• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.17-32
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• 2004

The proportion of the elderly in rural area(21.7％) is four times more than that of the urban area (5.4％) in Korea. With this rapid aging of the population in rural Korea there has been growing concern about the quality of life of rural elderly. Compare to urban elderly, rural elderly experience many disadvantages, especially in terms of limited offering of social/educational programs. Their social/educational needs are rarely assessed and there are few programs geared to the needs of rural elderly. In this regard, this study aims (1) to identify education and activity program needs of the rural elderly related to three dimensions: Family life, Farming life, and Community activities and (2) to develop education and activity programs for the rural elderly based on the needs assessment. For this purpose, data are gathered from 413 rural elderly and 110 community welfare specialists, using a structured questionaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis are descriptive statistics, cross tables with SPSS wins 10.0 program. The major findings of this study are as follows: Majority(94.1％) of the rural elderly wants to participate in diverse social/educational programs. They want to have programs dealing with 'relationship enhancement with children', 'nutrition', 'health and care', 'farming skill', 'gardening', 'volunteering', etc. Based on these results, we develop eight types of education program and four types of activity program, according to the priority of their needs in each dimension. There are four sessions of Family life program, and four sessions of Community activities program. The effect of these programs will be evaluated by taking pretest and protest in local basis.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.257-270
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• 2016

This study was to investigate the perception and the usability of gardening program in a community for protection of school bullying at a middle school. The data collected from 640persons of middle school students, their parents, teachers, residents, NPO staffs for youth, active persons in urban agriculture and farming at 3communities during 2014.10.21.~2014.11.5. The degree on necessity of gardening program to protect school bullying were statistical significant different by age, garden experience, understanding and exchanging with youth and neighbors, keeping relationship or communication between school and family or residents. Most of parents, teachers prefer to increase the family counseling program by NPOs for protection of school bullying. On the contrary, concerns in urban agriculture and farming strengthened to cheer up gardening program for youth. In this study also, it was agreed that gardening program is useful for protection of school bullying and for stability of emotional safety for youth involving in middle school students. From these results, gardening program will be more contribution to communications and exchanges between school, student's family and their community persons as like neighbors, NPO staffs, concerns in urban agriculture and farming.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.665-680
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• 2016

Theoretically, it is said that economies of scope can be realized in the cropelivestock cycling organic farming. Thus, it is also used as the principle of organic farming. However, it is difficult to find the cases of the empirical analysis of it in Korea. In that sense, this study is meaningful in that it analyzed the agricultural data of case farms of obtaining the approval of both organic agricultural products and organic animal products and practicing cycling farming for 4 years and tested the hypothesis. This study measured economies of scope by using the actual measurement value and estimation value farming performance statistics for 4 years of case farms. This farmhouse conducted nutrient cycling in the farm like self-manufacturing and injecting organic agricultural byproduct and wild grass as organic livestock feed and fermenting organic livestock manure to organic compost to return it 100%. The results can be summarized as follows: According to the result of cycling farming of combining and producing organic agriculture and organic livestock, economies of scope were found to be realized in this case farmhouse. That is, although not strong, EOS>0, there were economies of scope. The measurement value appeared as 0.0722, 0.00378, 0.04667 and 0.13127 in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. It was improved as time passes and the scale gets smaller. Therefore, in order to further improve economies of scope, there should be measures of reducing duplication costs between agriculture-livestock as low as possible and lowering the production cost of organic feed. That is, there is a need for the management strategy to adjust the import function and cost function according to the change in management paradigm and cropping system.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.367-386
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• 2020

The significance of this study was to analyze the quality value of organic livestock pork for the first time based on the results of managing and testing the cycling organic farming of black pork and vegetables within farm for two years. The results of analysis could be summarized as follows. First, the pork of experimental group with crop-livestock cycling farming showed the excellent quality and high consumer preference compared to the control group of general pork or pork from non-crop-livestock cycling organic farming. In the content ratio of Omega-3 as a representative essential fatty acid, it was 1.46 that was about 2.8 times more than general pork (0.52). In case of Omega-6, it had about 2.5 times more than general pork. Especially, the U/S ratio value which was the content ratio of Unsaturated Fatty Acid (UFA, U) of Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA, S), was largely shown in pork (2.93) from cycling organic farming. Second, it would be necessary to maintain the economies of scope shown in crop-livestock cycling organic farming, and the high quality value of livestock products. For this, there should be a value chain model that could realize the economies of scope and economies of scale at the same time based on scaling and diversification through cooperative organization between farmers. Through this, it would be possible to establish a cycling model called 'community cooperative agriculture' by forming local internal markets through cooperation of production-processing and integration of distribution-sale-consumption. For the managerial activation of this cooperative organization, the government should promote/support the small crop-livestock cycling organic farming cooperative organization in local unit. For securing the reliability of crop-livestock cycling organic agricultural products and crop-livestock cycling organic livestock products, it would be necessary to review the introduction of Participatory Guarantee System (PGS).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 1980

In Korea, the collapse of traditional Patriarchal family system has caused the weakening the patriarchal authority which represents the decrease of traditional attitude of respect for old age, influenced by the strong tendency of Materialism in ethics. The urgent problem is how to solve the conflicts of the alienation almost every old people has felt from the society and family which they belong to and how to harmonize the respect for old age who used to have had in the past. From 21st to 30th of July 1979, I explored the small village in Cheju Island with eight students which I selected on purpose that village had preserved the traditionalism. I collected the interview data form a sample of 221 persons of the village in Cheju Island. I studied this small village in Cheju Island for the intention of suggesting the ideal model of regional society which both traditional and non-formal, although the phenomena of nuclear family system and materialism and industrialism are overwhelming in ur present society. Generally people in Cheju Island are economically poor and major occupation is farming, since the industrialization proceeds very slowly and there still strongly remains the traditionalism. Alienation and dissatisfaction of old people from their family and society in Cheju island are less common in comparison to the main land. Old people in Cheju Island usually value the importance of labour. Divison of labour has been well observed in farming, and men and women in Cheju island are equally regarded in comparison to the main land. Old people are independent economically and spiritually from their offsprings and they organize the nuclear family system firmly. Also the old generation is ready to compromise with the new generation and they defy the authoritariansim.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.33-45
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• 2013

This paper proposes strategy development to improve the management of Multicultural Family Support Centers by analyzing four Multicultural Family Support Centers (MFSCs) in Chungcheongnam-do. The research was conducted from September 2012 to January 2013. Future directions for the four MFSCs are established based on a SWOT analysis on both the internal and external environments of the centers. Various strategic directions for the four MFSCs were identified based on these analyses. For center A (urban type, college contract type), the strategic directions included the specialization strategy, systemization strategy, empowerment strategy, standardization strategy, and achievement maximization strategy. The strategic directions for center B (urban-rural combined type, social welfare center contract type) included the improvement of multiculture awareness, specialization strategy, human resource development strategy, and networking strategy. For center C (farming and fishing community type, direct management type by local authority), the strategic directions included the specialization strategy, activation strategy, qualification strategy, and networking strategy. For center D (farming and fishing community type, social welfare center contract type), the strategic directions included the specialization strategy, business standardization strategy, human resource development strategy, and network expansion strategy. The suggested management strategy development for the four MFSCs can provide implications for the management of MFSCs in other areas in Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.205-222
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze time-use of rural families. The data for 9l4 persons or 400 farm households in eight provinces were collected using time diary. The results were as follows. 1) The time-use of the farming season were different from that of the off-filming season in rural area. 2) In the case of farm wort the working hours of husband were significantly longer than those of wife during the farming and of-filming season. In contrast the working hours of wife for housekeeping were significantly longer than those of husband during both seasons. 3) The time spent of work by rural adults is much longer than average work hours of adults in general during the farming season. And the rural adults spend less time in leisure compared to the adults in general during the farming season.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.325-332
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• 2022

The aim of this research is to use a conceptual model to experimentally evaluate the mediating impact of government financial and training support on structural social capital and non-financial performance of family farms. Questionnaires were used to collect data from family farms in Guangxi, China, from August 25^th to September 8^th, 2021. There were 759 valid responses, accounting for 94.99 percent of the total number of respondents. The scales' reliability and validity, and the research's mediating effects and hypotheses, are tested using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 26.0. The findings suggest that the impact of government financial assistance on family farms' non-financial performance cannot be substantiated. The intermediary chain connection of financial and training support, on the other hand, has a significant mediating effect between structural social capital and family farm non-financial performance. Direct financial assistance could be thought to encourage family farms to rely too much on funding, making them less competitive in market competition, innovation, and long-term operations. According to the conclusions of the study, government assistance to family farms could take a variety of forms, including providing diversified skills training programs in farming practices, managerial skills, and other areas.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 1995

The first objective of this study is to examine the finanacial management practices of rural housewives. The second objective is to determine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on financial management practices. The Deacon & Firebaugh's model of family resource management framework and previous studies were used to determine the effects, regarding a9e, income, number of family, education level, and farming/nonfarming as independent/input variables, and monthly saving and managerial behavior index as dependent/throughput variables. A sample of 179 rural housewives aged less than 60 was selected from Shihung-Si Gyonggi-Do Province. Results showed that rural housewives more frequently did keeping bills, making purchase-list and verifying purchase need than recording where money spent making financial plan, and evaluating spending. With regard to household debt use, 60% of the sample had debt the most borrower used debt for farming, 73% of borrowers paid for their debt behind the schedule, and the main source of borrowing was NACF (NongHyup). Using installment credit, the rural housewives mainly bought cosmetics. 25% of the sample had credit cards. Average debt was 6, 070, 000 won, and 81% of annual income. In terms of saving, 85% of the sample saved, and 23% of the sample lived with the money after save. The main reasons of saving were for education and marriage of children and emergency. The main saving institutions were NACF and NLCF (ChukHyup). The regression showed that income was negatively associated with monthly saving, and age was identified as the positive determinants of managerial behavior index.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.19-32
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the organizational characteristic and workers characteristics of Family Business Organization on its Business Performance. The subjects of this study were workers of healthy family support centers and multicultural family support centers. A survey was conducted from July 30th to September 30th. A total 372 materials were used for analysis of final data and SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) WIN 18.0 program was employed in analyzing the collected data. As the result of analysing the effect of organizational characteristics and culture and characteristics of workers on business performance through hierarchical regression analysis, higher performance was achieved when the agency's organizational culture has the characteristics of a developed culture, and when the operating body is a school principal corporation rather than a non-profit corporation, and in the city rather than farming town, having enough information and external resources at the center, and when the job satisfaction of workers are high, and when organizational culture is more hierarchical. There were difference in the result of analysing the effect of organizational characteristic and culture and characteristic of workers on business performance. The level of service and business value of Family Service Organization was higher when the agency's organizational culture has the characteristics of a developed culture, hierarchical culture and agreement culture, and when operating body is a school principal corporation rather than a non-profit corporation, having enough information and external resources at the center, and the administrative skills of workers are higher. Business volume is increased when the operating body is a school principal corporation rather than a non-profit corporation, and in the city rather than farming town, and when the agency's organizational culture has the characteristics of hierarchical culture and agreement culture, having enough external resources at the center, and the practicing ability of workers are higher. When it comes to business efficiency, it is increased when the agency's organizational culture has the characteristics of developed culture and the job satisfaction of workers are high, having enough external and financial resources at the center. Therefore we will need to enhance business performance through improved management and job satisfaction of employees in organizational culture.