• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 2004

The effects of liquid culture of Agaricus blazei Murill on the weight gains, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations were studied in male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were given four different types of diets for 6 weeks, respectively: a normal diet group, a high fat control diet group (normal diet+15% lard +0.5% cholesterol), a 30% or 40% A. blazei diet groups (high fat control diet+30% or 40% A. blazei in water) according to the levels of A. blazei supplementation. The body weight gains, food intake, food efficiency ratios, and the liver, kidney, and epididymal fat pad weights of the rats fed 30% or 40% A. blazei diets were similar to those of the rats fed high fat control diet. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index in rats fed the 30% or 40% A. blazei diets were significantly decreased compared with those of rats fed the high fat control diet. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios of the rats fed 30% or 40% A. blazei diet were significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the high fat control diet. The fecal excretion of total lipid . in the rats fed 40% A. blazei diet was significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the high fat control diet. The concentrations of serum total lipid in the rats fed 40% A. blazei diet was significantly lower than that in the rats fed high fat control diet. But the concentrations of serum HDL-cholesterol, hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride of rats fed the 30 or 40% A. blazei diets were similar to those of rats fed the high fat control diet. These results showed that the 30 or 40% A. blazei diets feeding decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum of rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.487-493
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effects of a diet with a red yeast sweet potato supplement on fecal amount and lipid metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Rats were fed a high-fat diet (15% fat) with additional lard (7%) and cholesterol (1%) based on AIN-93G basal diet (7% fat) for 6 weeks during the first phase. In the second phase, which lasted 4 weeks, the rats divided into four experimental groups which were composed of a high-fat diet group as a control (CON), a high-fat diet with 5% white-fleshed sweet potato supplement group (WFSP), a high-fat diet with 5% red yeast sweet potato supplement group (RYSP), and a high-fat diet with 5% purple-fleshed sweet potato supplement group (PFSP). The fecal amount of group RYSP increased significantly during the second phase compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The fecal total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) content of group RYSP were also highest among all experimental groups. The serum TC and TG were shown to have the lowest levels in the group RYSP, and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in groups RYSP and PFSP than in group CON (p<0.05). These results indicate that supplementation with red yeast sweet potato seemed to be effective in increasing feces and fecal lipid excretion, and also in decreasing serum lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat diet.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop a new animal model with Kidney-hypofunction for Sasang Constitutional Medicine, especially for partial Soyangin(one of four constitution which has good digestive function and poor renal function) by Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction, and to estimate the factor related to obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Methods: The C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups : normal group, high fat diet(HFD) control group, and HFD group with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction(UUO). Then, the HFD control group and the experimental group were fed with high fat diet for 6 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured at regular time by week. After the final experiment, blood was gathered for bloodchemical examination and organs(liver, fatty tissue) were remoed, weighted, and mRNA was analyzed with real-time PCR. Results: The weight growth rate with High fat diet went down by 8.35% in experimental group and had similar FER with the normal group, while HFD control group had higher weight growth rate and FER than any other groups. Also The experimental group had lower triglyceride and LDL cholesterol rate and higher glucose rate in serum. and in mRNA expression, GLUT-9, the protein related to excretion of uric acid and metabolic syndrome, expressed lower rate than that of HFD control group. and IL-6, a kind of cytokine related to obesity and metabolic syndrome, expressed more than HFD control group. Conclusions: It was found that Kidney-hypofunction animal-experimental model is susceptible to metabolic syndrome.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate effects of the experimental mixture containing soybean peptides, L-carnitine and Garcinia Cambogia extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) of eight weeks old were raised for four weeks with high fat diet (40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats were feed control (C) diet, containing either 0.16% (+1D), 1.6% (+10D), 8% (+50D) of experimental mixture for eight weeks. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. The Body weight gain was significantly lower in experimental mixture diet group compared to control group. Weights of perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad in the +50D group were significantly lower than those in the +1D and +10D groups. Plasma total lipid and liver total cholesterol levels in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol excretions were highest in +50D group. These results suggest that the experimental mixture containing peptides, L-carnitine and Garsinia Canbogia extract is effective for reducing the body weight and adipose tissue weight which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and the increased fecal excretion of lipid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of powdered young barley leaf and its water extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in high-fat fed mice. Male mice were divided into normal group, high-fat (HF) group, high-fat group supplemented with powdered young barley leaf (HF-YBL) and high-fat group supplemented with water extract of the powdered young barley leaf (HF-WYBL). The powdered young barley leaf or its water extract was added to a standard diet based on 1% dried young barley leaf (1 g YBL/100 diet and 0.28 g WYBL/100 g diet) for 8 weeks. Supplementation of YBL and WYBL significantly reduced body weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight in high-fat fed mice. Food intake and daily energy intake were significantly lower in the YBL group than in the HF group. After 8 weeks, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the HF group than in the Normal group; however, both YBL and WYBL significantly lowered those of the high-fat fed mice. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol of the YBL and WYBL groups were significantly elevated compared to that of HF group. Both YBL and WYBL significantly increased fecal excretion of triglyceride in high-fat fed mice, whereas they did not affect fecal cholesterol concentration. The triglyceride levels of liver, adipose tissue and heart were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Supplementation of WYBL also lowered the kidney triglyceride and heart cholesterol concentrations compared to those of HF group. Hepatic lipid regulating enzyme activities, fatty acid synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase, were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Accordingly, these results suggest that YBL and WYBL improve plasma and organ lipid levels partly by increasing fecal lipid excretion and inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.560-567
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• 1996

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of indigestible dextrin on bowel function and serum lipid. Recently developed indigestible dextrin is water soluble dietary fiber obtained by heating and enzyme-treatment of potato starch with low viscosity. SD male rats weighing 80~85g were divided into three groups; control diet(IC), control +5% pectin(IP), control +5% indigestible dextin(ID). Experimental rats were fed one of the experimental diets ad libitum for six weeks. Weight gain, food intake, and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different among other groups. Those of ID tended to be higher than in IP and IC. Weights of liver, spleen and kidney were not significantly different among groups. Epididymal fat pads weight in W and ID tended to be lower than in IC. The weight of cecum was sinificantly higher in m than in other groups(p<0.05). The weight and length of large intestine tended to be higher in IP and ID than in IC. Total feces excretion of ID and If tended to be more than that of IC. Transit time was shorter in IP than in other groups. Serum total lipid, total cholesterol and TG levels were higher in IC group than other groups. The fecal excretion of lipid was significantly higher in IP than in other groups(p<0.05). That of ID tended to be more than that of IC, so fat apparent absorption of ID was lower than that of IC. Ca absorption were decreased more in IP than in other groups(p<0.05).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.688-696
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• 2018

Ginseng and probiotics have anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Absorption of ginsenoside and colonization of probiotics occur in the intestine. In this study, a mixture of fermented ginseng and two probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum BORI and Lactobacillus paracasei CH88, was administered to HFD-fed mice for 9 weeks. The mixture significantly suppressed weight gain (p < 0.05, n = 8) and lipid deposition in the liver and adipose tissues as well as increased the mice's food intake. The adipocyte size of the adipose tissue was significantly decreased in the mixture-fed group, especially when 0.5% fermented ginseng and $5{\times}10^8/ml$ of the two probiotics were used (p < 0.05, n = 10). The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in adipose tissue was efficiently downregulated in the mixture-fed group (p < 0.05, n = 4). The supplement also improved the mice's fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.05, n = 8) and total cholesterol feces excretion (p < 0.05, n = 8). The mixture of fermented ginseng and B. longum BORI and L. paracasei CH88 could have an anti-obesity effect and suppress lipid deposit in the liver and adipose tissues.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.433-439
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• 2001

Intakes and excretions of calcium and phosphorus were determined for 8 female adolescents(aged 16.3$\pm$0.5y; body mass index 20.4$\pm$1.3kg/$m^2$; body fat 33.3$\pm$2.5%; bone mineral density of lumbar spine in L2-L4; 0.96$\pm$0.08g/$\textrm{cm}^2$) when they consumed diets basal and high in calcium for 6 days each. All subjects consumed a basal Ca diet containing 800mg, Korean RDA level of the subjects, and a high Ca diet containing 1200mg, RDA plus 2 SDs of calcium intake. The diets provided 58% of energy intake as carbohydrate, 25% as fat, and 17% as protein. Food, urine, and fecal composites were collected during the last 3 days of each feeding period. Fecal excretion of calcium was significantly greater on the high Ca than on the basal Ca diet. Hence, apparent absorption rate was significantly lowered from 40.9% on the basal Ca diet to 33.1% on the high Ca diet. There was no significant difference in calcium retention between the two diet periods but it tended to be greater on the high Ca diet. However, excretions and retention of phosphorus did not show any significant difference even though intake was significantly increased from 1,253mg on the basal Ca diet to 1,583mg on the high Ca diet. The results indicate that higher calcium intake than the Korean RDA level is recommended for adolescents to meet peak bone mineral accretion and attain a desirable level of calcium retention. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 433~439, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.840-847
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• 2002

This study explored the effect of dietary levels of Na and Ca on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed a high fat/cholesterol diet containing three levels of Na (0.05, 0.1, 1.5%) and Ca (0.1, 0.5, 1.5%) for 9 weeks. Body weight gain was not influenced by dietary intake but water intake significantly increased in high Na supplementation. Systolic blood pressure was not influenced by dietary Na and Ca levels but was decreased by dietary low Na/high Ca levels at 9 weeks. Angiotensin-II level was affected by dietary Na level but not by Ca levels. Plasma Ca, Mg, K and Na levels were in the normal range regardless of dietary Na and Ca levels. Weight, and K and Na contents of the heart and kidney were not significantly different among those with different dietary Na and Ca levels. Ca and Mg contents of the heart and kidney were significantly higher in the normal Na/normal Ca group. Ca and Mg in the feces were higher in those with high Ca intake. Na in the feces was higher in those with high Na intake. Therefore, Na and Ca had different mechanisms in the hypertension/hyperlipidemia models, respectively. And we suggested that Mg must be supplemented when Ca intake was high because Mg excretion was increased by Ca supplementation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 1969

Since 1959 ${\beta}-aminoethylphosphonic$ acid was discovered in the living organism, the biosynthesis and biological functions of aminophosphonic acids have been extensively studied. The author designed and carried out this study for 14 weeks to find out the metabolic function of Ethylaminophosphonic acid (AEP) and it's utilization in the living body. Sixty rats, thirty males and thirty females aged $40{\pm}5$ days were divided into two parts, one for alanine supplemented as control group and the other for AEP as experimental group to compare metabolic pathway of ordinary amino acid with that of AEP. Both alamine and AEP group were divived into two subgroups according to the level of supplements, 0.1% and 0.2% of the diet. The major components of the diet in this study were composed of 20% casein, 72% Sugar, 4% fat, 4% salt Mixture, and all kind of Uitamins in adeguate amount. For comparision of biological values between experimental and control group in terms of body weight, uninary nitrogen, creatinine excretion and final orgam weight, there were no statically significant difference in these respects. This meant AEP could be utilized in the body as much as alanine could. Urinary phosphorus excretion was determined by developing the blue color to read on the Spectronic 20. Statistically insignificance in the urinary phosphorus excretion between experimental and control group was observed in spite of the supplementation of phosphorus of AEP for experimental group in the diet. The level of blood phosphorus was higher in experimental group than that in control group this result supported above result. In the analysis of fat and nitrogen contents in the liver, AEP group showed slightly higher than control in both respects. But it was noteworthy 0.2% AEP group in both sex were higher than 0.1% AEP in liver fat content. Histological examinal of internal organs liiver, lung, spleen, heart, kindey, adrenal and sex organs showed no changes in all groups included in this study. The group supplemented higher level of diet. by alanine 0.2% and AEP 0.2% stayed on less body weight gain and lower liver weight. This result could be interpreted that amino acid imbalanced condition was arose in the body.