• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.477-497
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric property of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire(CBQ), including reliability, content validity, construct validity, cross validity, and concurrent validity with EAS(Emotionality, Activity, Sociability) scale. The CBQ is a caregiver report measure designed to provide a detailed assessment of temperament in children 3 to 7 years of age. In this study, two groups of participants were included to check cross validity. The first group of participants were 108 preschoolers, 3 to 7 years of age attending kindergartens or child care centers, and their mothers. The second group of participants were 168 preschoolers and their mothers. The CBQ subscales demonstrate adequate internal consistencies. Also, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the CBQ scale reliably recover a three-factor solution indicating three broad dimension of temperament: extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Evidence for concurrent validity derives from results of correlation analysis with EAS scale.

• 아동학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.71-89
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• 2012

This study examined the characteristics of early child care teachers and the ways this influences their abilities to promote the parent-teacher partnerships. 266 early child care teachers participated in this study. Parent-teacher partnerships, communication competence, interpersonal competence, and teacher efficacy in enlisting parental involvement were measured by means of The Caregiver-Parent Partnership Scale, Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale, Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire and selected elements of the Teacher Self-efficacy Scale. The results indicated that parent-teacher partnerships were significantly different in terms of the characteristics of teachers. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the communication competence, interpersonal competence, and teacher self-efficacy significantly predicted the type and quality of parent-teacher partnerships. In conclusion, improving the effectiveness of parent-teacher partnerships seems heavily dependent upon the quality and personal abilities an beliefs of early child care teachers.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.617-627
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate fatigue and its related factors in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 98 patients receiving radiotherapy. Subjects were recruited from C University Hospital radiation oncology unit located in Gwangju from March to May, 2001. Questionnaire and medical records were used for data collection. The obtained data was analyzed using SAS program that included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Post-hoc test(Fisher's LSD) and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Result: The fatigue perceived by the subjects was middle level ($5.59{\pm}1.59$) and 72.4% of them reported greater than 5 points. The subjects in no religion, low income, and spouse caregiver groups experienced the higher fatigue than another groups, respectively. The subjects in nasopharyngeal cancer, head & neck radiation site, and analgesics medication groups did, experience fatigue as well. The fatigue not only positively correlated with symptom distress, disruption of usual activity, sleep dissatisfaction, and mood state, but also negatively with less family support. Conclusion: Cancer patients receiving radiotherapy experience the middle level of fatigue and it correlates with the multi-dimensional factors. However, further research is needed to identify the changes in fatigue over the radiotherapy period through longitudinal design and to develop nursing intervention for fatigue decrease.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2010

Purpose: This follow up study was performed to survey the problem in performing ADLs at home after surgery. Method: Twenty elderly patients were assessed 3 times; from the time of hospitalization for surgery until 3 weeks after discharge. Measuring tools are numeric rating scales (NRS) for pain and 3 questionnaires developed by the authors to measure difficulties in ambulation, performing indoor ADLs, and emotional status. Pearson correlation, variance analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Result: The level of pain significantly decreased after surgery, but the difference between pain at the time of discharge and that of 3 weeks after discharge were not significant. Pain showed a positive relationship with emotional difficulties. Elderly with a higher education, family caregiver, and regular exercise showed a lower level of emotional difficulties. Conclusion: Comprehensive approaches for chronic pain including physical, psychological, and social aspects should be considered when caring for the elderly with spinal surgery. In addition, home care nursing interventions should include an exercise program to promote adaptation and rehabilitation after discharge.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.166-181
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examined the literature concerning the burdens of parents of preschool-aged children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We employed an integrative review methodology based on Whittemore and Knafl's framework. The literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO. Ultimately, 18 articles were included in the review. Results: The review yielded four themes: (1) parental burdens, (2) factors related to the burdens, (3) coping strategies, and (4) implications for clinical practice. Parents experienced psychological, physical, and social burdens due to the diabetes care of their children. Several factors influenced burdens, including child-related characteristics such as age, severity of diabetes, and hospitalization experience, as well as parental factors like family income, race, and residential area. Parents initially felt burdened when their child was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, but over time, they often adapted to the situation through support and sharing of responsibilities. Parents desired education and interventions reflecting the unique characteristics of preschoolers. Conclusion: This integrative literature review revealed that parents experience numerous burdens when their child is diagnosed with diabetes. Future research should focus on developing interventions to address parents' psychological difficulties, including tracking parental psychological changes over time. Tailored nursing interventions should also be provided to parents of preschool-aged children, as opposed to the more generic nursing interventions traditionally applied across all age groups of children in clinical settings.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2016

목적: 말기암환자 가족 간병인의 간병 부담을 줄이는 것은 가족뿐 아니라 환자를 위해서도 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 말기암환자 가족 간병인의 간병 부담과 관련된 요인에 대해 살펴보았다. 방법: 국내 7개 기관의 완화의료병동에서 입원치료를 받는 말기암환자의 가족 간병인 289명의 자료를 분석하였다. 간병인이 느끼는 주관적 간병 부담은 암환자 가족 돌봄 경험 평가도구를 사용하였고, 5가지 차원에서 단계적 변수 선정을 사용한 로지스틱 회귀 모형을 통해 유의한 인자를 확인하였다. 결과: 간병부담의 각 차원에서 다양한 인자들과의 관련성이 확인되었다. 감정적 요인은 가장 폭넓은 영향을 미쳤는데, 감정적 스트레스를 가진 군은 그렇지 않은 군에 비해, 생활패턴이 변할 가능성이 2.54배(95% confidence interval, 1.29~5.02), 가족의 협조가 부족할 가능성이 2.27배(1.04~4.97), 그리고 신체적 부담이 커질 가능성이 5.44배(2.50~11.88)였다. 가족기능은 가족의 협조부족을 매우 잘 반영하였으며, 심한 가족기능 장애를 보일 경우 경제적 부담과도 관련이 있었다. 종교를 가진 군과 동반질환이 없는 군에서 오히려 간병 부담이 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 간병기간과 하루 중 간병시간은 생활패턴의 변화와 신체적 부담을 유의하게 예측하였다. 직업을 가지고 있거나, 사회적 지지가 부족하거나, 자주 방문하지 못하는 가족 간병인은 낮은 자아 존중감을 보였다. 결론: 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 가족 간병인의 간병 부담을 파악하기 위해서는 그들의 정서상태와 가족기능을 파악하는 것이 도움이 되며, 사회적 지지체계를 포함하여 경제적 부담을 완화시키는 노력이 필요하겠다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2017

목적: 완화적 시기에 말기 암환자의 증상과 가족간병인의 우울 간의 관계에 대한 연구는 매우 드물다. 본 단면연구에서는 말기 암환자의 증상특징과 그들의 가족간병인의 우울 간의 관계에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: MD Anderson Symptom Inventory와 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale을 이용한 다기관 조사연구가 진행되었다. 총 293쌍의 말기 암환자와 가족간병인이 7개 기관에서 등록되었다. 가족간병인의 우울과 관련된 요인을 추출하고, 보정된 우울점수를 추정하기 위해 다변량 회귀분석이 사용되었다. 결과: 다양한 심리사회적 요인들 중, 가족간병인의 낮은 삶의 질, 낮은 사회적 지지, 배우자 관계, 그리고 더 많은 간병시간 등이 가족간병인의 우울과 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 가족 간병인의 우울여부에 따라, 환자의 몇 가지 증상에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다. 관련된 혼란변수를 보정한 이후에도, 음성증상이 없는 환자를 돌보고 있는 가족간병인보다 음성증상을 가진 환자를 돌보고 있는 가족간병인에서 우울점수가 유의하게 낮았다(식욕소실, P=0.005; 졸음, P=0.024; 그리고 입마름, P=0.043). 중증의 식욕소실을 가진 환자를 돌보고 있는 가족간병인의 우울점수는 비중증의 식욕소실을 가진 환자를 돌보고 있는 가족간병인의 우울점수보다 낮았다(P=0.039). 결론: 본 연구결과는 가족간병인의 우울을 평가할 때 환자의 증상 특징이 도움이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2002

The impact of chronic diseases on patients and their families depends on how well the family members cope with it. Therefore, research on strategies for facilitating the coping of the families in a desirable manner is very important. Dementia management strategies refer to specific means families of dementia patients use to cope with dementing illness of their family members. This study was designed to examine type of dementia management strategies utilized by families and to identify factors influencing them. The subjects in this study were 103 conveniently selected demented patients and their primary caregivers who were registered to a public health center located in Chungcheong Province. The subjects were visited by 20 home visiting nurses, and the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were collected form May 2, 2001 to June 2, 2001. The findings of this study were as follows. 1. The most frequently used types of dementia management strategies were active management (M=3.36, S.D=.96), and encouragement (M=2.94, S.D=.99). Criticism was least used type of dementia management strategy (M=2.71, S.D=.99). 2. The factors influencing each management strategy were as follows; 1) The criticism management strategy was most frequently used by the primary caregivers who graduated elementary school (F=3.21, p<.05). 2) The encouragement strategy was most frequently used by the primary caregivers in a case when the patients were in the mild stage of dementia (F=2.76, p<.05), when the patients never had any treatment experiences (F=2.01, p<.05), when the family could afford the provision of treatment for the patients (F=-2.44, p<.050), and when the primary caregiver had a job (t=2.90, p<.01). 3) The active management strategy was most widely used by the primary caregivers who could afford the provision of treatment for the patients (F=-2.31, p<.05) and were in their 70s (F=3.04, p<.05). This type of management strategy was significantly more used by those who discussed the difficulties of caring with their family members (F=3.46, p<.05). 3. The use of criticism management strategies was significantly correlated with the total level of burden of the primary caregivers. But the types of encouragement and active management strategies had negative correlations with the caregivers' burden although they were not significant. Since the findings of this study showed that the criticism management strategy had a significant positive relationship with caregivers' burden, those who are more likely to use the negative management strategy should be identified in future studies. The primary caregivers who are more likely to use negative strategy should be more closely monitored and be focused as the group who should be intervened in future studies.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제53권
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• pp.231-255
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• 2003

본 연구는 뇌졸중 노인의 가족 수발자들을 대상으로 집단 프로그램과 개별상담을 제공하고 이러한 사회복지실천에 입각한 개입이 간병 부담을 완화하는 효과가 있는 지 검증하였다. 12명의 가족 수발자들로 실험집단과 통제집단을 설정하고 사전 검사 후 실험집단에 대해서만 8회에 걸쳐 개입을 실시하고 다시 두 집단에 대하여 사후검사를 실시하여 개입 효과를 확인하였다. 실험집단에 대해서는 3개월 후에 추후검사를 실시하여 개입 효과의 지속 여부를 검증하였다. 통계분석은 비모수통계방법인 Mann Whitney test, Wilcoxon test를 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에서 실시한 개입은 수발자의 간병 부담, 소외감을 완화시켜 주는 효과가 있었다. 간병자의 자존감과 간병에 대안 자진감, 노인과의 관계, 정서적 지지도 향상되었다. 그러나 간병자의 우울, 전반적인 삶의 만족, 공적 서비스의 사용은 변화가 없었다. 둘째, 추후검사를 통해 개입 효과의 추이를 확인한 결과 간병부담, 자존감, 간병에 대한 자신감, 정서적 지지에 대한 개입효과는 유지된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 노인과의 관계는 악화되었으며 소외감도 증가한 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 본 연구에서 실시한 사회복지실천 개입에 대한 참여자들의 만족도, 유용하다고 느끼는 정도는 매우 높았다. 참여자들은 특히 지지적 세션에 의해 많은 도움을 받은 것으로 보인다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 사회복지실천 개입의 확대, 자조집단의 조성, 지지적 세션을 잘 이끌어갈 것, 간병 받는 노인의 프로그램 참여에 대한 배려, 수발자들의 내재된 분노나 죄의식을 다루어 줄 것 등의 실천적 함의가 제시되었다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2022

In this study, the radiation dose rate was measured by time and distance and evaluated whether radiation dose rate was suitable for domestic and international discharge criteria. In addition, the radiation dose emitted from the patient was measured with a glass dosimeter to evaluate the exposure dose if the caregiver stays in the isolated ward by placing a humanoid phantom instead of the caregiver at a distance of 1 m from the patient, on the second day of treatment. After 23 hours of isolation, the radiation dose rates at a distance of 1 m were 20.54 ± 6.21 µSv/h at 2.96 GBq administration and 27.94 ± 12.33 µSv/h at 3.70 GBq administration. The radiation dose rates at a distance of 1 m were 25.90 ± 2.21 µSv/h when 2.96 GBq was administered and 34.22 ± 10.06 µSv/h when 3.70 GBq was administered after 18 hours of isolation. However, if the isolation period is short may cause unnecessary radiation exposure to the third person. The reading of the attached dosimeter from the morning of the second day of treatment until removal was 0.01 to 0.95 mSv, which is a surface dose determined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. And the depth dose was 0.01 to 0.99 mSv. On the second day of treatment, even if the patient caregivers stayed in the isolation ward, the exposure dose of the patient family did not exceed the effective dose limit of 5 mSv recommended by the ICRP and NCRP.