyzed for contaminants of interest, mapping other foods to the previously mentioned representative 160 foods is warranted because it enables a more comprehensive dietary exposure assessment that is close to reality.