• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to shed further light on the effect of modifiable health behavior risk factors on dependence in activities of daily living, defined in a multidimensional fashion. Methods: The study participants were 10,278 middle aged Americans in a longitudinal health study, the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS). A multi-stage probability sampling design incorporating the effect of population sizes (Metropolitan and non-metropolitan), ethnicity (the non- Hispanic White, the Hispanic, and the Black), and age (age 51-61) was utilized. Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were measured using five activities necessary for survival (impairment in dressing, eating, bathing, sleeping, and moving across indoor spaces). Explanatory variables were four health behavior risk factors included smoking, exercise, Body Mass Index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Results: Most participants at baseline were ADL independent (1992). 97.8% of participants were independent in all ADL's at baseline and 78.2% were married. Approximately 27.5% were current smokers at baseline, and the subjects reported moderate or heavy exercise were 74.8%. All demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors were significantly associated with the ADL status at Wave 4 except alcohol consumption. Risk behaviors such as current smoking, sedentary life style and high BMI at Wave 1 were associated with ADL status deterioration; however, moderate alcohol consumption tended to be more related to better ADL status than abstaining at Wave 4. ADL status at Wave 1 was the strongest factor and the next was exercise and smoking affecting ADL status at Wave 4. People who were in ADL dependent at Wave 1 were 15.17 times more likely to be ADL dependent at Wave 4 than people who were in ADL independent at Wave 1. Concerning smoking cigarettes, people who kept only light exercise or sedentary life style at Wave 1 were 1.70 times more likely to be died at Wave 4 than the people who did not smoke at Wave 1. Conclusions: All demographics and health behaviors at wave 1 had consistently similar OR trends for ADL status to each other except alcohol consumption. Smoking and exercise in health behaviors, and age and gender in demographics at Wave 1 were significant factors associated with ADL group separation at Wave 4.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.545-556
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensibility image of necktie according to width and color combination of checked pattern. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 18 color pictures, in which the width(small: 0.2cm, medium: 1cm, large: 2cm), tone combination(similar, contrast), and hue combination(WR: white+red, WB: white+blue, WG: white+gray) were manipulated. The 7-point scale was used for evaluation of sensibility image. The subjects of this research were 216 female college students living in Gyeongnam. The investigation was carried out at September 2009. The data were analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were ANOVA and Duncan-test. The results of this study were as follows.; The analyses of sensibility for necktie according to width and color combination of checked pattern revealed that the concerned factors are five characteristic dimensions of attractiveness, youth, appeal, elegance, and warmness. Width showed an independent effect on appeal. Tone combination showed an independent effect on attractiveness, appeal, elegance, and warmness. Interaction effects of width and tone combination on attractiveness were found. Hue combination showed an independent effect on all dimensions. In addition, significant interaction effects of width and hue combination on attractiveness, youth, appeal, and elegance were found. Significant interaction effects of tone combination and hue combination on attractiveness, youth, and appeal were found.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.381-412
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• 2017

Character conveys rich storytelling and various design elements. Domestic characters are changing and developing in various forms through SNS and offline sources, which are being developed in the aspect of contents industry. The purpose of this study is to find out and discuss the factors that character users are using Korean characters as storytelling and color factor. In terms of storytelling, they prefer adventure, fantasy, absurd and humorous stories. In terms of color, it seems that they prefer a character with simple and simple color/ warm color and warm / cute color composition. On the other hand, characters with a simple story, which is the main subject of early childhood education, fashion, or toys in the aspect of storytelling, are not preferred. In terms of color, it was shown that 4 or more colors were combined without a main color. These main colorless characters gave complex feelings that are not preferred. In terms of storytelling, it is necessary to develop and develop the contents of OSMU(One-source Multi use) through story development with adventure and fantasy structure. In terms of color, it is necessary to configure the user with a simple and simple color which is preferred by the users. Also, the assembly robot toy character needs to increase the satisfaction of the character through simple color composition. As a result of this study, the factors that satisfy the users in terms of storytelling and color are derived. These results will contribute to the development of theoretical aspects, storytelling aspects, and character design industry aspects. Despite the significance of the above paper, it was inevitable to limit the research on the analysis of the storytelling of specific characters, the research through the color analysis framework, the accurate data analysis on the color analysis, and the simple comparative analysis of one.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-68
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to survey the influence of the culture change on the dress and personal adornments, and to survey the change of factors from the August 15. 1945 to 1960, in connection with the social and cultural background, applying B. Malinowski′s "Theory of Culture Change" which means an acculturation is the change′s elements of the dress and its ornaments. It is remarkable that the dress and personal adornments of Korean women after August 15, 1945 has great change from the traditional dress of the thousands years. Through the Liveration on August 15, 1945, American military government and the establishment of the Korean government, American democracy has brought many changes on Korean society. Advancement of education, an society with developed economic life, and introduction of scientific skill have influenced on the women′s way of thinking and a style of behavior and the view of value. The acculturation, the supply of mass communication, introduction of new institution and the reorganization of the old institution, the change of the economic situation, the change of the educational system, the change of the point of value, the development of scientific skill have greatly influenced on the dress and personal adornments. Modern dress and personal adornments of Korean women has the following developing procedure. The Liberation from Japan on the 15th, of August, 1945, the stationing of American Soldiers during hte Koran War, returning of the oversea′s brethern, and the mass communication have the direct and indirect contact with western civilization, and bring the occasion of development of the modern dress of Korean women. The increase of mass communication, such as radio, TV, newspaper, magazines and the frequent fashion shows showed fine design and practical western style dress to the women. This was the real beginning of the western style dress in Korea. By the increase of employment and the improvement of the economic situation, the consumption of clothing and the adornments was increased, so that a wide variety of fashions was set, and numerous kind and form of dress came in. As the increase of the number of women students, their practical and free dress life demanded western style dress. After the Liberation from Japan, the open-door policy of sex, public morals and traditional ethics became lax, and in this disordered society, indecent expose of the body was common. By the different kind of technological development, the form, fabrics, colors and patterns in clothes were much influenced and the hair style, make up, shoes and adornments were much influenced too. As shown above, the change of the dress has the same connection with that of society and culture. This shows that the dress and personal adornments represent clearly the cultural phenomenon of the society and cultural change of the society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.33
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• pp.55-72
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• 1997

우리나라 복식산업의 전문인력 양식은 주로 대학교나 전문학원에서 이루어지고 있으며 수적인면에서는 충분한 인력이 양성되고 있다. 그러나 질적인 면에서 산업체에서 요구되는 역량을 가진 전문인은 부족한 편이다. 이에 따라 산업체의 요구에 부합하는 인력야성을위하여 교육과정의 개선이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실기교육 산학협력 및 산업체 현장실습이 활발히 이루어지고 있는 영국의 복식관련학과에 대하여 조사해 봄으로써 우리 교육의 개선방향을 모색하고자 한다. 영구의 경우 다양한 자격증 및 학위과정이 개설되어있으나 본 연구에서는 우리나라 학사학위에 해당되는 BA 및 Bsc만대상으로 하였으며 설문조사 문헌조사 및 사례연구를 통하여 현황 및 교과과정을 분석하였다 영국의 복식관련학과들은 그 교과과정 및 내용에 따라 크게 6개 전공분야로 분류되었으며 각 하과는 다시 세분화되어 전문성이 있는 교육이 이루어지고 있었다 또한 수업연한 및 과정의 형태에 따라 5개 유형으로 분류되었다, 이유형 중 특히 일년간의 현장실습을 학위과정으로 포함시켜 의무적으로 산업체에 근무하도록 되어있는 Sandwic Mode는 적극적인 산학협력의 한 형태로 매우 효율적으로 평가되는 교육체계이며 여러다른 학문 분야에서도 널리 활용되고 있는 체계이다. 교수진의 경우 전임교원이 수적인 면에서 다소 부족한 것으로 나타났으나 관련 산업체 인사 등을 시간강사로 고용함으로써 이를 보완 할 뿐 아니라 산학연계를 이루고 있었다. 또한 전임교원의 경우 주로 학사 혹은 석사의 학력을 가지고있었다. 그러나 모든 전임교수 뿐 아니라 시간강사의 경우도 산업체 경력을 필수 적으로 가지고있어 고학력위주의 우리나라 실정과는 매우 상이했다. 교과과정에 대한 사례연구에서 직물디자인에 집중된 2개 과의 교과과정을 보았으며 그중 한 개 과는 다시 편물 프린트 및 직물 디자인의 3분야로 세분화되어 심도 있는 교육이 이루어질 수 있는 것을 살펴보았다 또한 다른 3개의 예에서 볼수있듯이 2개 이상의 전공코스를 도입하여 공통과목과 전공 코스 과목을 둠으로써 시설 및 인적 자원의 활용 등 운영상 효율성을 추구함을 알수 있었다 또한 학생들의 경우 전문화된 코스의 선택을 할수 있게 하였다 이런 실례는 전문인력양성이 매우 필요하고 따라서 전공코스제의 도입의 필요성이 대두되고 있는 이시점에서 매우 유용하게 이용될수 있으리라고 생각된다. 영구의 교육이 우리나라 실정에 그대로 적용될 수는 없지만 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 시사점을 고려하여 우리교육을 개선해 나갈 수 있으리라고 생각한다. 첫째 교수진 인적 물적상황 및 지역적 상황등을 분석하여 각 대학별로 그 특성에 맞는 세분화되고 심도있는 전공교육과정을 개발 발전시켜 야 할 것이다 둘째 산업체 방문 산업체인사와의 면담 및 특강 등 산학협력을 좀더 적극적으로 모색하여야 할 것이다. 셋째 학생들의 산업체 현장 연수를 실질적으로 도입하여 산업체의 인력요구에 적극적으로 대처 할수 있어야 하겠다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.410-423
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• 2005

The southern coastal area of Korean peninsula maintains unique natural views, social environment and tourism infrastructure. Even though the coastal area has world-class tourism resources and a great potential for development, it was an outsider from the tourism development in Korea. The coast development has recently reemerged because of increased tourism demand in the Northeast Asia, however, increased interest for the outstanding marine tourism resources and the marine culture, improvement of accessibility to the coast Considering these characteristics, the southern coastal area will be grown to a marine resort-belt, which will serve as a marine tourism hub in the Northeast. In the long run, it can be developed for leisure residential space with environment-friendly well-being fashion, new growing area that continuously drives the local development and area for a mutual development between Yeongnam and Honam Region. To accomplish this vision, several strategic matters should be resolved. Mall strategic issues are as follows: the loosening related rules and regulations that limit the development, legislation of a special law for tourism promotion, supporting for investment in public service and strategic investment, establishment of a marine tourism route connecting China-Korea-Japan, formulating new planning for Hallyo-Haesang Marine Park, designation of special marine tourism development zone, and invitation of the World Expo 2012.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current states of interior design as a major at vocational high schools and to suggest ways in which it can be improved. Three hundred and four students and twelve teachers of two vocational high schools comprised the sample population for this study. Data was collected using two methods, questionnaires and interviews. Frequency distribution, mean, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study are as follows: The student respondents were more interested in studying residential design, furniture design and making, drafting and perspective drawing than other areas of study. Most teachers had difficulties teaching the subject of residential design because they were not well educated with this area. Surprisingly most students hoped to extend their education to a university or college after graduation, not to enter the workforce. According to teachers'responses, almost ninety percentage of students entered university or college. And more than two thirds of the students desired to study an interior design related major at the university level. Among graduates having jobs, half of them were working in interior design fields. If the students had to choose their jobs, they would work in interior design fields. The variables differentiating several related careers after graduation were school, grade, and sex. The students viewed interior design, interior coordination, and CAD related work as fields likely to enter upon graduating from vocational high schools; however, teachers viewed furniture making, interior accessorizing, and home fashion as fields more appropriate to the students'level of training. The teacher respondents criticized the textbooks in four categories; suitability with the students'level was average or below average; students'interest level and students'understanding level were average or above average; and whether the book was easy or difficult to be utilized for the purposes of teaching was also average or above average. The criticism was a little diverse depending on each book or each chapter. The teachers pointed out several problems using those books, such as insufficient examples or explanation, lack of coherence between some chapters, and an incompatibility with the allotted time frame in class. The merits of the textbooks varied such as a well organized structure, ability to generate students'interest. This study revealed that the strategy for improving the interior design major at vocational high schools should invoke, 1) dividing students into two groups-one to enter a university; the other to have jobs after graduation to focus their interests. 2) improving textbooks more appropriate to the students. 3) providing present teachers the opportunities for in-service training and hiring new teachers with credentials more suitable to educate students who desire to be interior designers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.278-287
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide with basic information on application of hand acupuncture as a complementary and alternative therapy by giving some recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture. And so, answers for questionnaires of 290 respondents were used for this research and collected from June 5 through 13, 1999 from adults twenty and over who were participating in the hand acupuncture training program in Seoul and had some direct experiences with hand acupuncture therapy, whatever they had been treated and/or had treated. To secure reliability of measurement tool. Cronbach'a has been calculated and Factor Analysis was done as Validity Analysis of question classification. Demograprucal characteristics of hand acupuncture experienced people and factors related to hand acupuncture experiences are calculated based on the real number and percentage. The degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture is made as average and standard deviation, while the degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness based on general characteristics come from one-way ANOVA. 1. According to socio-demographical analysis. the questioned could be classified firstly as age (40-49 : 32.5%. 30-39 : 24.9%. 50-59 : 21.9%. 60-69 : 14.7%. 20-29 : 6.0%). secondly gender (male 36.6%. female 63.4%). thirdly occupation (housewife: 43.8%. self-employed: 15.5%. company-employee: 14.8%). fourthly education (high school graduate: 41.9%, college graduate: 37.9%), and lastly monthly-income (1 to 2 million: 51.4%. 2 to 3 million: 20,3%) 2, As for the general aspects related to hand acupuncture. 80,0% of the respondents answered almost zero for the monthly average number of visit to hospital and 15.5% responded 1 to 2 visits, 6,2% of the respondents is complaining of a disorder of digestive system. 19,0% circulatory disease, 10.7% bad nervous system. By utilizing hand acupuncture, 84% of the questioned have following experiences in curing diseases: digestive system 47.3%, circulatory system 9.3%, nervous system 8.3%, 54,1% are curing 1 to 2 and 10.3% 3 to 4 patients on a daily basis with hand acupuncture. Research on the demerits of giving medical treatment with hand acupuncture shows 23,8% are feeling economic burden. 16.6% difficulty of learning and 16.2% weak theoretical backgrounds. 3. Among the efficiency recognition, possibility of general application is average 4,29 and simple treatment is 4,19. economic merits 4.36. possibility of establishment with supplementary and alternative medicine 4.17, medical effectiveness 4.09. 4, As a result of demographical analysis on the efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy, it appears that the recognition of efficiency based on occupation and the recognition of effectiveness based on monthly income are most significant to be noticed. In an orderly fashion. government-employee, self-employed, company-employee. and then housewife have perceived hand acupuncture very efficiently, And those who recognize hand acupuncture to be most effective are people earn 1 million to 2 million won a month, 5. The efficiency(p = .003) and effectiveness (p= .049) of hand acupuncture therapy by number of visit to hospital were statiscally significant, and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy by disease exist was statiscally significant (p= .033).

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluated the degree of job-related life style and stress of industrial workers to present fundamental materials of preventive oriental medicine. The medical examination with oriental medicine method was performed from October 14 to November 1, 2002 for the 474 industrial workers and general characters, life style and Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI) were collected by using self-recording type questionnaire. The results were as follows; 1) All 474 of subjects were male, job type was distributed into technician, 37.8% of them, white collar worker, blue collar worker, research worker in an orderly fashion. 2) As a result of comparison between the job types in general characters, research worker group was the highest in education level, above 10 years group in employee duration and 1.5-2.99 million won group in monthly income was the largest group in all job type and the distribution was significantly different. 3) Analyzing the difference in life style according to the job type shows that significantly highest prevalence of drinking alcohol was found in blue collar workers, they drank alcohol 2-4 times a week and that workers did not smoke in all group of job type and the prevalence of exercise was significantly high in less than 1 time a week. 4) Analyzing the difference in the degree of stress according to the job type shows that blue collar worker group had the highest score in Factor 1, Factor 4 fields, technician group had the highest score in Factor 2 field and the differences were significant. Considering above results, the present study shows that there are difference in life style and stress according to the job type in industrial workers and that health management according to job type must be required to improve health condition and to prevent disease of industrial workers in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.918-927
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions of modesty and immodesty in dress and to examine the differences in female college students' perceptions, in various cultures, of modest and immodest clothes. The researchers selected South Korea and the United States for the cross-cultural comparison study because these two countries show distinctive cultural characteristics. This study was conducted through both qualitative and quantitative methods. According to the result of the preliminary study, 47 questions were developed. The 4 Likert type scales used in the questionnaire were written in both English and Korean. Pretests were performed simultaneously in both countries. 174 American and 208 Korean students completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. According to the results of factor analysis, there were 4 factors identified for the modesty-immodesty concept, including 'Conservativeness', 'Body exposure', 'Social appropriateness', and 'Attracting attention from others'. Students answered that they liked to wear conservative and socially appropriate dress in both cultures and that they did not like to wear clothing which draws a great deal of attention to them. Cultural differences were also identified. Based on the results, American students dressed more conservatively than Korean students, while Korean students preferred to wear revealing dress. American students were more conservative and preferred modest clothing. Also Korean students were more open about their body exposure and had immodest clothing attitudes.