• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.435-453
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• 2008

The crop rotation is very important in the organic agriculture and the soybean crop should be included in the rotation. Even though the inoculation of the root can be performed by the soil inoculation in the soybean crop, the effect of the soil inoculation should be proved in the organic soil. For the research of the effects in the formation of the nodule of soybeans, the growth and the quantity through the inoculation into the soil, the field experiment was conducted in 2006 at Ipjang Experimental Farm of Dankook University. The number of nodule in the testing varieties of the inoculated soil plot was $1.4{\sim}2$ times larger than those in the non-inoculated soil plot. The number of nodule was decreased in the non-inoculated soil plot after R2 stage, but it was increased in the inoculated before R4 stage and it was decreased after then. The periodical change of weight of the nodule was shown as same as the number of nodule. The dry weight of inoculated was increased than non-inoculated in Daewonkong, but it was decreased than non-inoculated in Shinpaldalkong2 and SS2-2. The amount of chlorophyll of the inoculated soil plot was more than the non-inoculated soil plot by 9% in Daewonkong, but the inoculated soil plot was less than the non-inoculated soil plot by 13%, 33% each in Shinpaldalkong2 and SS2-2. The number of pods, the number of grains and the weight of grains in the yield characteristics of the inoculated soil plot were more than in the non-inoculated soil plot in Daewonkong, but the number of pods, grains and the weight of grains in the yield result in the inoculated soil plot was less than in the non-inoculated soil plot in Shinpaldalkong2 and SS2-2. The mean yield(per 10a) of Daewonkong was increased 11% in the inoculated soil plot, but the mean yeil(per 10a) of Shinpaldalkong2 was decreased 4% and SS2-2 was also decreased 23%.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2014

Cauliflower mushroom widely known high concent of ${\beta}$-glucan for farm cultivation invigoration verified characteristics of mycelia growth, genetic diversity, resistance to Trichoderma by replacement culture with Trichoderma and growth characteristics of new variety crossbleeding strain. The result of replacement culture with Trichoderma for verification resistance about Trichoderma, 6951 (T. viride) strain did not show special change after formation of confrontation line and 6952 (T. spp.) strain was showed more formation of spore after formation of confrontation line. But 6426 (T. harzianum) strain found to encroach part of growth area of cauliflower mushroom mycelia. Among 10 kinds cauliflower mushroom strain, JF02-06 strain collected by Gurye, found did not spore of Trichoderma and thought to be resistant to Trichoderma. The result of crossbleeding after selected that mother strain good growth and formation of fruit body, verified good mycelia growth at JF02-47, 49 and 50 strain in Korean pine of wood-chip media. The result of gene sequence about ITS1, 5.8S and ITS4 for analysis of genetic diversity at crossbleeding strain, found high significance to other cauliflower mushroom in registered Genebank. The result of growth characteristic of spore and mycelia of cauliflower mushroom by observation microscope, size of spore showed water drop shape to major axis $6{\mu}m$ and minor axis $5{\mu}m$ and clamp showed 3 types in mycelia. The wide of mycelia was $3{\mu}m$. The characteristic of mycelia of cauliflower mushroom found to grow mycelia in clamp at approximately 50%. The growth speed of mycelia was $0.507{\mu}m/min$ and 2nd mycelia grown similar speed to mother mycelia at parallel with mother mycelia after growth speed at $0.082{\mu}m/min$. The formation of clamp made small clamp for 5 hours after shown transfer of electrolyte in mycelia inside. The septum formation started after 3 hours and then finally completed after 2 hours. In this study, strain of cauliflower mushroom verified resistance of Trichoderma, genetic diversity and characteristic of mycelia growth. Therefore, basic knowledge of cauliflower mushroom will improve and further contribute to development of mushroom industry.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.896-904
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• 2010

HACCP is a scientific and systematic program that identifies specific hazards and gives measurements in order to control them and ensure the safety of foods. Transportation of livestock and its products is one of the vulnerable sectors regarding food safety in Korea, as meats are transported by truck in the form of a carcass or packaged meat in a box. HACCP application and its acceleration of distribution, in particular transportation, are regarded as important to providing consumers with ultimately safe livestock products. To achieve this goal, practical tools for HACCP application should be developed. Supply chain management (SCM) is a holistic and strategic approach to demand, operations, procurement, and logistics process management. SCM has been beneficially applied to several industries, notably in vehicle manufacture and the retail trade. HACCP-based real-time visibility system using wireless application (WAP) of the livestock distribution is centralized management system that enables control of temperature and HACCP management in real-time for livestock transportation. Therefore, the application of HACCP to livestock distribution (transportation, storage, and sale) can be activated. Using this system, HACCP management can be made easier, and distribution of safe livestock products can be achieved.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2006

Six japonica and three Tongil type cultivars that were released in different years and planted to a large area during different periods were grown at the experimental farm of Seoul National University in 2001 and compared for traits related to dry matter production and grain yield. The varieties chosen were Jodongji released in 1896, Paldal in 1944, Jinheung in 1962, Nagdong and Tongil (Tonsil type) in 1971, Milyang#23 (Tongil type) in 1976, Hwasung in 1986, Ilpum in 1991, and Dasan (Tonsil type) in 1996. The more recent cultivars tended to have lower canopy light extinction coefficients (K). The K value was 0.601 in the oldest cultivar, Jodongji, and decreased below 0.5 in the cultivars released since 1971. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) was significantly different among cultivars before heading stage, showing no consistent tendency with the year of release and not significantly different after heading. Leaf area duration (LAD) was significantly different among varieties, and LAD values tended to be higher in the more recent cultivars. In particular, this tendency was more obscure in Tongil type cultivars. LAD of whole growth period had a significantly positive correlation with dry matter yield at harvest $(r=0.776^*)$. Dry matters measured at heading and harvest tended to be higher in recently released cultivars, but not significantly. The grain yield of Jodongji was the lowest but there was no significant difference among the other varieties in japonica, while higher yield occurred in the more recent Tongil type. Grain yield was correlated with grain number per square meter, and the more recent Tongil type cultivars had the greater grain number per square meter, In conclusion, not only the dry matter and grain yield but also related traits except K value showed no clear changes when compared with the year of their release in japonica cultivars. However, the increased grain yield in the more recent Tonsil type cultivars might have resulted from the enhanced LAD that lead to the higher dry matter production and in turn to the enlarged sink size.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristics of growth stages in Hanwoo, to provide useful information in farm management decisions. Data were taken from the nucleus herds of three farms, Namwon, Daegwalyong and Seosan, comprising 27,647 cows, 14,744 bulls, and 1,290 steers in between 1980 and 2004. According to the growth curve by year, the residuals for cows and bulls were 68.49 and 54.29, respectively, under the Gompertz model. The values were lower than in other years. Parameters, A, b and k were estimated as 423.6±5.8, 2.387±0.064 and 0.0908±0.0033 in cows and 823.3±15.3, 3.584±0.070, 0.1139±0.0032 in bulls, respectively. The fitness was higher under the Gompertz model than under the logistic model: monthly and daily estimation for cows were 379.3±7.509, 2.499±0.057, 0.114±0.0045 and 367.1±1.9003, 2.3983±0.012, 0.004±0.00003, respectively. Estimated residual mean squares were 31.85 and 998.4 in their respective models. Monthly and daily estimation of bulls were 834.6±22.00, 3.319±0.062, 0.104±0.0037 and 796.0±6.128, 3.184±0.014, 0.003±0.00003, respectively. Estimated residual mean square were 66.18 and 2106.5. Monthly and daily estimation of steers were 1049.1±144.2, 3.024±0.008, 0.067±0.0096 and 1505.1±176.6, 2.997±0.067, 0.001±0.0001, relatively. Squares, 186.0 and 1119.1. In terms of growth characteristic estimated by Gompertz model, body weight for cows and bulls were 139.53kg and 307.03kg, and the daily gains were 0.52kg and 1.04kg, respectively. Body weight for steers was 385.94kg at the inflection point. Body weight gain was 0.84kg in both models. Our results showed that cows had lower mature weight and daily weight gain, and reached the inflection point earlier than bulls or steers.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.121-150
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• 1997

This Study puts the purpose to explicate the regionalities of land-lease farming by a comparative analisis of the five case study areas in Kungpook Province as the agricultural space system of Teagu metropolitan city. For the regional comparative analysis the province was divided into the three zones with the distance from the central city(Teagu): urban fringes, intermediate and remote zone, and then subdivided into the five regions by farming systems : horticulture, rice-farming, and dry-field farming. The data were collected from 77 land-leasing farmers by questionnaire and interview with farm managers in 5 sample villages representing the regionalities of the above five regions respectively. In spite of relatively restricted scope of the research areas, the analytical results appear remarkable regional differences in the characteristics of land-lease farming within a single agricultural space system. In the final analysis the regionalities of the five land-lease farming regions could be described respectively as follows. (1) Koryong-Gun in the inner urban fringe zone : The developing land-lease farming region of commercialized suburban horticulture with medium scale. (2) Songju-Gun in the outer urban fringe zone : The developing land-lease farming region of highly commercialized horticulture with large scale. (3) Uisong-Gun in the intermediate zone : The stagnated land-lease farming region of commercialized rice-farming with large scale. (4) Yongil-Gun in the intermediate zone : The stagnated land-lease farming region of commercializing dry-field farming with medium scale. (5) Ponghwa-Gun in the remote zone : The stagnated and delayed region in commercializing of intermountain dry-field land-lease farming with small scale. These varied regionalities resulted from the diverse spatiality as a complex of spatial orders and localities. The spatial orders in this study are frequently recognizable as a form of distance-decay, and the locality of a region is determined mostly by the its peculiarity of physical and population conditions. In the comparative analysis of the regionalities the degree of commercialization of a region is a most comprehensive and useful frame of reference because it reflects the degree of development of capitalist land-lease farming. Finally these apparent regional differentiations of land-lease farming within a agricultural space system raise the problem of impracticality of the existing uniform logic on the land-lease farming such as "large scale farms share larger part of leased farmland." This problem suggests the urgent need of reappraisal of many aspatial logics and theories on the land-lease farming.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2011

This study was carried out to compare botanical characteristics, physicochemical properties related to table quality and feed values and develop a new variety among 12 developed waxy com hybrids. These materials were produced in 2008 and cultivated in 2009 at Com Breeding and Genetics Farm of Coll. of Agri. & Life Sci., Chungnam Nat'l Univ. Botanical characteristics of used waxy com hybrids showed large difference among hybrids; stem height, ear height and ear length. In physical properties, range of kernel sugar content among used hybrids appeared 16.1 to 13.0brix(%). CNU08H-15, CNU08H-35 and CNU08H-h39 among these were highly appeared as 15 above and pericarp thickness of Yeonongchal was very thick as $46.0{\mu}m$, while CNU08H-39 among hybrids showed the thinnest as $23.0{\mu}m$ compared to other hybrids. Protein content as a indicator of table quality was the highest in Ilmichal among hybrids, while that of CNU08H-39 was the lowest, while amylopectin content was the highest as 94.5%, From experimental results, Daehakchal Gold 1, CNU08H-h121 and CNU08H-39 including check Yeonyoungchal were highly evaluated as new hybrid in thinner pericarp, high amylopectin and chewiness.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2008

To investigate the effects of incorporation of green manures (GM) into a sandy loam soil on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of tomato (Lycoperiscon esculentum Mill.) and nutrient balances (input minus offtake of nutrients), five tomato production systems were compared under the condition of plastic film house: 1) a no input system (no additional amendment or inputs, 0-To-0-To); 2) a conventional system (application of N-P-K chemical fertilizers, Cf-To-Cf-To); 3) a leguminous GM-containing system (hairy vetch-tomato-soybean-tomato, Hv-To-Sb-To); 4) a graminaceous GM-containing system (rye-tomato-sudan grass-tomato, Ry-To-Sd-To); and 5) system mixed with leguminous and graminaceous GMs (rye-tomatosoybean- tomato, Ry-To-Sb-To). Here, hairy vetch and rye were cultivated as winter cover crops during late $Dec{\sim}late$ Feb and soybean and sudan grass were cultivated as summer cover crops during late $Jun{\sim}mid$ Aug. All of them cut before tomato planting and then incorporated into soil. Biomass of GMs was greater in summer season than that of winter season. Nitrogen amount fixed by a leguminous plants was about $126\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ per a cropping season, corresponding to 60% N level needed for tomato production, which was comparable to 50 and $96\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ fixed by rye and sudan grass. As a result, tomato yield of Hv-To-Sb-To system (legume GM treatment) was similar to Cf-To-Cf-To (conventional), but that in Ry-To-Sd-To system (graminaceous GM treatment) was not attained to a half level of conventional treatment. Nutrient budgets for N, P and K on the conventional farm were balanced or somewhat positive exception for minus-balanced K. Ry-To-Sd-To system showed a positive N, P and K budgets due to the depressed growth of tomato which is caused by high C/N ratio and low N-fixing capacity of the GMs. Inversely, those of Hv-To-Sb-To system were negative in all of N, P and K budgets because of increased growth and yield of tomato with high nitrogen-supplying capacity as well as low C/N ratio of leguminous GM. In conclusion, although conventional cultivation has an advantage in relation to N, P and K nutrient budgets rather than GM-incorporated systems, a leguminous GMs could be recommended as nitrogen reservoir and soil amendment because the yield of tomato between use of leguminous GM and conventional cultivation was not only significantly difference, but also GMs commonly reduce nutrient loss and improve microbial communities.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of sow breeding environment on the reproduction in the first litter in a large-sized hog farm, located in Dangjin-gun, Chungnam from July 1st, 2007 to June 30th, 2008 and provide basic information to improve the sow productivity in a family farming sows. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The gestation periods were proved to be similar without significant differences between indoor and outdoor breeding grounds, The average of farrowing rate was 91.91%, and 92.54% farrowing rate of out-door ground breeding sows was slightly greater than 91.57% of group-housed sows, but there was no significance between two groups. 2. The average of total litter size and the number of born alive per litter were 9.81 and 9.02, respectively. The number of total number was 0.98 and the number of born alive per litter was 1.18 in the outdoor-ground breeding sows, which was significantly greater than group-housed sows(p<0.001). 3. The number(rate) of piglets stillborn was 0.22(2.10%) from the outdoor-ground breeding sows was significantly greater, compared with 0.33(3.53%) from group-housed sows(p<0.01). The number of piglets culled was 0.23(2.27%) and 0.26(2.77%), in the out-door ground breeding sows and in group-housed sows, respectively and it was not significantly similar between two groups. And, the number of mummies was 0.21(2.1%) and 0.28(2.29%), in the out-door ground breeding sows and in group-housed sows, respectively, which showed no significance. 4. The weaning number in the playground breeding sows was 9.48 and it was significantly greater than that in the group-housed sows(p<0.001). The average of weaned age was observed to be 22.91 days. The weaned age in the out-door ground breeding sows was 22.39 days, and it was significantly smaller than that in group-housed sows(p<0.001). The breeding rate for the weaning of pigs was satisfactory as 96.82%, but there was no significant difference between two groups.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of lime, zeolite, and rock phosphate as coating materials and coated seed size on germination, establishment, and early growth of pasture species at the experimental livestock farm, Yonam College of Agriculture in 1997. Germinating energy and germination of coated tall fescue and orchardgrass seeds were lower than those of non-coated seeds. Coated seed of tall fescue with 70% lime and 15% rock phosphate was the best in germination. The germination of small size seed (< ${\varnothing}2$ mm) was better than those of medium (> ${\varnothing}2$ mm and < ${\varnothing}2$ mm) and large size seeds (> ${\varnothing}2$ mm). Germination of coated orchardgrass seed with 55% lime and 30% rock phosphate treatment was higher than that of other coated seeds, and germination of small size seed was higher than those of medium and large size seeds (p<0.05). Germination energy and germination of coated alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil seeds were lower than those of non-coated seeds. Germination of coated alfalfa seed with 70% lime and 15% rock phosphate, and 45% lime and 55% rock phosphate was higher compared with other coated seeds. Germination of medium size seed was higher than those of small and large size seeds (p<0.05). Among coated birdsfoot trefoil seed, 45% lime and 40% rock phosphate treatment resulted in higher germinating energy and germination than other treatments. There was no significant difference in establishment and early growth of coated tall fescue and orchardgrass seeds. However, tall fescue and orchardgrass coated with 45 % lime and 40% phosphate rock showed higher establishment and early growth. There was also no significant difference in establishment and early growth of coated alfalfa among the treatments. Among coated treatments, establishment and early growth of alfalfa coated with 75% lime and 10% rock phosphate were the highest and showed 46.4% and $72.6\;g/\textrm{m}^2$, respectively. Establishment and early growth of coated birdsfoot trefoil with 55% lime and 30% rock phosphate were the highest among coated birdsfoot trefoil seed (p<0.05) and recorded 46.4% and $44.6\;g/\textrm{m}^2$, respectively. Results of this study indicate that the germination of coated grass and legume seed may be improved by increasing the percentage of rock phosphate and decreasing that of lime. With regard to seed size, the germination of pasture species with small seed size (< ${\varnothing}2$ mm) may be better than medium and large size seeds except alfalfa. Establishment and early growth of grasses can be also improved by increasing the percentage of rock phosphate and decreasing that of lime.